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Modification By Frailty Status Of Ambient Air Pollution Effects On Lung Function In Older Adults In The Cardiovascular Health Study, Sandrah P. Eckel, Thomas A. Louis, Paulo H.M. Chaves, Linda P. Fried, Helene G. Margolis

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

Older adult susceptibility to air pollution health effects is well-recognized. Advanced age may act as a partial surrogate for conditions associated with aging. The authors investigated whether gerontologic frailty (a clinical health status metric) modified the effects of ambient ozone or particulate matter (PM10) air pollution on lung function in 3382 older adults using 7 years of followup data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the CHS Environmental Factors Ancillary Study. Monthly average pollution and annual frailty assessments were related to up to 3 repeated measurements of lung function using novel cumulative summaries of pollution and frailty histories that …

Caractérisation Des Poussières Dans Les Boulangeries Artisanales, Brigitte Roberge, Simon Aubin, Yves Cloutier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Plusieurs études concluent que les boulangers exposés à la poussière de farine risquent d'être sensibilisés et de développer des symptômes respiratoires, voire de l'asthme professionnel (AP). D'autres rapportent une augmentation du risque de sensibilisation à la farine à des niveaux de 2 mg/m³ bien qu'il y ait prévalence de sensibilisation chez les boulangers exposés à 1 mg/m³ de poussière de farine. Selon des études récentes, les travailleurs de boulangeries industrielles ou artisanales pourraient être exposés jusqu'à 7,8 mg/m³ et ceux des meuneries jusqu'à 16 mg/m³. La majorité des études rapportent des niveaux exprimés en fraction …

Development Of Dose Conversion Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton

Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)

A research consortium comprised of representatives from several universities and national laboratories will be established as part of this project to generate internal and external dose conversion coefficients for radionuclides produced in spallation neutron sources. Information obtained from this multi-year study will be used to support the siting and licensing of future accelerator-driven nuclear initiatives within the U.S. Department of Energy complex, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) projects. Determination of these coefficients will also fill data gaps for several hundred radionuclides that exist in Federal Guidance Report (FGR) No. 11 and in Publications …

The Use Of Chloramines To Eradicate Quagga Mussel Larvae, Trea Lacroix, Kumud Acharya

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

Quagga Mussels, Dressenia bugensis, are a growing problem in the western United States, particularly in their ability to infest underwater infrastructures and clog water intake pipes and screens of power and treatment plants. Chlorine has been found to be the most effective chemical to get rid of veligers (planktonic larval form of quagga mussels) in the pipes. However, chlorine leaves a residue called trihalomethane, which is a carcinogen at higher concentrations. The purpose of this project is to test the effectiveness of an alternate chemical, chloramines (chlorine and ammonia), which leaves behind little to no residual trihalomethane. Upon experimentation with …

Regulation Of The Shigella Flexneri Icsp Gene And H-Ns Dependent Repression, Rosa Ojeda, Amanda Wigley, Dustin Harrison, Helen Wing

Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

The gram negative bacterium Shigella flexneri is known to cause dysentery in humans and primates. In order to help prevent the spread of shigellosis, gene regulation must be understood. Studies show that the virulence genes in S .flexneri are thermo regulated. At 30°C histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) represses transcription of virulence genes and at 37°C VirB derepresses virulence genes. One of the genes that contribute to the virulence of S. flexneri is icsP. My project focuses on the regulation of the S. flexneri icsP gene and has two main goals. The first is to identify the sequence of H-NS …

Colorectal Cancer (Crc) Vaccine Study: Aim 2 Internship Experience, Selasie Goka

Summer Training Program in Cancer Immunotherapy

Activities:

1. Conducted literature review

2. CRC vaccine study booklet and survey

3. Recruitment survey questionnaire

4. Prepare web-based decision counseling program

38 PowerPoint Slides.

Pathways To Sexual Risk Taking Among Female Adolescent Detainees, Vera Lopez, Albert M. Kopak, Alyssa G. Robillard, Mary Rogers Gillmore, Rhonda Conerly Holliday, Ronald L. Braithwaite

