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Men In Maternity Study: A Summary Of The Findings From Pre-Intervention Interviews With Women And Their Husbands Attending Antenatal Clinics At Esic Facilities In Delhi, Anurag Mishra, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, Shahina Begum

Reproductive Health

The Frontiers in Reproductive Health program, a USAID-funded project of the Population Council is conducting an operations research (OR) study that investigates the effects of male participation in a new model of maternity care that is gender sensitive and provided at the primary-care level. The immediate objectives are to increase the use of family planning methods in the postpartum period and to promote STI primary preventive practices in men and women. The three-year study called Men in Maternity (MiM) is being conducted in South Africa and India. In India, the project is collaborating with the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). …

Peer Education As A Strategy To Increase Contraceptive Prevalence And Reduce The Rate Of Stis/Hiv Among Adolescents In Cameroon, Institut De Recherche Et Des Etudes Des Comportements (Iresco)

Reproductive Health

The Institute for Behavioral Studies and Research completed an operations research project entitled “Among Youth” targeting adolescents in the Mokolo neighborhood of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The results presented in this report show that adolescents in Mokolo, more often than their counterparts in the control site, adopted behavioral changes to prevent STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies as a result of the intervention. The report concludes that peer education combined with mass media campaigns form an important strategy for targeting youth with reproductive health and family planning messages and can help adolescents translate knowledge into healthy lifestyles. Integration of reproductive health messages into …

Increasing Client Participation In Family Planning Consultations: "Smart Patient" Coaching In Indonesia, Young Mi Ki, Fitri Putjuk, Endang Basuki, Adrienne Kols

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, paternalistic models of health care, social distance between clients and service providers, and cultural norms discourage family planning clients from playing an active role in consultations. This report discusses the interventions needed to encourage clients to communicate more openly and more vigorously with providers. The study confirmed that educational interventions directed to family planning clients can help them become effective partners in their own care, assuming they meet with receptive providers. Communication interventions like Smart Patient complement and reinforce provider interpersonal communication and counseling training by giving clients the confidence and the skills to take advantage of increased …

Using Operations Research To Strengthen Programmes For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting. Report Of A Consultative Meeting On Methodological Issues For Fgc Research, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health program, with funding from USAID, organized a consultative meeting on the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) in Nairobi, Kenya in April 2002. The meeting brought together a small group of researchers and program managers who are actively undertaking operations research and systematic program evaluations to review the state of the art concerning intervention research design and measurement issues. The deliberations at this workshop should stimulate interest both in undertaking operations research more routinely when programming anti-FGC activities and in furthering the development and application of research methods appropriate for this subject. Several …

Anti-Trafficking Programs In South Asia: Appropriate Activities, Indicators And Evaluation Methodologies, Dale Huntington

Reproductive Health

Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor migration, poor enforcement of internationally agreed-upon human rights standards, and the enormous …

Biomarkers Of Bone Turnover In Vegetarians And Omnivores, Susan Kim Louie Lue

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A cross-sectional study on fasting serum and 24-hour urine samples were used to determine whether biochemical markers of bone turnover, resorption and formation, differed in a group of 50 healthy premenopausal Caucasian women eating vegan, lactoovovegetarian(LOV) and omnivorous diets.

The women, ages 20-42, had participated in a study of bone mineral density(BMD). The three groups were comparable in mean age, BMI, calorie intake, calories spent in exercise, kcal/kg body weight, protein/day, protein/kg body weight and urinary creatinine.

Biomarkers included those of bone resorption—pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, and N-telopeptides, and of bone turnover—serum and urinary osteocalcin(OC), skeletal alkaline phosphatase, and propeptide-type-I-carboxyterminal-procollagen(PICP). In all …

Prevalence And Risk Factors For Vaginal Candida Colonization In Women With Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes, Ella M. De Leon, Scott J. Jacober, Jack D. Sobel, Betsy Foxman

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus increases the rate of vaginal colonization and infection with Candida species

Methods

We surveyed women with diabetes receiving care at either an urban or suburban diabetes clinic to examine the relationship between vaginal Candida colonization, diabetes type and duration, and HbA_1c level. 101 participants completed the self-administered questionnaire and self-collected a vaginal swab for Candida culture. Candida colonization was similar by age and race.

Results

Type 1 diabetics were three times as likely as type 2 diabetics to be colonized with any Candida species (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.03, 11.41; p = 0.04); even …

A Globalização Dos Movimentos Sociais, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Hermano Albuquerque Castro, Tânia Maria De Araújo

Gastón Institute Publications

This article initially presents proposed definitions for the expression Corporate Neoliberal Globalization or neoliberal globalization. Next it discusses the main problems and impacts of the neoliberal globalization identified by social movements and intelectuals who lay out alternatives to the global neoliberal model, known as anti-globalization movement, “globalização from below” or “grassroots” globalization. These social movements have often organized themselves as global networks of social movements. To account for the appearance of such networks, the article reviews arguments put forth by scholars of the structures and dynamics of social networks. The article concludes with suggestions for elements of an alternative program …

Effect Of Seeing Tobacco Use In Films On Trying Smoking Among Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study, James D. Sargent, Michael L. Beach, Madeline A. Dalton, Leila A. Mott, Jennifer J. Tickle, M. Bridget Ahrens, Todd F. Heatherton

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: To test the hypothesis that greater exposure to smoking in films is associated with trying smoking among adolescents.

