Digital Commons Network^™

Impact Of The Tohoku Earthquake And Tsunami On Pneumonia Hospitalisations And Mortality Among Adults In Northern Miyagi, Japan: A Multicentre Observational Study, Hisayoshi Daito, Motoi Suzuki, Jun Shiihara, Paul E. Kilgore, Hitoshi Ohtomo, Konosuke Morimoto, Masayuki Ishida, Taro Kamigaki, Hitoshi Oshitani, Masahiro Hashizume, Wataru Endo, Koichi Hagiwara, Koya Ariyoshi, Shoji Okinaga

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Background On 11 March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami struck off the coast of northeastern Japan. Within 3 weeks, an increased number of pneumonia admissions and deaths occurred in local hospitals.

Methods A multicentre survey was conducted at three hospitals in Kesennuma City (population 74000), northern Miyagi Prefecture. All adults aged ≥18 years hospitalised between March 2010 and June 2011 with community-acquired pneumonia were identified using hospital databases and medical records. Segmented regression analyses were used to quantify changes in the incidence of pneumonia.

Results A total of 550 pneumonia hospitalisations were identified, including 325 during the pre-disaster period …

Assessing The Health Needs Of The Burmese And Bhutanese Refugees In South Philadelphia, Patricia Tolu-Ajayi

CwiC-PH

While refugees initially receive government aid (eg, Refugee Medical Assistance) upon arrival to the US, they often have unresolved medical concerns that persist beyond their initial period of government assistance (8 Months). To address these unmet health needs, Refugee Health Partners at Thomas Jefferson University started a free clinic targeting refugees from Bhutan and Burma living in South Philadelphia. An important finding from this clinic was that many refugees do not utilize the health care system, regardless of insurance status. Consequently, it is not known what health and social issues are most prevalent.

Analysis Of Importance Of Implementing Spiritual Assessment And Care Of Patients In Clinical Settings, You Na Park

CwiC-PH

Health professionals need to take care of patients’ spirituality, evaluate various spiritual approaches from both professional and public voices, and address concerns and potential conflicts in meeting the patients’ spiritual needs. There is a number of strategies and solutions to addressing the concerns of spiritual assessments and management of the patients in clinical setting.

Growing Green Communities Through Urban Gardening In Haddington, Allison Rague, Zach Goldstein

CwiC-PH

Allison, Krista, and Zach worked on a farm and surrounding community gardens with high school students from Philadelphia Youth Network (PYN). The 25 PYN youths were divided into groups and focused on different projects related to urban gardening. The groups included social media, marketing, garden/landscape design, environmental education, and construction/ farm maintenance. Each youth was given the opportunity to explore his or her own interests within the realm of farming.

Environmental And Occupational Interventions For Primary Prevention Of Cancer: A Cross-Sectorial Policy Framework, Carolina Espina, Miquel Porta, Joachim Schüz, Ildefonso Hernández Aguado, Robert V. Percival, Carlos Dora, Terry Slevin, Julietta Rodriguez Guzman, Tim Meredith, Philip J. Landrigan, Maria Neira

Faculty Scholarship

Nearly 13 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur worldwide each year; 63% of cancer deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. A substantial portion of all cancers are attributable to carcinogenic exposures in the environment and the workplace.

The objective of this study was to develop an evidence-based global vision and strategy for the primary prevention of environmental and occupational cancer.

The study concluded that opportunities exist to revitalize comprehensive global cancer control policies by incorporating primary interventions against environmental and occupational carcinogens.

Associations Between Cadmium Exposure And Neurocognitive Test Scores In A Cross-Sectional Study Of Us Adults, Timothy Ciesielski, David C. Bellinger, Joel Schwartz, Russ Hauser, Robert O. Wright

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Low-level environmental cadmium exposure and neurotoxicity has not been well studied in adults. Our goal was to evaluate associations between neurocognitive exam scores and a biomarker of cumulative cadmium exposure among adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Methods: NHANES III is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population conducted between 1988 and 1994. We analyzed data from a subset of participants, age 20–59, who participated in a computer-based neurocognitive evaluation. There were four outcome measures: the Simple Reaction Time Test (SRTT: visual motor speed), the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST: attention/perception), …

Future Competencies Needed For The Direct Service Workforce, William Spears, Carla Clasen, Katherine L. Cauley

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

The aging of the baby boom generation and health care policy changes represented by the Affordable Care act create challenges for the long term care industry in America. In 2011 the first of the baby boomers turned 65 years old. By 2030 a total of 78 million baby boomers, 19% of the population, will be 65 or more years old and eligible for Medicare (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). Discussions of potential health care worker shortages often focus on the need for more physicians and nurses to care for an aging population. These changes are putting pressure on long term care …