Faculty Publications

Sexual risk taking among female delinquents represents a significant public health problem. Research is needed to understand the pathways leading to sexual risk taking among this population. This study sought to address this issue by identifying and testing two pathways from child maltreatment to non-condom use among 329 White and 484 African American female adolescent detainees: a relational pathway and a substance use coping pathway. The relational pathway indicated that child maltreatment would be related to non-condom use via depressive self-concept and condom use self-efficacy. The substance use coping pathway suggested that depressive self-concept and alcohol-based expectancies for sexual enhancement …

The Health Status, Concerns, And Reform In Uruguay With An Emphasis On Health Promotion Programs Geared Towards The Care And Development Of The Country's Children And Adolescents, Melissa Raquel Ramírez

Honors Scholar Theses

This study was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay, where I examined the actions that the country and society as a whole, its various communities, the Uruguayan government, and the people take in order to prevent disease and promote a healthy society. An ethnographic experiential and evidence-based approach, including personal experience, interviews, and official government documents, was used to fully describe the way the system operates. Due to Uruguay's demographic characteristics, particular attention was paid to children and adolescents. For this thesis, Uruguay is described in terms of its history, physical and mental health issues, society's shared health concerns, and its vulnerable …

Latent Growth Modeling Of A Nutrition And Physical Activity Intervention, Alicia Dea Sample

Dissertations

The health, economic, and social impacts of physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary patterns are quite significant and evidenced by the fact that only 3-4% of American adults follow all the dietary advice recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA; Kohatsu, Robinson, & Torner, 2004), and specific subpopulations, including the rural South, are affected even more drastically (McCabe-Sellers et al., 2007). Furthermore, the majority of the people in the United States do not currently meet recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) and have not since the mid 1980s (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2008). To address the …

Gene By Bmi Interactions Influencing C-Reactive Protein Levels In European-Americans, Sarah Tudor

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker indicating tissue damage, inflammation, and infection. High-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) is an emerging biomarker often used to estimate an individual’s risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD). hsCRP levels falling below 1.00 mg/l indicate a low risk for developing CHD, levels ranging between 1.00 mg/l and 3.00 mg/l indicate an elevated risk, and levels exceeding 3.00 mg/l indicate high risk. Multiple Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified a number of genetic polymorphisms which influence CRP levels. SNPs implicated in such studies have been found in or near genes of interest including: CRP, APOE, APOC, IL-6, …

A Formative Evaluation For A Food Choices Intervention In A Mississippi Delta Community: A Focus Group Of Rural African American Adolescents, Jovan Chantrell Eugene Williams

Master's Theses

A needs assessment should be conducted to plan effective interventions. This study used a qualitative research approach to examine the eating patterns, food purchasing and preparation skills and practices, barriers and facilitators of dietary change, social and contextual influences on food choices, and preferences for communication and presentation channels and styles of low-income rural African American adolescents. Seven focus groups were conducted with a total of 33 participants, 21 girls and 12 boys, aged 13-18. Adolescents were grouped by age and gender. A moderator, who was trained in focus group methodology, conducted the session using a focus group discussion guide …

Association Study Of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms And Obesity In A Young Mexican-American Population From South Texas, Jorge Duran-Gonzalez, Ixiu Ortiz, Enrique Gonzales, Nicole Ruiz, Manti Ortiz, Arthur Gonzalez, Edna K. Sanchez, Eugenia Curet, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Anne R. Rentfro, Saraswathy Nair

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background and Aims

Obesity is increasingly a health problem and a risk factor for diabetes in young Mexican-American populations. Genetic association studies in older, mostly non-Hispanic populations have reported that polymorphisms in the candidate genes HSD11B1, CRP, ADIPOQ, PPARG, ANKK1, ABCC8 and SERPINF1 are associated with obesity or diabetes. We analyzed the polymorphisms rs846910, rs1205, rs1501299, rs1801282, rs1800497, rs757110 and rs1136287in these candidate genes, for association with obesity and metabolic traits in a young Mexican-American population from south Texas.

