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An Assessment Of The Alternative Rites Approach For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Mutilation In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Jennifer Liku Jan 2001

An Assessment Of The Alternative Rites Approach For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Mutilation In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Jennifer Liku

Reproductive Health

Maendeleo Ya Wanawake (MYWO), with technical assistance from the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), has been implementing an Alternative Rite of passage programme as part of its efforts to eradicate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in five districts in Kenya. This study addressed the factors that influence some families and individuals to adopt the Alternative Rite while others, exposed to the same messages discouraging FGM, decide not to. It also evaluated the effect of the training component of the Alternative Rite on the girls who participated.

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Strengthening Social Science Research On Women's Health: Lessons Learned From A Capacity Building Programme, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel, John Townsend Jan 2001

Strengthening Social Science Research On Women's Health: Lessons Learned From A Capacity Building Programme, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 led to an upsurge in interest in implementing reproductive health (RH) programs worldwide. The urgency to act has led to the development of disparate activities in several developing countries including India. While programs have been growing in numbers, their quality is in question. A fundamental problem has been lack of capacity at all levels of the health service system to respond to the paradigm shift articulated by the advocates of the reproductive health and rights agenda. To redesign programs, considerable research must be undertaken to understand the health needs and sociocultural …

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Special Studies Program Of The Pilot Health Project: West Bank And Gaza, Mahmoud Shaheen, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Sahar Hegazi Jan 2001

Special Studies Program Of The Pilot Health Project: West Bank And Gaza, Mahmoud Shaheen, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

The Special Studies Program was implemented as part of the Pilot Health Project in the West Bank and Gaza to provide small grants to Palestinian researchers, research organizations, and advanced graduate students to conduct research that examines critical reproductive health topics related to maternal and child health care, including family planning. The research implemented under the Special Studies Program covered a range of topics including male involvement in reproductive health, clients' satisfaction with family planning programs, the relationship between early marriage and the delivery of premature infants, factors affecting compliance for iron supplementation, and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The research …

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Diverse Realities: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv In India, Sarah Hawkes, K.G. Santhya Jan 2001

Diverse Realities: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv In India, Sarah Hawkes, K.G. Santhya

Reproductive Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, currently have high salience on the health care agendas of many countries, including India. Strategies for their control are ideally based on a number of well-recognised principles. These include: assessments of the burden of disease; the availability of interventions at policy and programme levels, to influence behaviour change and technical ‘solutions’; and the calculated cost-effectiveness of these interventions. In the case of India, data to inform these principles are often lacking in the case of STI control. In this paper we have reviewed the evidence base for STI control in the Indian context. The …

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History, Culture And Alcohol: Drinking Patterns In Poland And Australia, Barbara Wolska Jan 2001

History, Culture And Alcohol: Drinking Patterns In Poland And Australia, Barbara Wolska

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

It is a widely held view in Poland that for centuries those in power have promoted heavy drinking among their subjects in order to achieve their various goals and that this contributed to the development of Polish drinking patterns. There is some empirical evidence that the political economy of alcohol in Poland promoted heavy drinking among the Polish population. Drinking alcohol in Poland was an important aspect of social situations. The most popular beverage was vodka(s). Social pressure to drink in the extreme was attributed to the tradition of hospitality. Cultural norms encouraged very heavy drinking among men and imposed …

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Depressed Men Angry Women: Non-Stereotypical Gender Responses To Anti-Smoking Messages In Older Smokers, Debora Brown Jan 2001

Depressed Men Angry Women: Non-Stereotypical Gender Responses To Anti-Smoking Messages In Older Smokers, Debora Brown

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This qualitative study into the effective use of fear arousal in social marketing advertising, focused on exploring gender differences in smokers' attitudes towards threats in anti-smoking messages in the 40 to 50 year old age group. This age group of smokers has received relatively little attention in the fear arousal literature to date, presumably because their 'hard core' attitudes are perceived as difficult to change by social marketing and medical practitioners. The key purpose of this study was to explore the attitudinal responses of male and female smokers in the 40 to 50 year old age group to anti-smoking messages …

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Predictors Of Young Men's Attitudes Toward Sexual Health Practices, Felicity C. Wright Jan 2001

Predictors Of Young Men's Attitudes Toward Sexual Health Practices, Felicity C. Wright

Theses : Honours

The present study examined whether cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions) and behavioural processes predicted young men's attitudes toward sexual health practices. For pragmatic reasons, most sexual health interventions are based on the provision of factual information, meaning most evaluations of these interventions have focused on the cognitive sources which may lead to behavioural change. However, the importance of emotional and behavioural influences has also been indicated, though rarely considered. The present study hoped to clarify this issue using Zanna and Rempel's (1988) model of attitude formation. The study also provided some methodological extensions to the attitude literature. It examined the use …

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European Madness And Mad Cow Disease, Ibpp Editor Dec 2000

European Madness And Mad Cow Disease, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some of the psychological factors that might attenuate unadaptive anxieties about the threat of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease.