Confronting Myths About Household Food Insecurity And Excess Weight, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Berat Lahir Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Neonatal Di Indonesia, Demsa Simbolon

Kesmas

Angka kematian neonatal Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-10 tertinggi di dunia disebabkan kejadian bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2007. Sampel meliputi 11.748 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria anak terakhir lahir hidup, lahir tunggal, dan saat wawancara berumur minimal 28 hari. Probabilitas kumulatif kelangsungan hidupneonatal di Indonesia adalah 98,49% dan cenderung semakin rendah sesuai dengan berat lahir, pada neonatal dengan berat lahir rendah adalah 95,68% dan neonatal berat lahir sangat rendah …

Faktor Risiko Diare Shigellosis Pada Anak Balita, A. Zulkifli Abdullah, A. Arsunan Arsin, Lidyawati Dahlan

Kesmas

Diare shigellosis pada balita merupakan masalah serius sebab dapat menyebabkan kematian. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kejadian shigellosis pada anak balita dilakukan studi kasus kontrol di beberapa rumah sakit di Kota Makassar dengan 68 kasus dan 136 kontrol. Data mengenai jenis kelamin dan status gizi anak balita, pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif, status ekonomi, pendidikan ibu, kebiasaan ibu mencuci tangan memakai sabun, kepadatan hunian rumah, sarana air bersih, danjamban keluarga dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan observasi serta dikategorikan dan disaring (screening) dengan uji chi square. Enam variabel dengan nilai p < 0,25 dimasukkan dalam uji regresi logistik yang menghasilkan variabel dengan nilai p < 0,05 (gizi rendah, ASI tidak eksklusif, dan status ekonomi rendah). Uji regresi logistik tahap kedua dengan 3 variabel ini menghasilkan model shigellosis = 1,47 gizi rendah + 1,471 ASI tidak eksklusif + 1,022 status ekonomi rendah - 2,546 dengan nilai oddsratio (OR) = 4,352 (gizi rendah), 4,353 (ASI tidak eksklusif), dan 2,779 (status ekonomi rendah). Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa gizi balita yang rendah, pemberian ASI yang tidak eksklusif, dan status ekonomi ibu yang rendah merupakan faktor-faktor risiko penting kejadian diare shigellosis pada balita.

Shigellosis diarrhea is a serious issue to children under five years …

Penggugusan Provinsi Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Kondisi Kesehatan, Sabarinah Prasetyo, Iwan Ariawan, Fitra Yelda

Kesmas

Untuk melaksanakan penelitian di Indonesia yang dapat mewakili 33 provinsi, sampling bertahap banyak dilakukan, dan tahap awalnya adalah memilih provinsi. Pada penelitian bidang kesehatan, agar provinsi terpilih mewakili kondisi kesehatan penduduk Indonesia, seyogyanya provinsi dikelompokkan berdasarkan variabel terkait kesehatan. Untuk itu, secara statistik dapat dilakukan analisis gugus (cluster analysis) memakai data dari berbagai sumber, dengan 27 variabel mencakup prevalensi beberapa penyakit infeksi dan status gizi, akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, status demografi, indeks pembangunan manusia, dan aspek keuangan. Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 gugus provinsi di Indonesia, pada masing-masing gugus terdapat sebanyak 4, 8, 7, dan 14 provinsi. Proses penggugusan …

Ukuran Lingkar Pinggang Optimal Untuk Identifikasi Sindrom Metabolik Pada Populasi Perkotaan Di Indonesia, Krisnawaty Bantas, Hari Koesnanto Yoseph, Budi Moelyono

Kesmas

Sindrom metabolik (SM) adalah suatu kombinasi gangguan medis yang meningkatkan risiko diabetes tipe 2 dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Salah satu kriteria sindrom metabolik adalah obesitas sentralis. Beberapa sumber mendefinisikan sindrom metabolik menggunakan ukuran lingkar pinggang yang berbeda yang belum tentu sesuai apabila diterapkan untuk populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat nilai titik potong lingkar pinggang yang optimal sebagai salah satu kriteria SM yang sesuai dengan antropometri populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia 2007. Sampel terdiri dari 13.262 orang berusia diatas 15 tahun pria dan wanita tidak hamil. Sebagai variabel dependen …

Sexual Orientation And Functional Pain In U.S. Young Adults: The Mediating Role Of Childhood Abuse, Andrea L. Roberts, Margaret Rosario, Heather L. Corliss, David Wypij, Jennifer R. Lightdale, S. Bryn Austin

Publications and Research

Objective: Pain without known pathology, termed ‘‘functional pain,’’ causes much school absenteeism, medication usage, and medical visits. Yet which adolescents are at risk is not well understood. Functional pain has been linked to childhood abuse, and sexual orientation minority youth (gay, lesbian, bisexual, ‘‘mostly heterosexual,’’ and heterosexual with same-sex sexual contact) are more likely to be victims of childhood abuse than heterosexuals, thus may be at greater risk of functional pain.

