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Effects Of Family Factors On The Development Of Alcohol-Related Problems Among Males From Pre-Adolescence To Adulthood

Florida Public Health Review

Alcohol use is a leading risk factor in suicides, homicides and unintentional injuries (including motor vehicle crashes and drownings) among adolescents, and is associated with adolescent health risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, and risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine if family factors would predict alcohol-related problems as the study cohort transitioned into young adulthood, and to determine if early alcohol use remained a significant influence on the development of alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. Results of the analyses indicate that three of the family factors measured in mid-adolescence were statistically significant …

A Likelihood Based Method For Real Time Estimation Of The Serial Interval And Reproductive Number Of An Epidemic, Laura Forsberg White, Marcello Pagano

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

The Qingdao Twin Registry: A Focus On Chronic Disease Research, C. Anderson Johnson, Zengchang Pang, Feng Ning, Jennifer B. Unger, Shaojie Wang, Qian Guo, Weihua Cao, Liming Lee

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

With the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality in China, noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the major threats to the health of the Chinese population. The causes of chronic diseases include genetic factors and behavioral risk factors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and lack of physical activity. Twin studies offer a unique opportunity to disentangle the genetic and environmental risk and protective factors for chronic disease. The Qingdao Twin Registry (QTR) was initiated in 1998 as part of the National Chinese Twin Registry. Over 11,000 pairs of twins and multiples of all …

Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin, 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion-Associated Transmission Investigation Team

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence …

Stability Analysis For An Seir Age-Structured Epidemic Model Under Vaccination, M. El-Doma

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

An SEIR age-structured epidemic model is investigated when susceptible and immune individuals are vaccinated indiscriminately and the force of infection of proportionate mixing type. We determine the steady states and obtain an explicitly computable threshold condition, and then study the stability of the steady states.

An In Vitro Model Of Ovarian Cancer: Studying The Effects Of Talc And Pycnogenol®, Amber Renée Buz'zard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and accounts for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. The American Cancer Society has suggested that poor diet, talc and industrial pollutants may increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Talc is ubiquitous and concern is raised about its safety, role as a possible carcinogen and known ability to cause irritation and inflammation. Due to the silent nature of ovarian cancer, chemoprevention is a high priority. The most useful chemopreventive compounds will inhibit, delay or reverse carcinogenesis, and can be taken for long periods of time with …

Value-Based Coverage Policy In The United States And The United Kingdom: Different Paths To A Common Goal, Wilhelmine Miller

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper traces the development within American health care of two interrelated trends and activities: an evidence-based approach to medical practice and the critical evaluation of new technologies with respect to their costs and effectiveness. Over the past 35 years each of these developments has increasingly shaped the coverage decisions of public and private health insurers, and their importance for coverage policy is certain to grow. The paper also contrasts the different approaches to such “evidence-” or “value-based” coverage policy in the mixed public and private U.S. health care enterprise with the approach taken in Great Britain’s single-payer National …

Semiparametric Regression Of Multi-Dimensional Genetic Pathway Data: Least Squares Kernel Machines And Linear Mixed Models, Dawei Liu, Xihong Lin, Debashis Ghosh

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Medicare And Mental Health: The Fundamentals, Christopher Loftis, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper provides a review of mental health coverage in the Medicare program. It examines the prevalence of mental disorders among Medicare beneficiaries, treatment available through Medicare, and the cost of such treatment. A brief summary of relevant policy issues is provided, including Medicare’s outpatient mental health limitation and the potential effect of the prescription drug benefit on the provision of mental health services.