Methods

Genotyping of the seven common SNPs were performed by allelic discrimination assays in 448 unrelated Mexican Americans (median age = …

Heterogeneity, Control, Social Infrastructure, And Possibilities Of Participation: Their Interplay In Modern Understandings Of Heredity And In Interpretation Of Science, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers on Science in a Changing World

This working paper is a prospectus for research, writing, and engagement. It consists of vignettes, sketches of lines of inquiry, and proposals for engagement, all of which concern modern understandings of heredity and development over the life course as well as the social interpretation of science. The various items address a range of areas of science and of its interpretation: heritability studies, the social uses of genetic information, gene-by-environment interaction, personalized medicine, IQ paradoxes, racial group membership, biobanks, and life events and difficulties research. Fresh perspectives in these areas are opened up by examining the ways that research and application …

Characterization Of The Serologic Responses To Plasmodium Vivax Dbpii Variants Among Inhabitants Of Pursat Province, Cambodia, Samantha Jones Barnes

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (DBP) is the ligand in the major pathway for P. vivax invasion of human reticulocytes, making it an appealing vaccine candidate. Region II of DBP (DBP-RII) is the minimal portion of the ligand that mediates recognition of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC receptor) on the reticulocyte surface and constitutes the primary vaccine target. Analysis of natural variation in the coding sequences of DBP-RII revealed signature evidence for selective pressure driving variation in the residues of the putative receptor-binding site. We hypothesize that anti-DBP immunity in P. vivax infections is strain-specific and hindered …

College Within The College (Cwic) At Jefferson Medical College-Population Health, James Plumb Md, Mph, Rickie Brawer Phd, Mph, Abbie Santana Msph, Rob Simmons Drph, Mph, Mches, Cph, Nancy Chernett Ma, Mph

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Hpn Summer 2011 Download Full Pdf

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Toxic Chemicals Transported By Rail And Public Health Safety Using Gis In Montgomery County, Ohio, Jason Lipiec

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Hazardous chemicals transported by rail pass directly through urban cities and pose a safety and health threat to the community. Some of these chemicals can be in large quantities, extremely toxic, devastating to the environment and have the potential to cause mass casualties and death. Thousands of people could be in harm’s way. While there is always the possibility for accidental chemical release, they also have the potential to be used in acts of sabotage and terrorism. Evaluation of the rail line in Montgomery County, Ohio using standards in the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook using geographic information systems (GIS) at …

Cultural Conceptions Of Health, Caroline Stephens

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Healthcare is a complicated structure, influenced by multiple economic, social and cultural factors. It is problematic enough to determine how to administer healthcare in countries that rely only on the western healthcare system, but it is even more difficult in places such as Madagascar where multiple healthcare systems exist. Today the Malagasy have a culture that combines the many French practices with the traditional Malagasy beliefs, traditions and values. Many Malagasy chose to utilize allopathic medicine, but many others still prefer to go to a traditional healer. By gaining a better understanding of the average Malagasy person’s perceptions of proper …

Western Influence, Latent Racism, And Their Impact On Access To Health Care In Madagascar, Jessica Joy

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

While the Malagasy commemorate their Independence Day on June 26 as the day they were freed from colonization and allowed to function as their own country with their own cultures and practices, colonization and Western influence has left an indelible mark on Madagascar that continues to exert its power to this day, shaping Malagasy social behaviors, values, and lives. The introduction of the slave trade to Madagascar in the mid-1800s, as well as French colonization, has left behind a thriving latent and structural racism in the country; a Western ideal of beauty, made complete by its valorization of fair skin, …

Plants, People, And Partnership In Madagascar: How Pharmaceutical Companies And Bioprospecting Ventures Must And May Positively Benefit The Communities Whose Resources They Use, Rebecca Slotkin

