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Indicadores De Maduracion Sexual Y Su Relacion Con Indices De Masa Corporal (Imc) Y Habitos De Alimentacion En Escolares Femeninas De Arica, Chile, Melissa Colden

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The basis of this investigation came from recent evidence that the age of puberty, specifically with respect to young girls, has fallen notably in the past decade. This trend exists in Chile, as well as other countries such as the United States, and has presented itself alongside a portentous epidemic of obesity and malnutrition. Knowing the risks of both disorders, and how their affects have already been manifested in the adolescent population in Chile and the city of Arica, this study sought to develop a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pubertal development, including the appearance of secondary sexual …

Electrocardiographic Abnormalities Among Mexican Americans: Correlations With Diabetes, Obesity, And The Metabolic Syndrome, Saulette R. Queen, Beverly Smulevitz, Anne R. Rentfro, Kristina Vatcheva, David D. Mcpherson, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Joseph B. Mccormick, Susan T. Laing

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Resting ischemic electrocardiographic abnormalities have been associated with cardiovascular mortality. Simple markers of abnormal autonomic tone have also been associated with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in some populations. Data on these electrocardiographic abnormalities and correlations with coronary risk factors are lacking among Mexican Americans wherein these conditions are prevalent.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalent resting electrocardiographic abnormalities among community-dwelling Mexican Americans, and correlate these findings with coronary risk factors, particularly diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Study subjects (n=1280) were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort comprised of community-dwelling Mexican Americans living …

Social, Structural And Behavioral Determinants Of Overall Health Status In A Cohort Of Homeless And Unstably Housed Hiv-Infected Men, Elise D. Riley, Torsten B. Neilands, Kelly Moore, Jennifer Cohen, David Bangsberg, Diane Havler

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Previous studies indicate multiple influences on the overall health of HIV-infected persons; however, few assess and rank longitudinal changes in social and structural barriers that are disproportionately found in impoverished populations. We empirically ranked factors that longitudinally impact the overall health status of HIV-infected homeless and unstably housed men.

Methods and Findings: Between 2002 and 2008, a cohort of 288 HIV+ homeless and unstably housed men was recruited and followed over time. The population was 60% non-Caucasian and the median age was 41 years; 67% of study participants reported recent drug use and 20% reported recent homelessness. At baseline, …

Medicines That Kill, Lina Ahmed Abushouk

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

The prevalence of counterfeit drugs on the African continent has been increasing at an alarming rate. “Medicines that Kill” is a research paper that attempts to analyze the factors that make African countries particularly susceptible to this global threat. Nigeria, a country that has had some of the highest rates of counterfeit drugs in the world, is the main case study for this paper. Its efforts to combat the issue are compared and contrasted with those of Tanzania and Kenya in an attempt to understand what aspects of the issue are unique to Africa and the methods that have been …

Physical Activity Effects On Depressive Symptoms In Black Adults, Elisa R. Torres, Carolyn M. Sampselle, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, David L. Ronis, Harold W. Neighbors

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objectives: Randomized trials found physical activity (PA) effective in decreasing depressive symptoms. Few studies included Black participants. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine the effects of PA on depressive symptoms in Black adults. Methods: Articles were abstracted by conducting a computer and hand search of eligible studies. Results: Eight of 13 studies found a significant inverse relationship between PA and depressive symptoms in Black adults. Sources for the heterogeneity were explored. Conclusion: Future studies should include representative samples of Black adults, incorporate a theory which considers multiple levels of influence, account for genetic factors in the …

Walking Increases Among African American Adults Following A Community-Based Physical Activity Intervention: Racial And Ethnic Approaches To Community Health, 2002–2005, I. W. Miles, J. Kruger, Y. Liao, S. A. Carlson, J. E. Fulton

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) 2010, a communitybased program, is a cornerstone of CDC’s efforts to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities. Six African American REACH sites implemented walking interventions as part of their plans to decrease health disparities. We evaluated changes in walking using annual evaluation assessments (2002–2005) from the REACH 2010 Risk Factor Survey. Walking was classified 3 ways: (1) any walking (≥ 10 minutes per week); (2) regular walking (≥ 30 minutes each day, ≥ 5 days per week); and (3) median minutes of walking per week. Any walking increased from 68.3% in 2002 …

Integrating Viral Hepatitis Screening And Prevention Services Into An Urban Chemical Dependency Treatment Facility For American Indians And Alaska Natives, Shelly Huffman, Rachel Brucker, John T. Redd, Maile Taualii, Cecile M. Town, Mei L. Castor, Crystal C. Tetrick, Ralph Forquera, Joanna Buffington