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Justice In Health Care Access Measuring Attitudes Of Health Care Professionals, Sandra Blanton Dec 2000

Justice In Health Care Access Measuring Attitudes Of Health Care Professionals, Sandra Blanton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

To measure attitudes toward justice in access to health care services in managed care plans in a convenience sample of medical professionals at Clark Memorial Hospital in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Methods. A sixteen item, self-administered instrument based on Morreim's four concepts of justice in health care access was administered to 147 health care professionals, representing physicians, allied health, and hospital administration. SPSS was used to analyze the results. Results. The attitudes of the respondents were negative toward managed care. They did not feel that managed care had been a positive development in the United States or that managed care had improved …

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Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs Dec 2000

Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs

Faculty Publications

To identify risk factors for death among children with diarrhoea, a cohort of 496 children, aged less than 5 years, admitted to the intensive care unit of a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh, was studied during November 1992-June 1994, Clinical and laboratory records of children who died and of those who recovered in the hospital were compared, Deaths were significantly higher among those who had altered consciousness, hypoglycaemia, septicaemia, paralytic ileus, toxic colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, invasive or persistent diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, Females experienced a 2-fold higher risk of death than males (p=0.003). Several indices of …

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Emerging Issues In The Use Of Binding Arbitration To Resolve Disputes Between Individuals And Health Plans, Karl Polzer Nov 2000

Emerging Issues In The Use Of Binding Arbitration To Resolve Disputes Between Individuals And Health Plans, Karl Polzer

National Health Policy Forum

After briefly describing the federal legal framework fostering the growth of binding arbitration, this paper identifies controversies surrounding arbitration as well as arguments supporting and opposing its use. The paper describes the use of arbitration among certain types of collectively bargained employee health plans regulated under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in California, and by a large employer operating a self-insured ERISA health plan. Evidence cited by the California Supreme Court that the largest HMO in California operated its mandatory arbitration program in an unfair way is presented, along with the …

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Children's Understanding Of The Concept Of Physical Activity, Stewart G. Trost, Angela M. Morgan, Ruth P. Saunders, Gwen A. Felton, Dianne S. Ward, Russell R. Pate Aug 2000

Children's Understanding Of The Concept Of Physical Activity, Stewart G. Trost, Angela M. Morgan, Ruth P. Saunders, Gwen A. Felton, Dianne S. Ward, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated 4th-grade students' understanding of the concept of physical activity and assessed the effects of two interventions to enhance the students' understanding of this concept. Students were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: the video group (n=40) watched a 5-min video describing physical activity; the verbal group (n=42) listened to a generic description of physical activity; the control group received no instruction (n=45). Students completed a 17-item checklist testing their understanding of the concept of physical activity. Compared to controls, students in the verbal and video group demonstrated significantly higher checklist …

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Outpatient Commitment In Mental Health: Is Coercion The Price Of Community Services?, Coimbra Sirica Jul 2000

Outpatient Commitment In Mental Health: Is Coercion The Price Of Community Services?, Coimbra Sirica

National Health Policy Forum

This paper reviews the debate over civil commitment to outpatient settings of people with mental illness who are considered too ill and/or too dangerous to be left on their own in their communities. The choices of two states — Maryland and New York — in dealing with this issue are reviewed. Alternative ways of drawing people into treatment and keeping them there are also discussed.

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Thomas Jefferson University 2000 Annual Report, Douglas J. Macmaster, Jack Farber, Paul C. Brucker Jul 2000

Thomas Jefferson University 2000 Annual Report, Douglas J. Macmaster, Jack Farber, Paul C. Brucker

Thomas Jefferson University Administrative Documents and Reports

No abstract provided.

