Digital Commons Network^™

Disparities In Health And Well-Being Among Latinos In Washington Heights/Inwood, 2000–2005, Ana Motta-Moss

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

Introduction: This report analyzes how well the residents of Washington Heights/Inwood (WH/IN) have fared on selected health indicators set forth by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygene between 2000 and 2005.

Methods: Data on Latinos and other racial/ethnic groups were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, reorganized for public use by the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, IPUMSusa. Cases in the dataset were weighted and analyzed to produce population estimates.

Results: Immigrant families in particular face a multitude of health concerns, as well as specific barriers to accessing health care services. The socioeconomic and …

Recruiting New Members, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

The Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science took place in New York City from May 25 to May 28, 2006. We attended the convention and had a number of goals that we wanted to accomplish: assume a position on the graduate student board, present at a poster session, attend various conference events, and recruit conferees for the Society for Occupational Health Psychology. It is the last goal about which we are writing. We hope that this article will help our SOHP colleagues recruit, at some future time, new members for our organization.

Brief Note From The Editor, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Accident Denominators Relative To Age Groups In Heavy Industries Of The Port Hedland Region Of Western Australia, John R. Bottrell

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The aim of this research is to investigate characteristics of accident denominators across age groups in mining and associated process industries in the Port Hedland region of Western Australia. Emphasis has been focussed on comparing young, inexperienced groups with older, more experienced groups. A literature review revealed some key contributors to accidents among younger workers, in particular, those who had only recently entered the workforce. The review also revealed contributors impacting accidents regarding other age groups over a wide range of industry types. From these findings an accident construct model and questionnaire were designed to identify contributing and mitigating denominators …

Utilization Of Health And Medical Services: Factors Influencing Health Care Seeking Behaviour And Unmet Health Needs In Rural Areas Of Kenya, Trish Prosser

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

There are many factors that influence health and health care seeking. Although many of these factors are similar across populations, exactly how they interact and influence the actions of people is often unique to a population in the context of the environment they live in. The current study, a population-based cross sectional survey, identifies three specific geographically diverse populations in rural areas of Kenya, to gain information regarding overall influences on health care seeking, and also information specific to each geographical area to directly target the health needs of the individual population living there. Participants of the survey were interviewed …

Effects Of Family Factors On The Development Of Alcohol-Related Problems Among Males From Pre-Adolescence To Adulthood

Florida Public Health Review

Alcohol use is a leading risk factor in suicides, homicides and unintentional injuries (including motor vehicle crashes and drownings) among adolescents, and is associated with adolescent health risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, and risky sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine if family factors would predict alcohol-related problems as the study cohort transitioned into young adulthood, and to determine if early alcohol use remained a significant influence on the development of alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. Results of the analyses indicate that three of the family factors measured in mid-adolescence were statistically significant …

Be Headsmart® Seniors! -- The Effectiveness Of A Psychoeducational Fall And Consequential Injury Prevention Program

Florida Public Health Review

This study tested the utility of the Be HeadSmart® Seniors! fall prevention intervention, HeadSmartz, a Cranium Challenge, in the promotion of safety improvement behavior change. It employed a quasi-experimental two-group design. Of the 106 individuals included in this study, 64 received the intervention and 42 only received the safety brochure. The Cranium Challenge is an interactive, visual, and auditory program based upon the popular board game CraniumTM. This game stimulated various parts of the participant’s brain verbally, through trivia questions and word games, visually, or by humming, whistling, or playing charades. The presentation included trivia questions created in a PowerPoint …

The Qingdao Twin Registry: A Focus On Chronic Disease Research, C. Anderson Johnson, Zengchang Pang, Feng Ning, Jennifer B. Unger, Shaojie Wang, Qian Guo, Weihua Cao, Liming Lee

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

With the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality in China, noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the major threats to the health of the Chinese population. The causes of chronic diseases include genetic factors and behavioral risk factors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and lack of physical activity. Twin studies offer a unique opportunity to disentangle the genetic and environmental risk and protective factors for chronic disease. The Qingdao Twin Registry (QTR) was initiated in 1998 as part of the National Chinese Twin Registry. Over 11,000 pairs of twins and multiples of all …

Objectively Measured Physical Activity In Sixth-Grade Girls, Russell R. Pate, June Stevens, Charlotte Pratt, James F. Sallis, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Larry S. Webber, Gregory J. Welk, Deborah Rohm Young

Faculty Publications

Objectives - To describe the objectively-measured physical activity (PA) characteristics of a diverse sample of 6^th grade girls to examine influences on PA, and to report compliance with PA guidelines.