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

For centuries, traditional medical practitioners around the world have understood the tremendous wealth of medicinal power that can be found in the natural environment. In Madagascar, traditional practitioners have both used and cared for their natural environment, which in turn has given them a wide array of medical knowledge. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “approximately 80% of the world’s inhabitants rely predominantly on traditional medicines for their primary health care” (Cao et al. 2009). Traditional medical knowledge has relatively recently come to the attention of the international medical market. This “recent ‘rediscovery’ of medicinally useful plants” (Sheldon et …

The Benefits Of Having An Integrated Health Care System In Madagascar, Elizabeth Miller

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

For my individual research, I wanted to look into all the benefits that could be offered by collaborating allopathic and traditional healthcare systems and how such a system is accomplished in Madagascar, in order to weigh and to discover the feasibility of using integrated healthcare systems as sustainable development in other parts of the world. Furthermore, as Madagascar sets the example in my research this summer, the use of traditional and modern medicine as an integrated health care system best serves the majority of the Malagasy population for several important reasons.

Serum Igf-1 Concentrations Change With Soy And Seaweed Supplements In Healthy Postmenopausal American Women, Jane Teas, Mohammad R. Irhimeh, Susan Druker, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert, Todd M. Savarese, Mindy S. Kurzer

Faculty Publications

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an anabolic hormone important for growth and development. However, high-circulating serum concentrations in adults are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Nutritional status and specific foods influence serum IGF-1 concentrations. Breast cancer incidence is typically low in Asian countries where soy is commonly consumed. Paradoxically, soy supplement trials in American women have reported significant increases in IGF-1. Seaweed also is consumed regularly in Asian countries where breast cancer risk is low. We investigated the possibility that seaweed could modify soy-associated increases in IGF-1 in American women. Thirty healthy postmenopausal women (mean age …

Medical Pluralism In Morocco: The Cultural, Religious, Historical And Political-Economic Determinants Of Health And Choice., Tyler Martinson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Morocco is a culturally diverse intersection between the African continent, the Arab world and Europe. This multiplicity is mirrored in the country’s pluralistic medical system and beliefs surrounding the concepts of illness and health. Explanations of health are endorsed by culturally specific knowledge and are then naturalized and taken as objective. A synthesis of theoretical descriptions and political-economic of medical pluralism, along with historical analysis, explains the presence of multiple health practices and how a person’s choice of medical practice is heavily influenced by dynamic socio-cultural, religious, historical, political and economic factors. This study will help improve practitioner/client narratives of …

Farmwork-Related Injury Among Farmers 50 Years Of Age And Older In Kentucky And South Carolina: A Cohort Study, 2002-2005, Jennifer L. Marcum, Steven R. Browning, Deborah B. Reed, Richard Charnigo

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Farmers in the U.S. are becoming more diverse; the average age of the farmer is increasing, as is the number of women and minority farm operators. There is limited research on injury risk factors in these special populations of farmers. It is especially important to study the risk factors for injury in these growing and at-risk groups. A longitudinal survey was conducted of farmers (n = 1,394) age 50 and older who resided in Kentucky and South Carolina. The questionnaire was administered by telephone and mail surveys four times between 2002 and 2005 to the fixed cohort of farmers, obtained …

Pengembangan Instrumen Sumber Daya Rumah Sakit Dengan Pendekatan Systematic Review Terintegrasi Manajemen Bencana Dan Pandemi Influenza, Agus Suswandono, Wiku Adisasmito, Dewi Nur Aisyah