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Validation Of Passive Air Sampling Monitors Onboard United States Navy Submarines, Larry A. Mcfarland Jul 2000

Validation Of Passive Air Sampling Monitors Onboard United States Navy Submarines, Larry A. Mcfarland

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

An operating submarine creates a unique air quality mixture of compounds that result from a combination of human metabolism, construction materials, materials brought onboard and compounds created through the interaction of ship systems. A comprehensive study of submarine atmospheres is ongoing during deployments of U.S. Navy nuclear submarines. As part of the overall effort, a paired air sampling comparison field validation was conducted to compare the air sampling effectiveness of passive diffusive monitors compared to more traditional active air sampling methods when sampling for acrolein, formaldehyde and ozone in the enclosed submarine atmosphere. Acrolein monitors containing 2-hydroxymethylpiperidine (HMP) impregnated glass …

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Dispelling The Myths And Stigma Of Mental Illness: The Surgeon General's Report On Mental Health, Richard Hegner Apr 2000

Dispelling The Myths And Stigma Of Mental Illness: The Surgeon General's Report On Mental Health, Richard Hegner

National Health Policy Forum

This paper summarizes the key findings of "Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General," which was released on December 13, 1999, by U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher. Topics include the significance of mental illness, the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment, the widespread lack of treatment, access problems and their causes, the significance of stigma, and the prevention of mental illness.

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Applying Science To Public Policy: The Context Of The Surgeon General's Report On Mental Health, Richard Hegner Apr 2000

Applying Science To Public Policy: The Context Of The Surgeon General's Report On Mental Health, Richard Hegner

National Health Policy Forum

Intended to provide public policy context for the December 1999 Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, this background paper discusses the historic skepticism about the efficacy of treatment of mental illness in this country, insurance practices that have discriminated against mental illness and the reasons for them, the disproportionate share of mental health funding provided by government sources such as Medicaid and state general revenues, the role of state and local public government as providers of catastrophic coverage for mental illness, the cascading cost-shifting game in mental health finance, obstacles to needed treatment (including popular attitudes toward mental illness), the …

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The Pediatric Breathing Survey, Linda J. Galloway Apr 2000

The Pediatric Breathing Survey, Linda J. Galloway

Health Services Research Dissertations

To ensure culturally-sensitive assessments, the researcher designed a Pediatric Breathing Survey (PBS) to measure quality of life for African-American children. The purpose of this study was to test whether the PBS is a reliable and valid instrument. Comparisons of group differences on race, income and parent's level of education based on parent responses to the questionnaires were conducted. More specifically, differences in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) between Caucasian and African-American children were examined. The researcher-designed instrument was compared to Juniper's Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. The sample consisted of parents of 84 school-aged children diagnosed with asthma. …

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Impact Of Violence Prevention Programs On The Attitudes Towards Guns And Violence Among Third Through Sixth Grade And Seventh Grade Students In The Bowling Green Independent School District, Michelyn Bhandari Mar 2000

Impact Of Violence Prevention Programs On The Attitudes Towards Guns And Violence Among Third Through Sixth Grade And Seventh Grade Students In The Bowling Green Independent School District, Michelyn Bhandari

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of violence prevention programs on the attitudes toward guns and violence among students in grades three through seven. This study represents an attempt to prove that third through sixth grade students who receive anger control training and seventh grade students who receive conflict resolution training will show a significantly lower attraction towards guns and violence than students receiving no such training. By understanding interrelation between adolescents' attitudes towards guns and violence and their psychosocial functioning, the public can seek out ways of preventing violence. To measure the impact and to …

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A Mycobacterium Ulcerans Toxin, Mycolactone, Causes Apoptosis In Guinea Pig Ulcers And Tissue Culture Cells, Kathleen M. George, Lisa Pascopella, Diane M. Welty, P. L. C. Small Feb 2000

A Mycobacterium Ulcerans Toxin, Mycolactone, Causes Apoptosis In Guinea Pig Ulcers And Tissue Culture Cells, Kathleen M. George, Lisa Pascopella, Diane M. Welty, P. L. C. Small

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a tropical ulcerative skin disease. One of the most intriguing aspects of this disease is the presence of extensive tissue damage in the absence of an acute inflammatory response. We recently purified and characterized a macrolide toxin, mycolactone, from M. ulcerans. Injection of this molecule into guinea pig skin reproduced cell death and lack of acute inflammatory response similar to that seen following the injection of viable bacteria. We also showed that mycolactone causes a cytopathic effect on mouse fibroblast L929 cells that is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements and growth arrest …

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Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning Feb 2000

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

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Frequency Of Use And Perceived Credibility Of Information Sources And Variations By Socioeconomic Factors Among Savannah River Stakeholders, Bryan L. Williams, Alex Vallei, Sylvia Brown, Michael Greenberg Jan 2000

Frequency Of Use And Perceived Credibility Of Information Sources And Variations By Socioeconomic Factors Among Savannah River Stakeholders, Bryan L. Williams, Alex Vallei, Sylvia Brown, Michael Greenberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors examine the factors effecting credibility of risk communication in the communities surrounding the Savannah River Nuclear Weapons Site.