Design - Cross-sectional study.

Setting - Six locations across the United States.

Participants - 1578 6^th grade girls. Actigraph accelerometers were worn for 7 days, and data for 6 days were included in the analyses.

Main exposure - Race/ethnicity, free-or-reduced price lunch (FRPL), and geographic region.

Main outcome measure - Six operational definitions of adequate activity (60 min or 30 min of daily MVPA at or above 4.6, …

The Effects Of Existential Attribution And Religiousness/Spirituality On Well-Being In Hiv Patients, Amy N. Huggins-Rieke

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

HIV is a serious illness that has received considerable attention in research literature addressing the implications of religiousness/spirituality on coping with this illness. Past research indicates that an individual's level of guilt over having contracted HIV is associated with feelings of stigmatization and suffering, which can influence his 111 or her wellbeing in coping with the illness. The current study seeks to investigate the relationship between feelings of responsibility for illness (attributions) and engagement with religiousness/spiritual meaning as a coping resource. It is hypothesized that the use of existential attribution will moderate the relationship between an individual's religiousness/spirituality and his …

Medicare And Mental Health: The Fundamentals, Christopher Loftis, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper provides a review of mental health coverage in the Medicare program. It examines the prevalence of mental disorders among Medicare beneficiaries, treatment available through Medicare, and the cost of such treatment. A brief summary of relevant policy issues is provided, including Medicare’s outpatient mental health limitation and the potential effect of the prescription drug benefit on the provision of mental health services.

The Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy: Final Report, The Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

On November 16, 2005, the Legislative Commission unanimously voted to approve hiring the Nevada Institute for Children’s Research and Policy (NICRP), School of Public Health, UNLV to study and evaluate governmental entities and private facilities that have physical custody of children pursuant to a court order and other public entities that provide for the care and supervision of children in the State of Nevada. The study included three primary components. The first component involved an analysis of the guidelines, protocols, policies and procedures of these entities/facilities which affect the health, safety, welfare, treatment and civil or other rights of children …

Studi Kasus : Evaluasi Sistem Penanggulangan Kebakaran Pt. Indogravure, Theresia Audrey Angela

Kesmas

Kebakaran yang terjadi tak terduga akibat kelalaian manusia dan kondisi lingkungan dapat menyebabkan kerugian materi dan fisik serta rasa khawatiran yang menurunklan kondisi kerja. Kebakaran dapat terjadi akibat aliran listrik hubungan singkat, gesekan rol mesin dan gesekan mekanis mesin sehingga perlu diamati secara ketat. Oleh sebab itu, tiap bangunan dan tempat kerja perlu memiliki fasilitas dan tim penanggulangan kebakaran yang memadai. Sebagai perusahaan industri percetakan pembungkus produk, PT. Indogravure (PTI) mengolah bahan unsur kimia dan plastik yang mudah terbakar, antara lain adalah bahan cair (tinta, lem, solar dan bahan bakar) dan bahan padat (plastik, kertas dan besi). PTI memiliki sistem …

Stress, Coping, Social Support, And Prostate Cancer Risk Among Older African American And Caucasian Men, Ann L. Coker, Maureen Sanderson, Gary L. Ellison, Mary Kay Fadden

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Objectives: While psychosocial stress and high effort coping have been associated with reduced immune function, no epidemiologic study has addressed psychological stress and risk of prostate cancer. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the association between stress, coping, social support, and risk of prostate cancer among older men (age 65–79 years). Design: Population-based case-control study in South Carolina.