Kesmas

Pandemi influenza yang terjadi sejak tahun 2009 dan berbagai kejadian bencana karena kondisi geografis Indonesia membutuhkan integrasi komponen sumber daya rumah sakit terintegrasi untuk mengatasi bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen sumber daya rumah sakit menggunakan data Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan (Risfaskes) 2011 yang memuat komponen terkait manajemen bencana dan pandemi influenza. Instrumen ini dikembangkan dengan prinsip Client Oriented Research Activity, studi literatur serta diskusi pakar dan tim ahli di tingkat lokal dan nasional. Instrumen ini kemudian diintegrasikan ke dalam manajemen bencana dan pandemi influenza dengan pendekatan systematic review. Dalam integrasi ini, instrumen asli mengalami beberapa modifikasi menghasilkan 49 halaman …

Using Leadership To Address The Problem Of Obesity In The Workplace, Amber Colston

Florida Public Health Review

Obesity is a growing epidemic that affects more and more Americans every year. With the majority ofAmerican adults in the workforce, obesity plays a large part in healthcare costs, absenteeism, and “presenteeism.” Because ofthe large amount oftime adults spend in the workplace, using this setting as an intervention point for healthy lifestyle change could greatly reduce the prevalence of obesity. This paper will review factors that have contributed to the problem of obesity in the workplace, namely the factors at each ofthe five levels ofthe Social Ecology ofHealth Model. Then using leadership frameworks, such as that of Transformational Leadership, this …

A Leadership Solution To Workplace Stress, Monica L. Rousseau

Florida Public Health Review

Sources of stress can be found nearly everywhere: in school, at home, in traffic, and maybe most importantly –in the workplace. Chronic workplace stress, also known as “burnout”, has been linked with both psychological and physiological illnesses. As most Americans spend about halfoftheir waking hours at work, the workplace is an excellent location to evaluate specific risk factors and implement stress reducing programs. Although a number ofsuch programs are currently in practice, the majority ofthem only offer techniques and coping mechanisms to individuals already exhibiting some, or several, ofthe many severe symptoms ofchronic stress. The purpose ofthis paper is to …

Prostate Cancer Screening: Leadership Implications, Dorothy D. Zeviar

Florida Public Health Review

TheepidemiologyofprostatecancerintheAfricanAmericanpopulationiswell-knowntohealthcarepractitioners; prostate cancer disproportionately impacts African American men 2:1 compared to Caucasian men. The Prostate Cancer Foundation hypothesizes that the increased mortality risk may be due to delayed diagnosis, poor work-up, and less complete treatment, indicating inequitable use of the health care system. The National Cancer Institute suggests that availability of health insurance and physician contact may increase screening and thus, reduce cancer mortality. Because health behaviors and health outcomes are impacted at five different levels according to the Social Ecology Model ofhealth – intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and social/policy levels – this report proposes that a Collaborative Leadership model …

Perflurorochemical (Pfc) Exposure In Children: Associations With Impaired Response Inhibition, Brooks B. Gump, Qian Wu, Amy K. Dumas, Kurunthachalam Kannan

Falk College Research Center

Background: Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have been used widely in consumer products since the 1950s and are currently found at detectable levels in the blood of humans and animals across the globe. In stark contrast to this widespread exposure to PFCs, there is relatively little research on potential adverse health effects of exposure to these chemicals.Objectives: We performed this cross-sectional study to determine if specific blood PFC levels are associated with impaired response inhibition in children. Methods: Blood levels of 11 PFCs were measured in children (N = 83) and 6 PFCs: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), …

Caractérisation Des Poussières Dans Le Secteur Des Assaisonnements Alimentaires, Brigitte Roberge, Simon Aubin, Yves Cloutier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les épices et les herbes aromatiques contiennent des substances organiques - nommées également substances actives - pouvant causer des irritations ou ayant un potentiel allergène pour la peau et pour le système respiratoire. De 1995 à 2007, la CSST a indemnisé 9 cas d’asthme survenus dans le secteur des autres industries de produits alimentaires qui comprennent notamment la production d’assaisonnements. Les auteurs ont caractérisé les poussières dans l’air d’établissements de fabrication de mélanges d’assaisonnement à base d’épices et d’herbes aromatiques en termes de poussières totales, de fractions inhalable et respirable ainsi que la granulométrie des poussières générées lors de diverses …