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Erisa Health Plan Liability: Issues And Options For Reform, Karl Polzer Jan 2000

Erisa Health Plan Liability: Issues And Options For Reform, Karl Polzer

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper was written as congressional conferees faced the task of resolving differences between patient protection bills by the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate in late 1999. In order to discuss the principal issues facing policymakers and options for reform, it begins by describing problems raised by the federal law governing private-sector employee health plans (the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) from a consumer perspective. It then discusses approaches proposed by the Clinton administration and the House and Senate to give consumers greater ability to challenge health plan coverage decisions, focusing in particular on issues …

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Ambulatory Care Physician Barriers Contributing To The Low Advance Directive Education Rate, Cindy Lynn Grant Jan 2000

Ambulatory Care Physician Barriers Contributing To The Low Advance Directive Education Rate, Cindy Lynn Grant

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Realities And Treatment Of Rape, Alison S. Brennan Jan 2000

Realities And Treatment Of Rape, Alison S. Brennan

Graduate Research Papers

One in three women have experienced a sexual assault. The impact of sexual assault can affect numerous aspects of a woman's life including: sexual health, cognitions, behaviors, emotions, interpersonal relationships, and self-perceptions. The healing journey for a rape victim is often initiated with the aid of a counselor. For this reason alone, it is crucial for counselors to have a basic knowledge of the symptoms as well as the various treatments for rape victims.

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Lessons Learned In Applying The U.S. Epa Proposed Cancer Guidelines To Specific Compounds, Melvin Andersen, M. Elizabeth Meek, Gary Boorman, David Brusick, Samuel Cohen, Yvonne Dragan, Clay Frederick, Jay Goodman, Gordon Hard, Ellen O'Flaherty, Denise Robinson Jan 2000

Lessons Learned In Applying The U.S. Epa Proposed Cancer Guidelines To Specific Compounds, Melvin Andersen, M. Elizabeth Meek, Gary Boorman, David Brusick, Samuel Cohen, Yvonne Dragan, Clay Frederick, Jay Goodman, Gordon Hard, Ellen O'Flaherty, Denise Robinson

United States Public Health Resources

An expert panel was convened to evaluate the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s “Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment” through their application to data sets for chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA). The panel also commented on perceived strengths and limitations encountered in applying the guidelines to these specific compounds. This latter aspect of the panel’s activities is the focus of this perspective. The panel was very enthusiastic about the evolution of these proposed guidelines, which represent a major step forward from earlier EPA guidance on cancer-risk assessment. These new guidelines provide the latitude to consider diverse scientific data …

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The Female Condom: Dynamics Of Use In Urban Zimbabwe, Deanna Kerrigan, Steve Mobley, Naomi Rutenberg, Andrew A. Fisher, Ellen Weiss Jan 2000

The Female Condom: Dynamics Of Use In Urban Zimbabwe, Deanna Kerrigan, Steve Mobley, Naomi Rutenberg, Andrew A. Fisher, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

In July 1997, Population Services International (PSI), at the request of the Zimbabwe National AIDS Coordination Programme, launched a social marketing program for the female condom in Zimbabwe. To avoid stigma associated with condoms and STI prevention, the female condom was marketed as a family planning product or “contraceptive sheath” under the brand name “Care.” It was initially sold through pharmacies and clinics at a heavily subsidized retail price of US $0.24 for two; distribution has since expanded to other urban outlets, including supermarkets and convenience stores. Approximately one year after the start of the social marketing program, the Horizons …

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Peer Education And Hiv/Aids: Past Experience, Future Directions, Deanna Kerrigan, Ellen Weiss Jan 2000

Peer Education And Hiv/Aids: Past Experience, Future Directions, Deanna Kerrigan, Ellen Weiss

HIV and AIDS

Peer education typically involves training and supporting members of a given group to effect change among members of the same group. Peer education is often used to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors at the individual level. However, peer education may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programs. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This report presents findings from a project designed to identify components and principles that influence HIV/AIDS peer …

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Speech By Maryland Governor Parris N. Glendening , Parris N. Glendening Jan 2000

Speech By Maryland Governor Parris N. Glendening , Parris N. Glendening

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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More Guns, Less Crime, By John R. Lott, Jr. , Kevin P. Latulip Jr. Jan 2000

More Guns, Less Crime, By John R. Lott, Jr. , Kevin P. Latulip Jr.

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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