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) patients at an urban residential chemical dependency treatment center participated in a viral hepatitis prevention project. Project activities integrated into patients’ treatment programs included viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factor screening, education and counseling, laboratory testing, and hepatitis A and B vaccination. Of 928 AI/AN admissions, 585 (63%) completed risk factor screening assessment. Of these, 436 (75%) received at least one vaccination, viral hepatitis testing, or both. Of 322 patients tested, 91 (28%) were hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive. Lack of pre-existing immunity to vaccine-preventable viral hepatitis infection was common: 132 (45%) …

"You Have To Have Children To Be Happy:" Exploring Beliefs About Reproduction With Burmese Refugee Women In The United States, Kara E. Mcginnis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Burmese refugees are entering the US at record speed. Resettlement agencies focus on immediate needs, and ethnic community-based organizations (ECBOs) fill any service gaps through community-driven programs. The Tampa Bay Burmese Council (TBBC) is an ECBO in Tampa, FL dedicated to the Burmese community. This research explores the reproductive beliefs of the women in the community, paying particular attention to any differences that arise due to beliefs specific to their ethnic group. Findings include the importance of menses for women's health, the preference for both male and female children, a lack of knowledge about family planning methods, a tendency to …

Individual And Social Determinants Of Multiple Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors Among Youth, Arsham Alamian, Gilles Paradis

ETSU Faculty Works

BACKGROUND: Behavioral risk factors are known to co-occur among youth, and to increase risks of chronic diseases morbidity and mortality later in life. However, little is known about determinants of multiple chronic disease behavioral risk factors, particularly among youth. Previous studies have been cross-sectional and carried out without a sound theoretical framework.

METHODS: Using longitudinal data (n = 1135) from Cycle 4 (2000-2001), Cycle 5 (2002-2003) and Cycle 6 (2004-2005) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a nationally representative sample of Canadian children who are followed biennially, the present study examines the influence of a set of …

The Positive Role Of Breastfeeding On Infant Health During The First 6 Weeks: Findings From A Prospective Observational Study Based On Maternal Reports, Roslyn Tarrant, Margaret Sheridan-Pereira, Katherine Younger, John Kearney

Articles

This study aimed to report on adverse infant and maternal clinical outcomes, and investigate the relationship between infant feedingpractice and such adverse clinical outcomes in infants during the first 6 weeks postpartum. From an eligible sample of 450 motherterminfant pairs recruited from the Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital in Dublin, 27.1% of infants (n=122) werematernally reported to have had an illness during the first 6 weeks that necessitated the provision of prescribed medication ± generalpractitioner/paediatrician attendance ± hospitalisation. Of these, 90 infants had ≥1 episode of infection ± viral ± gastro-intestinalrelatedcondition. After adjustment, ‘any’ breastfeeding to 6 weeks was …

Fibrinogen, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) And Outcomes In Two United States Cohorts, Deepa Valvi, David M. Mannino, Hana Müllerova, Ruth Tal-Singer

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen is a marker of systemic inflammation and may be important in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS: We used baseline data from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health Studies to determine the relation between fibrinogen levels and COPD and to examine how fibrinogen levels at baseline affected outcomes of death, development of COPD, lung function decline, and COPD-hospitalizations.

RESULTS: Our study sample included 20,192 subjects, of whom 2995 died during the follow-up period. The mean fibrinogen level was 307.6 mg/dL and 10% of the sample had levels >393.0 mg/dL. Subjects with Stage …

Evaluation Of Urinary Pesticide Biomarkers Among A Sample Of The Population In The United States, Alex Lance Lebeau

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Pesticide use in the United States continues to attract negative public attention. In recent years, this attention has focused on the effects that chronic, low-level pesticides may have, especially on children and various sub-populations. Over the past decade, studies have attempted to correlate negative health effects with detections of pesticide biomarkers in biological media. The current research investigates biomarker of exposure levels in a sample of the United States population. Data from the 2001-2002 NHANES dataset (n=11,039) was evaluated. The detection frequency of urinary biomarkers of exposure and the geometric mean from the NHANES pesticide dataset (n=3,152) were determined. Of …

Protecting Pakistan's Health During The Global Economic Crisis, Rashid Jooma, A Khan, A A. Khan

Section of Neurosurgery

The world is facing an unprecedented global economic crisis, with many countries needing to reconsider their level of health care spending. This paper explores the many consequences of the global economic turndown on Pakistan's health, including reduced government and donor spending and increased poverty with the consequent diversion of funds away from health. Nevertheless, these challenges may provide opportunities not only to mitigate the adverse effects of the economic crisis but also to institute some much-needed reforms that may not receive political support during more affluent times. Our suggestions focus on setting priorities based on the national disease burden, prioritizing …

Physical Activity Levels Of Adolescent Girls During Dance Classes, Jennifer R. O'Neill, Russell R. Pate, Michael W. Beets