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Buggy Creek Virus: Evidence For Multiple Clades In The Western Great Plains, United States Of America, Martin Pfeffer, Jerome E. Foster, Eric A. Edwards, Mary Bomberger Brown, Nicholas Komar, Charles R. Brown

United States Public Health Resources

We present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of Buggy Creek virus (BCRV), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. Nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire PE2 gene, were determined for 33 BCRV isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies in Nebraska and Colorado in the summer of 2001 and were compared with the corresponding region of BCRV isolates collected from Oklahoma in the …

Preventive Medicine: A "Cure" For The Healthcare Crisis, Janice L. Clarke, Deborah Meiris

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Introductory Editorial: Few would dispute the premise that prevention, early detection, and early intervention form the first line of defense on the disease management (DM) continuum. That being the case, our national statistics on preventive health should be raising concerns throughout the industry. The US healthcare delivery system continues to fall woefully short of its prevention targets. On the international scene, the United States lags behind countries with less wealth and less technological savvy. Commentaries abound on the problems, but recently I became aware of an organization with an exciting goal and a novel solution for bringing preventive medicine …

Faktor-Faktor Prognosis Kematian Tetanus Neonatorum Di Rs Kabupaten Indramayu Dan Kabupaten Cirebon, Lili Tantijati, Krisnawati Bantas

Kesmas

Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih tetap tinggi. Berdasarkan Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 1995 adalah 55/1.000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu penyebab utama dari kematian bayi adalah penyakit tetanus neonatorum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara usia saat ditemukan adanya indikasi penyakit neonatarum pada bayi dengan timbulnya kematian yang disebabkan oleh tetanus neonatorum pada bayi-bayi tersebut di Kabupaten Indramayu pada tahun 1996-2001. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi epidemiologi kasus-kontrol dengan perbandingan kasus dan kontrol 1:1. Jumlah sampel, 160 penderita tetanus neonatorum. Populasi studi adalah penderita tetanus neonatorum yang dirawat di RSD kabupaten Cirebon dan kabupaten …

Prevalensi Dan Determinan Hipertensi Di Pulau Jawa, Tahun 2004, Zamhir Setiawan

Kesmas

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Peningkatan umur harapan hidup dan perubahan gaya hidup meningkatkan faktor risiko hipertensi di berbagai negara. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) Mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi dan penyebarannya di Pulau Jawa tahun 2004. (2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. (3) Mengetahui kontribusi dan dampak potensial masing masing faktor tersebut. Penelitian dengan rancangan studi Ekologi Multilevel ini menggabungkan variabel tingkat pengukuran individu dengan tingkat pengukuran ekologi dalam analisis bersama, dengan unit analisis individu. Analisis kontekstual dilakukan melalui kerangka konsep hipertensi, menggunakan metode analisis regresi logistik ganda, dengan status …

The Development Of Weaning Practices Among Women Of The Mombasa District, Its Effects On Children’S Public Health Issues, And The Proposition Of Intervention Plans, Rachael Bryan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Breastfeeding is an unparalleled way of providing nourishment for the infant child in the first few years of life. A large body of literature supports that exclusive breastfeeding is optimal for the first 6 months of life, while complementary foods should be introduced in the diet 6 months and beyond. Mothers who inadequately wean their children are defined as having introduced complementary foods prior to 6 months post-natal age. The inclusive purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of inadequate weaning practices among patients and mothers of patients of the Muslim Education and Welfare Association Medical Centre (MMC) …

Stress, Coping, Social Support, And Prostate Cancer Risk Among Older African American And Caucasian Men, Ann L. Coker, Maureen Sanderson, Gary L. Ellison, Mary Kay Fadden

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objectives: While psychosocial stress and high effort coping have been associated with reduced immune function, no epidemiologic study has addressed psychological stress and risk of prostate cancer. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the association between stress, coping, social support, and risk of prostate cancer among older men (age 65–79 years). Design: Population-based case-control study in South Carolina.

Participants: Cases were 400 incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases identified through the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2001 (70.6% response rate). Controls were 385 men identified through the 1999 Health Care Financing Administration Medicare beneficiary file …

Racial Differences In Perception Of Breast Cancer Risk In Rural Southeast Georgia, Stuart H. Tedders, Anthony V. Parrillo, Karl E. Peace, Jannell R. Knight

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

A university-public health collaborative was formed to more fully understand cancer risk among rural women in Georgia. Objectives: This study sought to gain an understanding of racial differences with regard to behavioral risk, perception of breast cancer risk, and perception of barriers to screening. Design: Differences in subjects’ risk and risk perception were assessed by creating, piloting, and administering a written survey at local health departments. Sample: A purposive sample of females enrolled in breast and cervical cancer screening programs in four rural counties in southeast Georgia (n = 147) were surveyed. Subjects were randomly invited to participate. Incentives were …

