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Public Health Ethics: Establishing “Durable Solutions” Within The Global Polio Eradication Initiative In Nigeria, Tiffany T. Mason

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Discussions on public health ethics often appeal to the same codes of conduct established in the field of bioethics. Principles of bioethics contribute to the morality of the study of public health—proposing an optimal code of conduct in the medical care and human research aspects of the field. For example, public health researchers are aware of their obligations to consider informed consent, confidentiality, and the equal distribution of risks and benefits in the implementation of their studies and interventions. However, public health practice extends far beyond medical care and human research. Thus, it is inappropriate to assume that codes established …

What Do Young Adults Know About The Hiv/Aids Epidemic? Findings From A Population Based Study In Karachi, Pakistan., Syed Farid-Ul-Hasnain, Eva Johansson, Gunilla Krantz

Community Health Sciences

Background: HIVAIDS is spreading globally, hitting the younger generations. In Pakistan, the prevalence of HIV in high-risk subpopulations is five per cent or higher. This poses a serious threat of a generalised epidemic especially among the younger population. In the wake of HIVAIDS epidemic this is worrying as a well informed younger generation is crucial in restricting the spread of this epidemic. This study investigated Pakistani young adults' (male and female) knowledge and awareness of the HIV/AIDS disease. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 1,650 male and female adults aged 17-21 years living in Karachi was conducted using a structured …

Field Evaluation Of A Novel Exposure Assessment Strategy Using Respirable Coal Dust Exposures During Heat Plant Coal Receiving Operations, Timothy W. Batten

Theses and Dissertations

An exposure assessment strategy (EAS) determines the number of samples required to characterize an occupational health exposure’s acceptability. A novel EAS (AFIT-EAS) was developed with the objective of maximizing the sensitivity for detecting unacceptable exposures, while minimizing the total number of samples needed. The purpose of this field evaluation was to use data from a comprehensive sampling campaign (SC) to compare the AFIT-EAS with two commonly used EASs: the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA-EAS) and the American Industrial Hygiene Association’s (AIHA-EAS). 10 randomly sampled replicates were selected from the SC. The number of samples selected per replicate was in …

Health Care-Associated Infections: Is There An End In Sight?, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

Health care–associated infections (HAIs) have emerged as a significant concern in policy as well as clinical circles. An HAI is an infection acquired during treatment for another condition. Some of the HAI-causing bacteria have become drug-resistant; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, is a familiar example. Tied to perhaps 100,000 deaths and $20 billion in health care costs each year, HAIs have given rise to state laws, legislative proposals at the federal level, public-private initiatives, and work at the hospital system and individual hospital level. However, much remains to be done. This issue brief reviews the prevalence of HAIs and the …

Religion And Hiv In Tanzania: Influence Of Religious Beliefs On Hiv Stigma, Disclosure, And Treatment Attitudes, James Zou, Yvonne Yamanaka, Muze John, Melissa Watt, Jan Ostermann, Nathan Thielman

Faculty Publications

Background

Religion shapes everyday beliefs and activities, but few studies have examined its associations with attitudes about HIV. This exploratory study in Tanzania probed associations between religious beliefs and HIV stigma, disclosure, and attitudes toward antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.

Methods

A self-administered survey was distributed to a convenience sample of parishioners (n = 438) attending Catholic, Lutheran, and Pentecostal churches in both urban and rural areas. The survey included questions about religious beliefs, opinions about HIV, and knowledge and attitudes about ARVs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess how religion was associated with perceptions about HIV, HIV treatment, and …

Electronic Media Exposure And Its Association With Activity-Related Outcomes In Female Adolescents: Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Analyses, Felipe Lobelo, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Few investigations have assessed in adolescent girls the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between elevated exposure to electronic media (EM) and activity-related outcomes such as compliance with physical activity (PA) standards or cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Four-hundred thirty-seven white and African American girls were assessed at the 8th, 9th, and 12th grades. PA and EM (TV/video watching, electronic games, Internet use) were self-reported, and CRF was estimated using a cycle-ergometer test. Hi EM exposure was defined as ≥ four 30-minute blocks/d. Results: 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade girls in the Hi EM group showed lower compliance with PA standards and had …