Faculty Publications

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the physical activity levels of girls during dance classes and to identify factors associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in those classes. Methods: Participants were 137 girls (11 to 18 years-old) enrolled in ballet, jazz, or tap dance classes from 11 dance studios. Participants wore an accelerometer during the selected dance class on 2 separate days. Factors hypothesized to be associated with MVPA were dance style, instructional level, instructor's experience, percent of class time spent in choreography, and participants' age, race/ethnicity, BMI-for-age percentile, and years of dance training. Data were analyzed …

Factors Affecting Parents Misperception Of Overweight Or Obesity In Their Children, Carol Barnes Reid

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Treating overweight children may be more difficult when parents themselves do not correctly recognize their child’s weight status (Camell, Edwards, Croker, Boniface, & Wardle, 2005 Boniface, & Wardle, 2005). While it is a commonly held belief in some cultures that overweight children are healthy, incorrectly assessing overweight in very young children results in unfavorable weight development throughout childhood (Kroje, Struthman, & Gunther, 2006). This is due to the increased likelihood that parents may not take the condition of obesity in their child as being serious, or they may fail to seek or accept professional help in correcting the problem …

Firearms, Youth Homicide, And Public Health, Robert S. Levine, Irwin Goldzweig, Barbara Kilbourne, Paul Juarez

Sociology Faculty Research

Homicide is seven times as common among U.S. non-Hispanic Black as among non-Hispanic White youth ages 15 to 24 years. In 83% of these youth homicides, the murder weapon is a firearm. Yet, for more than a decade, the national public health position on youth violence has been largely silent about the role of firearms, and tools used by public health professionals to reduce harm from other potential hazards have been unusable where guns are concerned. This deprives already underserved populations from the full benefits public health agencies might be able to deliver. In part, political prohibitions against research about …

Health In All Policies (Hiap): How Can We Make It Work?

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Hp Newsletter Winter 2012 Download Full Pdf

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Older Americans Act Of 1965: Programs And Funding, Carol O'Shaughnessy

National Health Policy Forum

This document offers a basic description of the Older Americans Act of 1965. The Act is considered the major vehicle for promoting the delivery of social services to the aging population. The Act's seven titles and multiple programs are described, along with a chart showing fiscal year 2012 federal appropriations.

Dog Ownership During Pregnancy, Maternal Activity, And Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study, Carri Westgarth, Jihong Liu, Jon Heron, Andrew R. Ness, Peter Bundred, Rosalind M. Gaskell, Alexander J. German, Sandra Mccune, Susan Dawson

Faculty Publications

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an observational study of 14273 UK pregnant singleton mothers in 1990/1991. We examined outcomes of self report of strenuous activity (hours per week) at 18 and 32 weeks of gestation, hours spent in leisure-time physical activities and types, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI); overweight status was defined as pre-pregnancy BMI$25 and obesity BMI$30. Pet ownership and activity data were reported for 11,466 mothers. Twenty-five percent of mothers owned at least one dog. There was a positive relationship between participation in activity at least once a week and dog ownership …

Childhood Obesity And Restrictions Of Parental Liberty. A Response To "Paternalism, Obesity, And Tolerable Levels Of Risk", Kristin Voigt

Democracy & Education

This paper responds to Michael Merry’s recent contribution on childhood obesity. Merry’s analysis highlights the difficulties in finding an appropriate balance between children’s and parents’ interests in antiobesity interventions and emphasizes the importance of weight stigma and its effects on the obesity debate. He concludes by recommending both a greater focus on policies that address society's contribution to childhood obesity and a greater involvement of obese individuals in the policy debate. This response focuses on three points. First, a more explicit recognition of parents’ interests can support the case for the kinds of policies Merry has in mind. Second, while …

Effective Leadership To Alter School Food Environments And Improve Public Health, Philip R. Mcnab

Florida Public Health Review

Multiple studies show that many children and adolescents in the United States are overweight or at risk for overweight; moreover, the numbers are still rising. Contributing to the problem is the fact that schoolchildren, on average, are eating too much fast food and well below the recommended amounts offruits and vegetables. From a public health perspective, these are severe problems, as they have been associated with diseases such as heart stroke and heart disease. Not surprisingly, school food environments, which are often saturated with low-nutrient energy-dense foods, are not helping matters and need to be altered. Interventions involving nutrition education …

Not Just A Mother’S Decision: A Multifactorial Exploration Of Low Breastfeeding Rates In African American Women, Mackenzie R. Tewell

Florida Public Health Review

The benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and newborns are well established. Yet, black women in the U.S. consistently have the lowest rates ofbreastfeeding initiation and duration. Utilizing the various levels ofthe Social Ecological Model, this paper explores the factors that are thought to be responsible for this disparity. Poverty, a lack of resources, and societal disapproval weigh heavily upon already strained intrapersonal relationships where social support is severely lacking. Familial influence proves pivotal in a mother’s decision ofwhether or not to breastfeed. The role ofWIC clinics are also examined as a source of intervention, though literature demonstrates women receive …

Kentucky Worksite Wellness Tax Credit: A Health Impact Assessment, Cecilia M. Watkins, T. Lovely

Public Health Faculty Publications

The purpose of the assessment was to evaluate the potential effects of a worksite wellness tax credit on three main areas of concern for Kentucky: (!) nutrition, physical activity and obesity levels of children whose parents receive Worksite Wellness services, (2) jobs and (3) social cohesion.