Care Quality For Adult Medicaid Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes Varies By Primary Care Provider Subspecialty, Robert M. Mayberry, Rita Finley, Ernest Alema-Mensah, Trobiand A. Davis

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

The Georgia Medicaid primary care case management (PCCM) program, phased in over the 1994-1997 period, has now given way to a capitated managed care model of regional care management organizations (CMOs). Using Georgia Medicaid eligibility and provider claim data for 1996-1998, this study investigated diabetes care quality and whether it varied by primary care provider subspecialty in a longitudinal follow-up of newly diagnosed adults with type 2 diabetes during the early phase of the PCCM program. Results indicated that the quality of diabetes care was suboptimal and varied significantly by PCP subspecialty, with patients seen by generalists least likely to …

Biologic Interaction And Their Identification, Tyler J. Vanderweele, James Robins

COBRA Preprint Series

The definitions of a biologic interaction and causal interdependence are reconsidered in light of a sufficient-component cause framework. Various conditions and statistical tests are derived for the presence of biologic interactions. The conditions derived are sufficient but not necessary for the presence of a biologic interaction. Through a series of examples it is made evident that in the context of monotonic effects, but not in general, the conditions which are derived are closely related but not identical to effect modification on the risk difference scale.

A Theory Of Sufficient Cause Interactions, Tyler J. Vanderweele, James M. Robins

COBRA Preprint Series

Sufficient-component causes are discussed within the potential outcome framework so as to formalize notions of sufficient causes, synergism and sufficient cause interactions. Doing so allows for the derivation of counterfactual conditions and statistical tests for detecting the presence of sufficient cause interactions. Under the assumption of monotonic effects, more powerful statistical tests for sufficient cause interactions can be derived. The statistical tests derived for sufficient cause interactions are compared with and contrasted to interaction terms in standard statistical models.

Promoting Physical Activity In Children And Youth: A Leadership Role For Schools: A Scientific Statement From The American Heart Association Council On Nutrition, Physical Activity, And Metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) In Collaboration With The Councils On Cardiovascular Disease In The Young And Cardiovascular Nursing, Russell R. Pate, Michael G. Davis, Thomas N. Robinson, Elaine J. Stone, Thomas L. Mckenzie, Judith C. Young

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reduction In Urinary Arsenic With Bottled-Water Intervention, Arun B. Josyula, Hannah Mcclellen, Tracy A. Hysong, Margaret Kurzius-Spencer, Gerald S. Poplin, Stefan Stürup, Jefferey L. Burgess

Dartmouth Scholarship

The study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of providing bottled water in reducing arsenic exposure. Urine, tap-water and toenail samples were collected from non-smoking adults residing in Ajo (n=40) and Tucson (n=33), Arizona, USA. The Ajo subjects were provided bottled water for 12 months prior to re-sampling. The mean total arsenic (microg/L) in tap-water was 20.3+/-3.7 in Ajo and 4.0+/-2.3 in Tucson. Baseline urinary total inorganic arsenic (microg/L) was significantly higher among the Ajo subjects (n=40, 29.1+/-20.4) than among the Tucson subjects (n=32, 11.0+/-12.0, p<0.001), as was creatinine-adjusted urinary total inorganic arsenic (microg/g) (35.5+/-25.2 vs 13.2+/-9.3, p<0.001). Baseline concentrations of arsenic (microg/g) in toenails were also higher among the Ajo subjects (0.51+/-0.72) than among the Tucson subjects (0.17+/-0.21) (p<0.001). After the intervention, the mean urinary total inorganic arsenic in Ajo (n=36) dropped by 21%, from 29.4+/-21.1 to 23.2+/-23.2 (p=0.026). The creatinine-adjusted urinary total inorganic arsenic and toenail arsenic levels did not differ significantly with the intervention. Provision of arsenic-free bottled water resulted in a modest reduction in urinary total inorganic arsenic.

