Digital Commons Network^™

Mission Impossible? International Law And Infectious Diseases, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Risk Management Program Implementation On Worker Safety Knowledge, John C. Donnelly

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the effect of the implementation of a risk management program tool on worker safety knowledge in a composite building material fabrication facility whose workers suffered from an increasingly high injury (incidence) rate in recent years. Risk assessment codes (RACs) and job safety analyses (JSAs) were the primary tools used to introduce workers to the concept of risk. Because employee involvement is a crucial element in JSA development. employee input was frequently solicited throughout JSA development.

The study instrument consisted of a pre-test and post-test survey, to which an experimental and control group were subjected. The instrument was …

Rationing Health Care And The Need For Credible Scarcity: Why American's Can't Say No, Wendy K. Mariner

Faculty Scholarship

With adequate cost containment unlikely in the foreseeable future, health care use will have to be curtailed, ideally with open and explicit criteria for equitably allocating resources or rationing. Yet, consensus on any such criteria appears remote because Americans cannot say no to health care. Americans may refuse to accept rationing for two reasons. The absence of any global limitation on health care resources may encourage patients to believe that health care resources are not scarce and do not need to be rationed. A belief in vitalism--that everyone is morally entitled to unlimited longevity and good health--may discourage setting limits …

Farm-Tractor-Related Fatalities -- Kentucky, 1994, T. W. Struttmann, Carl Spurlock, Susan H. Pollack, E. Moon-Hampton, Steven R. Browning, Robert Mcknight, Reginald Finger

Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center Faculty Publications

Fatalities associated with farm tractors are the most common cause of work-related death in the U.S. agricultural industry (1). To characterize farm-tractor-related fatalities in Kentucky, the Kentucky Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (KY FACE) Project studied all fatal farm injuries occurring among persons in that state during 1994, the initial year of operation for FACE in Kentucky. This report summarizes the results of that study.

Update - July 1995, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Gender Discrimination in the Medical Community

[ Responses to the American Medical Association of the Use of Anencephalic Neonates as Organ Donors ]
-- Maintain the "Dead Donor Rule"
-- Stairway to Hell
-- Let Parents Choose
-- Revisiting the Issues

A National Minority Organ/Tissue Transplant Education Program: The First Step In The Evolution Of A National Minority Strategy And Minority Transplant Equity In The Usa, Clive O. Callender, Alvina S. Bey, Patrice V. Miles, Curtis L. Yeager

Trotter Review

In 1978, members of the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation approached us concerning the disparity between the large number of African American patients, 50% to 70% of all patients on dialysis (artificial kidney machines), and the small number of African American donors (3%), and asked us why and what could be done about it? From my perspective as an African American transplant surgeon at Howard University, these observations piqued my curiosity and I agreed to investigate them. Our investigation took us into three areas: 1. An evaluation of the data regarding transplantation in patients at the Howard University Hospital Transplant Center …

Disparities In The Health Care Status Of Women: Implications For Research, Marcia I. Wells-Lawson

Trotter Review

Even a cursory review of data on the health status of women reveals striking differences by race. According to data from the National Center for Health Statistics, death rates among Black women from the three leading causes of death (cardiac disease, cancer and cerebrovascular disease) exceed those of white, Asian, Native American and Latina women for each age category from 45-84. With the exception of Black women, the death rates among white women from these diseases exceed those of other ethnic groups of women. Data on two of the risk factors for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension and obesity), show …

Commencement Program 1995, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

2 | 1995 Events of Commencement

3 | Academic Procession

4 | The Speakers

9 | The Honorees

14 | The Zapara Award

Order of Programs

• School of Medicine, 16
• School of Dentistry, 23
• Graduate School, 31
• School of Nursing, 38
• School of Public Health, 42
• School of Allied Health Professions, 50

Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis: A Molecular Epidemiology Study, Lyndell R. Gill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is the third-most-frequently isolated microorganism associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients during their stay at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center (MHVAMC). In order to develop a practical, epidemiologically-meaningful typing method for M. (B.) catarrhalis, we tested two methods based on analysis of chromosomal DNA for typeability, reproducibility, and ability to differentiate between unrelated strains (discriminatory power, D). M. (B.) catarrhalis isolants from MHVAMC from 7/1/87-6/30/88 were grown overnight in broth and embedded in agarose. DNA was isolated by standard methods. The DNA was subjected to: (1) restriction endonuclease digestion (with either Bgl II …

Ua66/13/3 Health Link, Vol. 1, No. 1, Wku Public Health

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about the WKU Public Health department.