Participants: Cases were 400 incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer cases identified through the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2001 (70.6% response rate). Controls were 385 men identified through the 1999 Health Care Financing Administration Medicare beneficiary file …

Health And Needs Assessment Of Geriatric Patients: Results Of A Survey At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Hammad Ashraf Ganatra, Sarah Tehseen, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the health and needs of geriatric patients

Methods: A questionnaire based survey of patients visiting the out-patient department of Aga Khan University was carried out. Ethical requirements were met and included administration of informed consent and provision of confidentiality to patients. Convenience sampling was used without any randomization for interviews. Epi-info and SPSS software were used for data management.

Results: Four hundred and two (402) subjects above the age of 65 were surveyed. Most of the subjects were retired (40.5%) married (76.4%) men (69.7%). Ages ranged from 65 to 90 years, the mean being 70.57 years and …

The Development Of Weaning Practices Among Women Of The Mombasa District, Its Effects On Children’S Public Health Issues, And The Proposition Of Intervention Plans, Rachael Bryan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Breastfeeding is an unparalleled way of providing nourishment for the infant child in the first few years of life. A large body of literature supports that exclusive breastfeeding is optimal for the first 6 months of life, while complementary foods should be introduced in the diet 6 months and beyond. Mothers who inadequately wean their children are defined as having introduced complementary foods prior to 6 months post-natal age. The inclusive purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of inadequate weaning practices among patients and mothers of patients of the Muslim Education and Welfare Association Medical Centre (MMC) …

Individual Responsibility Concerning Hiv Transmission Among Msm: A Comparative Study Of The Effectiveness Of Ngo Intervention Policies And Their Practical Applications Within The United Kingdom, Australia, And The Netherlands, Martha Kienbaum

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study investigates the complexities involved in utilizing the terms of individual responsibility for the construction of HIV prevention campaigns that target men who have sex with men. Four health workers in the Netherlands were interviewed about their personal opinions regarding HIV intervention, and these interviews were analyzed qualitatively for their points of comparison and contrast. Then, campaign materials from organizations in the United Kingdom and Australia were analyzed for their use of the language of responsibility, their portrayal of MSM, their balance between promoting disclosure and communication, their focus on individual groups within the MSM community, and their overall …

Girls' Perception Of Physical Environmental Factors And Transportation: Reliability And Association With Physical Activity And Active Transport To School, Kelly R. Evenson, Amanda Birnbaum, Ariane L. Bedimo-Rung, James Sallis, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Kimberly Ring, John P. Elder

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Preliminary evidence suggests that the physical environment and transportation are associated with youth physical activity levels. Only a few studies have examined the association of physical environmental factors on walking and bicycling to school. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to examine the test-retest reliability of a survey designed for youth to assess perceptions of physical environmental factors (e.g. safety, aesthetics, facilities near the home) and transportation, and (2) to describe the associations of these perceptions with both physical activity and active transport to school.

Methods

Test and retest surveys, administered a median of 12 days later, …

Promoting Physical Activity In Children And Youth: A Leadership Role For Schools: A Scientific Statement From The American Heart Association Council On Nutrition, Physical Activity, And Metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) In Collaboration With The Councils On Cardiovascular Disease In The Young And Cardiovascular Nursing, Russell R. Pate, Michael G. Davis, Thomas N. Robinson, Elaine J. Stone, Thomas L. Mckenzie, Judith C. Young

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Causal Inference In Hybrid Intervention Trials Involving Treatment Choice, Qi Long, Rod Little, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Methods For Estimating The Causal Effect Of A Treatment In Randomized Clinical Trials Subject To Noncompliance, Rod Little, Qi Long, Xihong Lin

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Body Image And Weight Related Behaviors: The Role Of Gender, Ethnicity, And Immigration, Tina Hoover

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Obesity rates have aggressively climbed in both children and adults, and notably for particular ethnic and lower socioeconomic status groups. National data from 1999-2002 have shown that approximately one-half of African-American women were obese, as compared to one-third of Caucasian women. It has been substantiated that a significant portion of overweight or obese children will become obese adults, with a number of factors identified that may influence obesity in children including gender, ethnicity, and environment. This study analyzed secondary data from The Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Survey administered to students at BGHS to identify variations in body image for particular …