An Ergonomic Job Analysis Of A Work Process Within A Glovebox, Tamara Mcnair

Theses

Gloveboxes have been used in various industries to protect the user and environment from hazardous materials and/or isolate the materials from environmental contamination. As the use of gloveboxes continues to grow in an effort to reduce contamination and the dependency of personal protective equipment as well as increase the level of safety through containment, technical design specifications have been studied and investigated to great lengths. Unfortunately, ergonomic design criteria for this enclosed and restricting workstation have not been extensively investigated or documented.

This research evaluated ergonomic risk factors associated with the use of a glovebox in a pharmaceutical production facility. …

Structural Inference In Transition Measurement Error Models For Longitudinal Data, Wenqin Pan, Xihong Lin, Donglin Zeng

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Estimation In Semiparametric Transition Measurement Error Models For Longitudinal Data, Wenqin Pan, Donglin Zeng, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Nonparametric Regression Using Local Kernel Estimating Equations For Correlated Failure Time Data, Zhangsheng Yu, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Causal Inference In Hybrid Intervention Trials Involving Treatment Choice, Qi Long, Rod Little, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Methods For Estimating The Causal Effect Of A Treatment In Randomized Clinical Trials Subject To Noncompliance, Rod Little, Qi Long, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Kelangsungan Hidup Bayi Di Perkotaan Dan Pedesaan Indonesia, Demsa Simbolon

Kesmas

Kelangsungan hidup bayi di Indonesia yang masih rendah terlihat pada angka kematian bayi (AKB) yang menempati posisi tertinggi di Asean, kondisi intermediate rock dan sangat bervariasi. Penelitian yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder SDKI 2002-2003 ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kelangsungan hidup bayi di wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan di Indonesia serta berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh. Besar sampel yang digunakan adalah 11.588 terdiri dari 4.769 bayi di perko- taan dan 6.819 bayi di pedesaan. Metoda analisis yang digunakan meliputi metode life table dan regresi cox. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan probabilitas kelangsungan hidup bayi di perkotaan (98,59%) lebih tinggi daripada bayi di pedesaan (97,54%) dan …

Infestasi Kecacingan Pada Anak Sd Di Kecamatan Sei Bingai Langkat, Sumut, 2005, Limin Ginting

Kesmas

Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan kondisi lingkungan yang jelek, seperti infestasi cacing usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah (Soil Transmitted Helminths). Infestasi cacing pada anak akan mengganggu pertumbuhan, menurunkan kemampuan fisik, produktifitas belajar dan intelektualitas. Hasil Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan di beberapa SD di Kecamatan Stabat dan Kecamatan Hinai menemukan prevalensi kecacingan berada pada kisaran 30-60%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai prevalensi infestasi kecacingan pada anak SD di Kecamatan Sei Bingai, Kabupaten Langkat serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dengan disain studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan di 4 SD Kecamatan Sei Bingai, Kabupaten Langkat, Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Populasi adalah …

Epidemiologi Diskriptif Penyakit Avian Flu Di Lima Provinsi Di Indonesia, 2005-2006, Ajeng Tias Endarti, Ratna Djuwita

Kesmas

Jumlah kasus flu burung pada manusia meningkat sangat pesat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran epidemiologi penyakit flu burung (Avian Influenza/AI) pada kejadian luar biasa di 5 provinsi Indonesia in 2005-2006. Studi ini mengunakan sumber data sekunder data surveilens, sub direktorat Surveilens, Depkes RI, pada periode Juli 2005-2006. Dari 28 kasus konfirmasi ditemukan banyak pada pria (57.1%). Sekitar 89.3% kasus memperlihatkan gejala demam tinggi (>38°C), batuk dan masalah pernapasan dan sekitar 80% diantaranya meninggal dunia. Gejala tersebut mengindikasikan kerusakan jaringan paru-paru pada tubuh penderita. Berdasarkan laporan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, terlihat bahwa 60.7% penderita mengalami penurunan kadar leukosit (leucopenia) dan …