From Product Dispensing To Patient Care: The Role Of The Pharmacist In Providing Pharmaceutical Care As Part Of An Integrated Disease Management Approach, Laura T. Pizzi, Jean M. Menz, Geneen R. Graber, Dong-Churl Suh

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

During the past decade, the profession of pharmacy has changed dramatically. The Doctor of Pharmacy degree has replaced the Bachelor of Science degree as the first professional degree offered at most accredited U.S. pharmacy schools. Advanced clinical training is now a mainstay of pharmacy training, and this has enabled pharmacists to contribute to disease management efforts. In addition, technological improvements in prescription processing have afforded pharmacists more time to participate in disease management activities. This paper describes how the role of the pharmacist has changed and reviews the results of programs involving pharmacists as disease management providers in the areas …

Meeting Employees' Information Needs In An Evolving Health Care Marketplace, Lise Rybowski

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper explores the role of information in an evolving health care marketplace. It notes that, in a softening economy, many employers seeking relief from escalating health care expenses shift costs onto employees. Some try to make their retreat more palatable by offering employees both more options for how and where they receive health care and more control over how and where the money is spent. This paper discusses the changes that are likely to occur over the next decade in the ways that people make decisions about health plans and providers, the implications for consumers' information needs, and …

Emergency Preparedness From A Health Perspective: Preparing For Bioterrorism At The Federal, State, And Local Levels, Robin J. Strongin

National Health Policy Forum

Despite the good intentions prior to and in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the existence of significant gaps in the country's preparedness became increasingly clear in the weeks that followed. This background paper provides an overview of the state of bioterrorism preparedness at all levels of government, identifying both the gaps and the steps being taken to close them. A series of reference materials, including a suggested reading list and Web site addresses, are listed at the end of the paper.

The Standardized Fish Bioassay Procedure For Detecting And Culturing Actively Toxic Pfiesteria, Used By Two Reference Laboratories For Atlantic And Gulf Coast States, Joann M. Burkholder, Harold G. Marshall, David W. Seaborn, Nora J. Deamer-Melia

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In the absence of purified standards of toxins from Pfiesteria species, appropriately conducted fish bioassays are the "gold standard" that must be used to detect toxic strains of Pfiesteria slop. from natural estuarine water or sediment samples and to culture actively toxic Pfiesteria. In this article, we describe the standardized steps of our fish bioassay as an abbreviated term for a procedure that includes two sets of trials with fish, following the Henle-Koch postulates modified for toxic rather than infectious agents. This procedure was developed in 1991, and has been refined over more than 12 years of experience in …

A Model For Hiv/Aids Risk Behaviors Of Students In Armenia, Talin Babikian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Without a cure in now its third decade, AIDS is a concern for both the medical and social science disciplines. Most at risk for a nationwide AIDS epidemic are developing countries, which often lack the necessary resources and knowledge to minimize the spread of the disease. There are an estimated 1500 HIV cases in Armenia, 81.5% of which occur in the 20-39 age group. Armenia’s current economic and political instability, increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI), prostitution, and injecting drug use, and the alarming incidence rates in neighboring countries amplify its risk for a national epidemic.

The goals of this …

Tractor Driving Among Kentucky Farm Youth: Results From The Farm Family Health And Hazard Surveillance Project, Steven R. Browning, Susan C. Westneat, Raeanne Szeluga

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

This article documents the extent of children's involvement in tractor operations among a representative sample of Kentucky children living and working on family farms. Specifically, we describe children's exposures to tractor-related work activities, profile their use of the tractor (number of days worked), and assess compliance with generally recommended safety measures, such as using tractors equipped with ROPS (rollover protective structures), avoiding riding as passengers on tractors, and operating tractors on public roadways. Data for this study were collected in 1994 and 1995 as part of the NIOSH-sponsored Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project (FFHHSP). Despite recognition in the …

Pharmacy Benefit Managers: A Model For Medicare?, Veronica V. Goff

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief uses large-employer experiences with pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) to shed light on their potential as Medicare outpatient drug benefit administrators. PBM management techniques are discussed, as well as employer perspectives on PBM strengths and weaknesses and lessons learned. Considerations for Medicare policy are also examined. The brief built on a previous NHPF issue brief entitled The ABCs of PBMs.