Methods: We examined sexual orientation differences in past-year prevalence of functional headache, pelvic, and abdominal pain and multiple sites of pain in 9,864 young adults (mean age = …

Indicators Of Family Care For Development For Use In Multicountry Surveys, Patricia Kariger, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Patrice Engle, Pia M. Rebello Britto, Sara M. Sywulka, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of …

The Community Living Assistance Services And Supports (Class) Act: Major Legislative Provisions, Carol O'Shaughnessy

National Health Policy Forum

Update (January 3, 2013) — In 2010, Congress enacted the Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148). The CLASS Act was repealed as part of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 signed by the President on January 2, 2013.

During 2011 the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) conducted an analysis of possible CLASS implementation options consistent with the statutory requirements that the program be actuarially solvent over a 75-year period and self-funded. After a 19-month period of analysis, HHS officials stated in testimony before …

The Healthy Lifestyle Center: A Case Study Illustrating The Opportunities And Challenges Confronting Local Health Departments In Preventing Chronic Disease, Katherine Anne Kemper Blossom

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Obesity is at epidemic levels in the United States, and is directly associated with decreased life expectancy, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs. Public health system partners agree that reversing obesity trends will require a concerted effort led by government as well as business and civic organizations and that a multi-faceted approach will be needed to transform communities into places where the healthy choice becomes the easy choice for everyone. A foundational role for local health departments is to promote healthy behaviors. Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County (PHDMC) has a history of providing community-based health …

Changes In Food Selection After Implementation Of A Nutritional Labeling Program In A Worksite Cafeteria, Brenda Bodenmiller

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This quantitative study examined the individual employee selection changes that occur in cafeteria purchases after the implementation of nutritional information point of purchase campaign in a hospital worksite. The study utilized data received from daily sales. Twelve selected variables were obtained from the labeling campaign. One entrée, soup, side item, and dessert were chosen from each of the nutrition color categories: red, yellow, and green. A comparison of the monthly sales totals for the selected menu items from each category (red, yellow, green) items was completed. Each monthly total was compared for any identifiable trends. The original analysis plan was …

Prevalence Of Antibiotic-Resistant E. Coli In Retail Chicken: Comparing Conventional, Organic, Kosher, And Raised Without Antibiotics, Jack M. Millman, Kara Waits, Heidi Grande, Ann R. Marks, Jane C. Marks, Lance B. Price, Bruce A. Hungate

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Retail poultry products are known sources of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, a major human health concern. Consumers have a range of choices for poultry, including conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics (RWA) – designations that are perceived to indicate differences in quality and safety. However, whether these categories vary in the frequency of contamination with antibiotic-resistant E. coli is unknown. We examined the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on raw chicken marketed as conventional, organic, kosher and RWA. From April – June 2012, we purchased 213 samples of raw chicken from 15 locations in the New York City metropolitan …

Environmental Exposure To Pyrethroids And Sperm Sex Chromosome Disomy: A Cross-Sectional Study, Heather A. Young, John D. Meeker, Sheena E. Martenies, Zaida I. Figueroa, Dana Boyd Barr, Melissa J. Perry

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

The role of environmental pesticide exposures, such as pyrethroids, and their relationship to sperm abnormalities are not well understood. This study investigated whether environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with altered frequency of sperm sex chromosome disomy in adult men.

Methods

A sample of 75 subjects recruited through a Massachusetts infertility clinic provided urine and semen samples. Individual exposures were measured as urinary concentrations of three pyrethroid metabolites ((3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis- and trans- 3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-1-methylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CDCCA and TDCCA)). Multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY, 1818, and …

The Future Of Health Care

Maryland Carey Law

Two leaders in Maryland's health care profession - Gary L. Attman '79 and Dr. Jay Perman - discuss the implications of a graying population, the transformative impact of technology, the importance of advance directives, and more.

The State Of The Science Of Health And Wellness For Adults With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Lynda Lahti Anderson, Kathy Humphries, Suzanne Mcdermott, Beth Marks, Jasmina Sisirak, Sheryl Larson

Rural Institute Journal Articles

Historically, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have experienced health disparities related to several factors including: a lack of access to high quality medical care, inadequate preparation of health care providers to meet their needs, the social determinants of health (e.g., poverty, race and gender), and the failure to include people with IDD in public health efforts and other prevention activities. Over the past decade, a greater effort has been made to both identify and begin to address myriad health disparities experienced by people with IDD through a variety of activities including programs that address health lifestyles and greater …

Air Force Demographics Of Sexually Transmitted Infections 2007 To 2012, Daniel R. Shea

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

In the United States there is a significant gap between Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) rates of Caucasians and African Americans. This disparity is attributed to many causes including access to health care, socioeconomic status, and social dynamics. The objective of this research is to describe the racial demographics of STI infections in the Air Force and explore possible disparities based on military pay grades. The military enforces many of the recommendations on how to limit STI health disparities by offering easy access to free health care and mandatory regular checkups. Despite these policies, the data reveals significant disparities based on …

2013 Community Benefit Summary, Children's Mercy Hospital

Community Benefits

Fiscal year report on the community benefits provided by Children's Mercy Kansas City to the communities in the Kansas City region.