Factors Which Predict The Initiation And Use Of Alcohol In Rural Adolescents, Charlotte Swint

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this research was to determine whether a selected group of factors are significant when trying to predict the use of alcohol by adolescents who live in rural areas. This research is important because most of the studies concerning drug and alcohol use in adolescents have focused on adolescents who live in urban areas. The results of such studies may not be generalizable to rural populations. The factors investigated included the following: availability of alcohol, peer influence, parental influence, tobacco use, gender, and grade level. These factors were chosen based on their inclusion in four prominent theories regarding …

Health Attitude Changes As A Result Of Participating In A Worksite Prenatial Education Program, Vickie Gibson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in health beliefs exist between participants attending worksite prenatal education classes and participants receiving only prenatal education self-help materials. A multiple treatment study was performed on a sample of convenience of 169 women enrolled in Fruit of the Loom's worksite prenatal education program. Group 1 subjects received class and materials while Group 2 subjects received materials only. Study participants were asked to complete an 18-item Likert scale questionnaire prior to enrolling in the program and again upon completion. Sixty-two subjects completed both the pre- and posttest questionnaires. Analysis of covariance …

Ua66/14/4 Kentucky Partnership Newsletter, Vol. Ii, No. 7, Kentucky Partnership For Farm Family Health & Safety

University Organizations

Newsletter created by and about the Kentucky Partnership for Farm Family Health & Safety.

An Overview Of The Effectiveness And Efficiency Of Hiv Prevention Programs, D. R. Holtgrave, Noreen L. Qualls, J. W. Curran, Ronald O. Valdiserri, Mary Guinan, William C. Parra

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Because of the enormity of the HIV-AIDS epidemic and the urgency for preventing transmission, HIV prevention programs are a high priority for careful and timely evaluations. Information on program effectiveness and efficiency is needed for decision-making about future HIV prevention priorities. General characteristics of successful HIV prevention programs, programs empirically evaluated and found to change (or not change) high-risk behaviors or in need of further empirical study, and economic evaluations of certain programs are described and summarized with attention limited to programs that have a behavioral basis. HIV prevention programs have an impact on averting or reducing risk behaviors, particularly …

Exercise And Dietary Habits Of High School, Health Science Students, Lorri Castro Aguilera

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Isolation And Characterization Of A B-D-Glucuronidase-Producing Strain Of Escherichia Coli Serotype O157:H7 In The United States, Peggy S. Hayes, Kristina Blom, Peter Feng, Jay Lewis, Nancy A. Strockbine, Bala Swaminathan

United States Public Health Resources

A phenotypic variant of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (G5101) was isolated from a patient with bloody diarrhea. Strain G5101 does not ferment sorbitol but is β-D-glucuronidase and urease positive. Serotyping and colony hybridization using a serotype-specific DNA probe confirmed that the isolate was O157:H7. G5101 produces Shiga-like toxins I and II and contains an eae gene that is highly conserved in the O157:H7 serotype. This strain would have been missed by laboratories that screen for the sorbitol-negative, β-D-glucuronidase- negative phenotype in isolating E. coli O157:H7 from clinical and food specimens.

Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa—Dissemination Of Phase I Findings: Report Of Five National Workshops, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Given the constraints faced by the health care infrastructure in responding to the AIDS crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, and the limitations of traditional educational approaches in motivating people to modify their sexual behavior within the African context, community-based efforts at AIDS prevention, and care of those affected, are the first lines of defense against the disease. Thus, they deserve greater scrutiny, to learn from the experiences and to continue and expand their efforts. The “Community-Based AIDS Prevention and Care in Africa: Building on Local Initiatives” project is being carried out by the Population Council with support from Glaxo Wellcome. The …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Jalaun, B.D. Mishra, U. Dosajh, Prateep Roy, T.D. Jose, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services (IFPS) Project under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow. The project aims to reduce fertility by increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. The project attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector, and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Agra, B.D. Mishra, U. Dosajh, Tilak Mukherjee, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (MOHFW), with assistance from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), launched a landmark project in India’s most populous state, Uttar Pradesh. The Innovations in Family Planning Services Project was implemented under the management of the State lnnovations in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA), Lucknow. Conducting baseline surveys in 15 selected districts of Uttar Pradesh was the first step in the project. The Uttar Pradesh baseline survey provided critical input by generating important demographic and family welfare program data at the district level. Over and above the 15 districts …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Pithoragarh, K. Satyanarayan, G. Giridhar, K.K. Gaur, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

In 1992, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the United States Agency for International Development, New Delhi, began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) under the management of the State Innovation in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA), Lucknow. The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by expanding and improving family planning (FP) services. To achieve this, the IFPS project will support service innovations in the public sector and nongovernmental sectors and through contraceptive social marketing mechanisms. The Baseline Survey in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) is being undertaken as one important component of the …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur, B.D. Mishra, U. Dosajh, Prateep Roy, T.D. Jose, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) with financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow). The project aims to reduce fertility through increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. It attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Jhansi, G. Narayana, N. Prem Kumar, Hanimi Reddy Modugu, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

Baseline surveys in 15 districts of Uttar Pradesh were conducted as part of the USAID-assisted State Innovations in Family Planning Services project. This effort helps create databases at the district level, an essential prerequisite for decentralized planning and strategy development. The Baseline Surveys in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP) were undertaken as part of the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh. The project’s objectives were to increase access to family planning (FP) services, improve quality of FP services, and promote contraceptive use. The Population Council was designated as the nodal organization to coordinate various …

Addressing Women's Reproductive Health Needs: Priorities For The Family Welfare Programme, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy

Reproductive Health

India's national family welfare program has two objectives—to address the needs of families, notably women and children, and to reduce population growth rates. In reality, the program has been disproportionately focused on achieving demographic targets by increasing contraceptive prevalence. In this process, women's needs have been overlooked, in terms of poor reproductive health (RH). There is a need to reorient program priorities to focus more holistically on RH needs and on woman-based services that respond to health needs in ways sensitive to the sociocultural constraints women and adolescent girls face in acquiring services and expressing health needs. This report presents …

Development Of Approaches To Community Based Family Planning Outreach In Egypt: Assessment Of Raidats Rifiats Program, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Egypt’s family planning program officially began in 1965. Impressive gains in contraceptive use have been made since 1980, and the contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 24 percent in 1980 to 47 percent in 1992. Egypt’s National Population Policy addresses the nation’s population growth through multiple interventions designed to reduce fertility, including family planning (FP) services. FP accessibility is promoted through a network of public and NG0 FP clinics. A number of years ago, the Egyptian Family Planning Program began using the Raidats Rifiats program to extend services into rural communities. There is concern regarding the program’s ability to recruit women …

Pcr For Bioaerosol Monitoring: Sensitivity And Environmental Interference, Aj Alvarez, Mark P. Buttner, Linda Stetzenbach

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

The PCR technique has potential for use in detection of low concentrations of airborne microorganisms. In this study, the sensitivity of PCR and its susceptibility to environmental interference were assessed with Escherichia coli DH1 as the target organism. Air samples, containing environmental bioaerosols, were collected with AGI-30 samplers and seeded with E. coli DH1 cells. Parallel studies were performed with cells seeded into the sampler prior to collection of air samples to determine the effects of environmental inhibition and sampling stress on the PCR assay. Baseline studies were also performed without environmental challenge or sampling stress to compare two protocols …

El Coletivo: Un Colectivo Feminista De Salud Y Sexualidad Femenina En Brasil, Margarita Diaz, Debbie Rogow, Jose Barzelatto

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este ejemplar de Quality/Calidad/Qualité narra la historia de un grupo de mujeres brasileñas que se formó en 1981 con el convencimiento compartido—no tan extendido entonces como ahora—de que los enfoques convencionales sobre la salud de la mujer y los servicios de planificación familiar estaban dominados por una perspectiva médica incapaz de dar cuenta de la relación entre sexualidad y anticoncepción, y que además restaba poder de las usuarias. Fundaron el Coletivo, que maneja una clínica, un instituto de capacitación, y un programa de educación pública que ha “dado voz” a miles de mujeres, ha proporcionado un liderazgo al gobierno brasileño …

Violence In The Womb, Violence In The World: The Effects Of Fetal Exposure To Alcohol, Drugs, And Nicotine, Aileen R. Wynne

Theses

This project will focus on prenatal substance abuse and the long term adverse effects of birth defects in the offspring of these women. The focus will discuss a relationship between the drug exposed fetus as a predictor of later development of behavior problems , running along the continuum from antisocial behavior to aggression and violence.

Research will show that of the three leading contributors to birth defects , Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is number one, greater than Downs Syndrome and Spina Bifida. The risk factors of prenatal substance abuse will be described as use of alcohol , other drugs , and …

Tuberculosis And The Power Of The State: Toward The Development Of Rational Standards For The Review Of Compulsory Public Health Powers, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This article uses tuberculosis as the paradigm for exploring rational standards for the exercise of compulsory public health powers. Extant doctrine in disability and constitutional law provides a lens for examining judicial review of state interventions. The author first sets out the central epidemiological and biological aspects of tuberculosis to demonstrate the strength of the governmental interest in curtailing the epidemic. Second, he examines the interventions of testing, screening, and confinement of persons with tuberculosis, where he focuses on two congregate settings--correctional and health care facilities--that present substantial health risks and are principal foci for the exercise of state intervention. …

Sexual Coercion And Reproductive Health: A Focus On Research, Lori L. Heise, Kirsten Moore, Nahid Toubia

Reproductive Health

Gender-based violence is ignored or denied in most societies and neglected by health professionals and researchers, yet it persists in almost all societies, and, in some, it is on the increase. This report is aimed at those in the family planning/reproductive health field who desire to conduct research or implement programs to address sexual violence and its impact on women's reproductive health. Furthermore, it contributes to a better understanding of the context of sexual coercion as well as its causes and consequences. The ideas presented herein are derived largely from a two-day meeting jointly organized by the Ebert Program in …

Women's Status And Family Planning In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Focus Group Data, Ruth Simmons, Rezina Mita

Reproductive Health

This study involved secondary analysis of a substantial set of 1987–88 focus group data from Bangladesh’s Matlab Thana, where the Family Planning and Health Services Project was underway since 1977. The project was highly successful in increasing family planning (FP) acceptance and provided a rich research base for studying the diffusion of FP and its effects. The study involved 36 focus groups with fieldworkers, community women, husbands, educated women, and community leaders. The intent of the present study is to examine the effect of FP on women's status in Bangladesh, and to prepare papers on that topic. Following leads in …