Physical And Social Contexts Of Physical Activities Among Adolescent Girls, Joanne Kuo, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Kelly R. Evenson, Thomas L. Mckenzie, Jared B. Jobe, Ariane L. Rung, Joel Gittelsohn, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: With limited opportunities for physical activity during school hours, it is important to understand the contexts of physical activities done outside of school time. Given the importance of physical and social aspects of environments, the purpose of this study was to describe where and with whom girls participate in physical activities outside of school. Methods: Participants were 1925 sixth-grade girls in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). At baseline, they completed a 3-day physical activity recall (3DPAR), reporting the main activity performed during 30-minute intervals and the physical and social contexts of physical activities. Results: The most …

Advancing The Fiscal Health Of Low-Income Families: A Public And Community Health Approach, Doreen Treacy

Center for Social Policy Publications

For decades, health researchers have documented the links between individual and household income/wealth and clinical health outcomes. The research and literature consistently point to both income inequality (i.e. individual household income/wealth as compared to other households in the same state) and individual household income as predictors of diminished health and morbidity. And yet the current framework for providing financial education, disseminating asset building information, and overall responding to the financial health of individuals and households takes no cues from public health and community health best practices. Further, the documented links between financial stress and compromised physical health are compelling enough …

Gambaran Spasial Diare Untuk Upaya Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini Kota Tangerang, Yunita Yunita

Kesmas

Kota Tangerang berkembang cepat dengan angka pertumbuhan (1,94%) dan tingkat urbanisasi yang tinggi serta angka kejadian diare setiap tahun yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerawanan diare berdasarkan faktor fasilitas air bersih yang tersedia, rumah tangga sehat dan berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), tempat umum dan pengelolaan makanan (TPUM) yang sehat, kepadatan penduduk, dan cakupan pelayanan kesehatan. Kerentanan diare dinyatakan dalam kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis spasial yang merupakan analisis berdasarkan wilayah kecamatan. Secara umum, status kerentanan diare pada wilayah kecamatan di Kota Tangerang yang berada pada kategori rendah adalah Kecamatan Tangerang …

Kekerasan Dalam Pacaran Pada Siswi Sma Di Jakarta, Dian Ariestina

Kesmas

Kekerasan terhadap perempuan berhubungan dengan ketimpangan gender dan berdampak pada kesehatan dan hak asasi manusia. Di Jakarta, pada periode 2000-2002, sekitar 264 perempuan melaporkan mengalami KDP dan sekitar 11,6 % kekerasan tersebut terjadi pada masa pacaran. Secara menyeluruh, satu dari sepuluh perempuan mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kejadian KDP pada siswi SMAN 37 Jakarta serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini mengunakan sampel 418 siswi SMAN 37 Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuisioner yang sengaja dirancangg untuk penelitian ini. Ditemukan sekitar 72,1% dari 337 siswi yang pernah mengalami …

Pemberian Asi Segera Pada Bayi Baru Lahir, Linda Amalia

Kesmas

Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) Indonesia masih yang tertinggi di ASEAN dengan penyebab utama kematian adalah penyakit infeksi saluran nafas dan diare yang dapat dicegah. Pencegahan dilakukan antara lain dengan pemberian ASI secara benar, termasuk inisiasi pemberian ASI dalam 30 menit pertama setelah lahir. Pemberian ASI segera dapat mempertahankan kadar hormon prolaktin dan mencegah pemberian makanan pralakteal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran dan determinan pemberian ASI segera pada bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur tahun 2007. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Pengumpulan Sampel 92 orang ibu post partum yang melahirkan di RSUD Kabupaten Cianjur yang dipilih dengan …

The Not-So-Safe Drinking Water Act: Why We Must Regulate Hydraulic Fracturing At The Federal Level, Angela C. Cupas

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Stigma And Discrimination In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

Title: Stigma and Discrimination: The Mumbai Experience Main Author: Amresh Shrivastava MD, DPM, MRCPsych, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Co-Authors: Gopa Sarkhel, MA, Iyer Sunita MA, Thakar Meghana MA, Shah Nilesh, MD, DPM Address of Presenter: Executive Director, Mental health foundation of India (PRERANA Charitable Trust) Mumbai, India; Currently at Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Address: Regional mental health care, 467 Sunset Drive, St. Thomas, N5N 3V9, St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada Phone: 1-5196318510; Fax: 1-519-631-2512. E-mail: [email protected] Background: People with schizophrenia suffer from stigma and discrimination to a great extent, and this …

Does Television Viewing Predict Dietary Intake Five Years Later In High School Students And Young Adults?, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Nicole I. Larson, Melissa C. Nelson, Dianne R. Neumark-Sztainer, Mary Story

Faculty Publications

Background: Prior research has found that television viewing is associated with poor diet quality, though little is known about its long-term impact on diet, particularly during adolescence. This study examined the associations between television viewing behavior with dietary intake five years later.