Barrier To Utilization Of Primary Healthcare Resources In Children Two Years Of Age And Under, Ruth A. Waibel

Health Services Research Dissertations

This is a retrospective longitudinal study of health service utilization using the Immunization Practice Data Set obtained from the Center for Pediatric Research, Norfolk, Virginia. Cluster sampling was used to identify a cohort of children (n = 271), aged 0 to 24 months, from the city of Norfolk, Virginia. A two-year abstraction of medical records was used to determine utilization practice patterns for three categories of health: well-baby, acute and chronic care. The purpose of this study was to identify socio-demographic, need, and health system factors associated with under-utilization of primary care services using Aday's model. The proportion of children …

A Longitudinal Study Examining The Stability Of Occupational Stressors Identified By Nursing Home Administrators, Gay Lynne Andrucci-Armstrong

Health Services Research Dissertations

As a result of the ever changing and expanding role of the nursing home administrator in conjunction with the stricter legislation governing nursing facilities over the past decade and the graying of America, a study specific to this population was warranted. The purpose of this study is to determine the relative change in the self-reported occupational stressors of nursing home administrators over a five year period (December 1994 to June 1999) secondary to the increased regulatory climate of the nursing home industry.

This study was carried out in three phases and included all practicing nursing home administrators in Virginia. Phase …

Effects Of Hormonal Changes Throughout The Menstrual Cycle On Joint Laxity In Females, John C. Roberts

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The objective of this study was to examine the levels of estrogens, progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone and their relation to ACL laxity throughout the menstrual cycle. Subjects were tested at the onset of menses, the first day of ovulation (days 8–17) and day 23 at the mid-luteal phase. A Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient revealed that there were no statistically significant relationships between laxity measurements, of the KT-2000 or radiographic comparisons, and elevated concentrations of any of the hormones. LH was observed in the follicular phase, at the onset of menses, to have a negative correlation with only …

Nurse Workforce: Condition Critical, Wakina Scott

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief provides an overview of the current nursing shortage. It discusses the multiple factors that make this shortage in the nurse workforce different from earlier ones. It also examines steps taken by nursing schools, the health care industry, the federal government, and states to address this issue.

Youth Violence Prevention: How Does The Health Care Sector Respond?, Anthony S. Raden

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper examines the health care sector's response to the complex problems associated with youth violence, identifies the unique challenges health professionals face in dealing with young victims and perpetrators of violence, and raises questions about the ability of health professionals in various types of practice settings to assume a more proactive role in preventing youth violence.

Enhanced Detection Of Surface-Associated Bacteria In Indoor Environments By Quantitative Pcr, Mark P. Buttner, Patrica Cruz-Perez, Linda Stetzenbach

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Methods for detecting microorganisms on surfaces are needed to locate biocontamination sources and to relate surface and airborne concentrations. Research was conducted in an experimental room to evaluate surface sampling methods and quantitative PCR (QPCR) for enhanced detection of a target biocontaminant present on flooring materials. QPCR and culture analyses were used to quantitateBacillus subtilis (Bacillus globigii) endospores on vinyl tile, commercial carpet, and new and soiled residential carpet with samples obtained by four surface sampling methods: a swab kit, a sponge swipe, a cotton swab, and a bulk method. The initial data showed that greater overall sensitivity was obtained …

The Mind-Body Problem: A Tuberculosis/Tobacco Example, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article illustrates two conflicts between what is, perhaps, best for the mind and best for the body.

Tanf And Work Support Services: On The Job In Greater Philadelphia, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This site visit looked at programs in the greater Philadelphia area to move welfare recipients into employment and support services aimed at keeping them employed. Four years after implementation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, welfare caseloads were much reduced, but challenges remained. Pennsylvania officials described their plans to assist beneficiaries who would reach their five-year lifetime cash assistance limit beginning in 2002. Site visitors met with state and county assistance office staff, employers, consumer advocates, and employment and training contractors. They participated in discussions of how work support services, such as medical assistance, child care, and …

History Of Love Canal And Suny At Buffalo's Response, Adeline Levine Ph.D.

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Science And Health Risks Research Since Love Canal, John E. Vena

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Science And Health Risks Research Since Love Canal, James R. Olson

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Love Canal, David Hahn-Baker

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Quality In The Making: Perspectives On Programs And Progress, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper considered the evolution of quality evaluation efforts, tracing their development from early initiatives to keep track of patients after surgery through the various guidelines, surveys, and measurement tools currently in use. It looked at both quality assurance and quality improvement strategies, highlighting the different philosophies that guide them. The paper examined the roles of purchasers, providers, consumers, and governments in furthering a quality agenda. Both regulatory and voluntary approaches were assessed.

Promoting Healthy Behavior Change In Skin Cancer Risk Reduction Using The Transtheoretical Stages Of Change Model, Sherry L. Pagoto

Dissertations

Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States with 20% of people developing some form of skin cancer in their lifetime (American Cancer Society, 1999). In spite of the high incidence of skin cancer, it is highly preventable. Approximately 90% of the cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun (Skin Cancer Foundation, 1992). The effect of an intervention aimed at reducing skin cancer risk was compared to a survey only control group in 99 Chicago beach-goers. The intervention was based on the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model (TTM) and included sun sensitivity …