Intellectual Property And Public Health – A White Paper, Ryan G. Vacca, James Ming Chen, Jay Dratler Jr., Thomas Folsom, Timothy S. Hall, Yaniv Heled, Frank A. Pasquale, Elizabeth A. Reilly, Jeffery Samuels, Katherine J. Strandburg, Kara W. Swanson, Andrew W. Torrance, Katharine A. Van Tassel

Faculty Scholarship

On October 26, 2012, the University of Akron School of Law’s Center for Intellectual Property and Technology hosted its Sixth Annual IP Scholars Forum. In attendance were thirteen legal scholars with expertise and an interest in IP and public health who met to discuss problems and potential solutions at the intersection of these fields. This report summarizes this discussion by describing the problems raised, areas of agreement and disagreement between the participants, suggestions and solutions made by participants and the subsequent evaluations of these suggestions and solutions. Led by the moderator, participants at the Forum focused generally on three broad …

Differences In Demographic, Behavioral, And Biological Variables Between Those With Valid And Invalid Accelerometry Data: Implications For Generalizability, Paul D. Loprinzi, Bradley J. Cardinal, Carlos J. Crespo, Gary R. Brodowicz, Ross E. Andersen, Ellen Smit

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The exclusion of participants with invalid accelerometry data (IAD) may lead to biased results and/or lack of generalizability in large population studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether demographic, behavioral, and biological differences occur between those with IAD and valid accelerometry data (VAD) among adults using a representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Methods: Ambulatory participants from NHANES (2003-2004) who were 20-85 years of age were included in the current study and wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer for 7 days. A "valid person" was defined as those with 4 or more days of at …

Ua12/4 Stall Street Journal, Vol. 5, Wku Health Services

WKU Administration Documents

Broadsides developed by WKU Health Services to convey public health information in students in bathroom stalls. Incomplete run.

Factors Affecting Uptake Of, And Adherence To, Treatment For Latent Tuberculosis Infection In Ventanilla, Peru, Mariano Matias Iberico Lozada

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

In Peru, treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with isoniazid is free for all people younger than 20 who have been in close contact with a person with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Despite the availability of this drug therapy within the context of a TB control program that exceeds the international standards for TB care, very few children access, and even fewer complete a full course of treatment. This study was done in order to understand which factors contribute to latent tuberculosis infection treatment uptake and adherence, and whether a socio-economic intervention could improve uptake and adherence of treatment for …

Diabetes Is A Community Issue: Evidence-Based Diabetes Education Outreach Programs In The African American Population, Maleka J. Embry

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the health needs of Montgomery County and determine which populations are at a greater risk for diabetes. The research looked at evidence-based diabetes outreach programs geared towards those populations and how they can be implemented in Montgomery County. Methods: The Montgomery County Community Health Assessment 2010 was examined. The assessment was conducted using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Ohio Department of Health Data Warehouse, Ohio Department of Health Vital Statistics, U.S. Census Bureau, Greater Dayton Area Hospital Association hospital discharge data, Dayton Children’s …

Parental Feeding Practices In Mexican American Families: Initial Test Of An Expanded Measure, Jeanne M. Tschann, Steven E. Gregorich, Carlos Penilla, Lauri A. Pasch, Cynthia L. De Groat, Elena Flores, Julianna Deardorff, Louise C. Greenspan, Nancy F. Butte

School of Education Faculty Research

Background: Although obesity rates are high among Latino children, relatively few studies of parental feeding practices have examined Latino families as a separate group. Culturally-based approaches to measurement development can begin to identify parental feeding practices in specific cultural groups. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and test the Parental Feeding Practices (PFP) Questionnaire for use with Mexican American parents. Items reflected both parent’s use of control over child eating and child-centered feeding practices.

Methods: In the qualitative phase of the research, 35 Latino parents participated in focus groups. Items for the PFP were developed from focus …

Childhood Obesity And School Food Choices: Should The Government Intervene?, Elizabeth Acuna

Writing Across the Curriculum

Obesity rates in the United States are alarming, with more than one-third of U.S. adults and 17% of children qualifying as obese with a Body Mass Index greater than 30.0 (Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2011).

In light of such a large national health burden, promotion of community health must include collaboration with political agencies to enact change.