Factors Affecting Condom Use Among College Students, Amar Kanekar

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The absence of consistent and correct usage of condoms increases the risk of STI's and HIV/AIDS. However, most studies done to date across the nation indicate a low usage of condoms among college students. In fall of 2004, the National College Health Assessment was administered to a random sample of students at a state comprehensive university in south central Kentucky. Findings revealed that among the sexually active students, approximately half never used condoms during vaginal intercourse. Further among students engaging in anal sex, an alarmingly high proportion --95%- reported never using condom during this act. These findings along with differences …

College Students And Gambling: Gauging The Effects Of Gender On Impulse Control, Sensation Seeking, And Mental Health As Predictors Of Involvement, Terry D. Burger

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The main purpose of the current study was to enhance the global understanding of adolescent Internet gambling involvement by examining rates of participation and the influence of impulse control, sensation seeking, and mental health problems as predictors of involvement. In addition to a demographic survey to gather information including year in school, age, gender, mode of gambling participation (online vs. traditional venues), age gambling participation began (for both non-Internet and Internet modes), disposable income, and hours spent online each week, the current research study questionnaire was comprised of a three standardized instruments: {a) the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS); (b) …

Determinants Of Long-Term Care Service Utilization By Mexican-American Family Caregivers, Angelica P. Herrera

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Objectives: Participation in long-term care services may prevent the deterioration of family caregivers' mental and physical health, yet research suggests that Latino caregivers may forego using long-term care services in the absence of other barriers to long-term care use (e.g., lack of insurance).

Methods: An adapted version of the Andersen Model of Health Care Service Utilization served as a framework for examining familism, acculturation, gender roles, religiosity, and knowledge and perceptions about long-term care, as potential determinants of long-term care service use, alongside other factors known for their association with long-term care use (e.g. functional status of care recipient, caregiver …

Examining The Structural Covariates Of Methamphetamine Use: A Social Disorganization Perspective, Justin Smith

Masters Theses

There have been many anecdotal accounts describing the characteristics of individuals involved in methamphetamine use, trafficking and production. However, prior to the current study there was yet to be a macro-level analysis of methamphetamine use. The extant macro-level literature on drug use has suggested that areas with high levels of social disorganization experience high rates of drug use. It was expected that school-districts with low SES and high rates of ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability and family disruption will experience high rates of methamphetamine use. In addition, it was expected that rural school districts would show higher rates than urban and …

Investigating Mediation When Counterfactuals Are Not Metaphysical: Does Sunlight Uvb Exposure Mediate The Effect Of Eyeglasses On Cataracts?, Brian Egleston, Daniel O. Scharfstein, Beatriz Munoz, Sheila West

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

We investigate the degree to which a reduction in ocular sunlight ultra-violet B (UVB) exposure mediates a relationship between wearing eyeglasses and a decreased risk of cataracts. An estimand is proposed in which causal effects are estimated locally within strata based on potential UVB exposure without glasses and the degree to which glasses use reduces UVB exposure. We take advantage of the structure of the data in which the counterfactual UVB exposures if the participants in the study who wore glasses had not worn glasses are considered observable.

Measuring The Influence Of Built Neighborhood Environments On Walking In Older Adults, Yvonne L. Michael, Tracey Beard, Dongseok Choi, Stephanie Farquhar, Nichole Carlson

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Examined the degree of association between perceived and objective characteristics of the neighborhood environment and the relation of each type of measurement to neighborhood walking in older adults. Participants included 105 adults aged 65-92 (mean age 75.1) from 10 neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon, participating in Senior Health and Physical Exercise (SHAPE), a randomized walking intervention. Neighborhoods were stratified by a "walking friendliness" ranking variable. This variable was derived for each neighborhood based on available social and environmental data that were hypothesized to correlate with walking and physical activity: high income, high older adult population density, high proportion of white residents, …

Clark County Child Death Review: 2006 Annual Report, Nevada Institute For Children’S Research And Policy

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The primary goal of all Child Death Review Teams is to prevent future child deaths. The child death review process enables jurisdictions to come together in a collaborative, multidisciplinary forum to openly discuss detailed circumstances in an effort to gain a better understanding of child deaths. The team provides a venue for representatives from a variety of both public and private agencies as well as community organizations to share information in a confidential and non-threatening environment. The National Center for Child Death Review (hereinafter, National Center), which is supported by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the U.S. Department …

New Senior Scholars

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.