Effect Of Nutrition Changes On Foods Selected By Students In A Middle School-Based Diabetes Prevention Intervention Program: The Healthy Experience, Connie Mobley, Diane D. Stadler, Myrlene A. Staten, Laure El Ghormli, Bonnie Gillis, Jill Hartstein, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, Amy Virus, Healthy Study Group

GW Biostatistics Center

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of A 3-Year After-School Obesity Prevention Program In Elementary School Children, Zenong Yin, Justin B. Moore, Maribeth H. Johnson, Marlo M. Vernon, Bernard Gutin

Faculty Publications

Background: Children tend to be sedentary during the after-school hours, and this has deleterious effects on their health. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a 3-year after-school physical activity (PA) program, without restriction of dietary energy intake, on percent body fat (%BF), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic markers in children.

Methods: A cluster randomization design was employed. A total of 574 3^rd grade children from 18 elementary schools in the south-eastern United States participated. The intervention consisted of 80 minutes of age-appropriate moderate-to-vigorous PA each school day. The main outcomes of interest were …

Effect Of Different Doses Of Aerobic Exercise On Total White Blood Cell (Wbc) And Wbc Subfraction Number In Postmenopausal Women: Results From Drew, Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, William D. Johnson, Vishwa D. Dixit, Conrad P. Earnest, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church

Faculty Publications

Background: Elevated total white blood cell (WBC) count is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and death. Aerobic exercise is associated with lower total WBC, neutrophil, and monocyte counts. However, no studies have evaluated the effect of the amount of aerobic exercise (dose) on total WBC and WBC subfraction counts.

Purpose: To examine the effects of 3 different doses of aerobic exercise on changes in total WBC and WBC subfraction counts and independent effects of changes in fitness, adiposity, makers of inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein), fasting glucose metabolism, and adiponectin.

Methods: Data from 390 sedentary, overweight/obese …

Health Status, Service Use And Cost Among Mainecare Children In Foster Care, Erika C. Ziller Phd, Tina Gressani, Catherine Mcguire Bs, Kimberley S. Fox Mpa, Kyra Chamberlain Ms, Rn

Population Health & Health Policy

The purpose of this study was to inform IHOC program planning with baseline data on the health care use and expenditures of MaineCare children in the foster care program in general and to compare use and costs for foster care children that receive comprehensive health assessments through the Edmund N. Ervin Pediatric Center’s Pediatric Rapid Evaluation Program (PREP), and those that do not. In 2011, other organizations including Key Clinic at Penobscot Pediatrics in Bangor and the Portland-based Spurwink Services program also began conducting comprehensive health assessments for children in foster care. However, because of the timing of this study, …

Comparing The Validity Of 2 Physical Activity Questionnaire Formats In African-American And Hispanic Women, Louise C. Mâsse, Janet E. Fulton, Kathleen B. Watson, Susan Tortolero, Harold W. Kohl Iii, Michael C. Meyers, Steven N. Blair, William W. Wong

Faculty Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of 2 physical activity questionnaire formats - one that lists activities (Checklist questionnaire) and one that assesses overall activities (Global questionnaire) by domain.

Methods: Two questionnaire formats were validated among 260 African-American and Hispanic women (age 40-70) using 3 validation standards: 1) accelerometers to validate activities of ambulation; 2) diaries to validate physical activity domains (occupation, household, exercise, yard, family, volunteer/church work, and transportation); and 3) doubly-labeled water to validate physical activity energy expenditure (DLW-PAEE).

Results: The proportion of total variance explained by the Checklist questionnaire was 38.4% with …

Moving Physical Activity Beyond The School Classroom: A Social-Ecological Insight For Teachers Of The Facilitators And Barriers To Students' Non-Curricular Physical Activity, Brendon Hyndman, Amanda Telford, Caroline F. Finch, Amanda C. Benson

Australian Journal of Teacher Education

Non-curricular avenues such as active play during school breaks have been established as a major source for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet there is little information for teachers on the influences affecting primary and secondary school students’ non-curricular physical activity. During this study focus groups and drawing were used to explore the broader influences on primary (n=47) and secondary (n=29) school students’ physical activity behaviour beyond the classroom. Barriers and facilitators to children’s physical activity were categorised using a multi-level social-ecological framework incorporating intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment and policy factors. Based on the drawings, comparisons between students’ existing play …