Methods: Survey data, which included television viewing time and food frequency questionnaires, were analyzed for 564 middle school students (younger cohort) and 1366 high school students (older cohort) who had complete data available at Time1 (1998-1999) and five years later at Time 2 (mean age at Time 2, 17.2 ± 0.6 and 20.5 ± 0.8 years, respectively). Regression …

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Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Access To Oral Healthcare For People With Down Syndrome In The State Of Connecticut, Moises Yldefonso Salas

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

C-Reactive Protein, Obesity, And Colorectal Cancer Mortality : A Prospective Study Of The Nhanes Iii-Ndi Dataset, Alexandra Maria Hajduk

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, including colorectal cancer. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for colorectal cancer via induction of a chronic state of low-grade bowel inflammation due to excessive release of inflammatory cytokines such as C-Reactive protein (CRP) by adipocytes. Prior studies have produced evidence of positive associations between CRP and colon cancer risk but none to date have assessed if elevated CRP is an independent risk factor when controlling for obesity. Also, controversy exists about which measure of adiposity best predicts risk of colon cancer. METHODS: We examined these …

The Impact Of Depression On Long-Term Care Needs And Utilization, John Kouch

UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Developing Higher-Level Cognitive Skills In A Fire Protection Course, Roger C. Jensen

Safety Health & Industrial Hygiene

In an ideal world, all instructors of safety and health courses would be masters of course subject matter as well as the theories and practices for effective teaching. In practice, however, most instructors are much stronger in one or the other. This paper provides an example of how some fundamental knowledge from educational experts can be useful for improving a traditional safety course.

Is there a problem with the way traditional safety and health (S&H) courses are taught? It is asserted by this author that S&H education, in general, places too much emphasis on acquisition and comprehension of facts at …

The Effect Of Respirator Wear On Blood Lactate During Maximal Exertion, Austin Anderson, Fred Sullivan, Sally Bardsley, Roger C. Jensen

Safety Health & Industrial Hygiene

The impact of a filtering half-face respirator and a half-face supplied air respirator use on blood lactate production was assessed during maximal exertion to determine if anaerobic strain increased compared to no respirator use. Twenty-eight participants performed a 30 second cycling Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) wearing a half-face respirator. Blood lactate production was measured to evaluate if there was an increase in anaerobic strain from wearing a tight fitting half-face respirator compared to wearing no respirator. A supplied air respirator WAnT was then performed using 18 participants from the first experiment to evaluate if supplied air decreased anaerobic strain. Data …

Fusion, 2009, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Resilience And Body Image In College Women, Robert J. Mcgrath, Wiggin Julie, Rosemary M. Caron

Health Management & Policy

Possessing a negative body image is associated with unhealthy eating habits and eating disorders in college women and has been linked to depression and negative feelings of self worth. Limited research exists on protective factors that have the potential to mitigate body image dissatisfaction. This paper examines the relationship of resilience to body image dissatisfaction in college women. Female, undergraduate college students were studied using previously validated measures. Results indicate that increased resilience is associated with improved body image.

Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program: 2008-2009 Annual Report, Southern Nevada Health District

Nevada Institute for Children's Research and Policy Reports

The goal of the Southern Nevada Health District Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) is to eliminate lead poisoning as a significant health risk for children living in the state of Nevada. These efforts started in Clark County, where over 70 percent of the state’s population resides, with the hope of expanding to Northern and rural Nevada by the end of the grant term.

Childhood Vaccination And Autism, Peggy K. Brinkman

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

In March, 2008, parents of a girl in Georgia were ruled to be entitled to compensation because their daughter developed autistic symptoms after being vaccinated with childhood vaccines (Doheny, 2008). This ruling truly questions the necessity of vaccination for childhood diseases and puts the question in the mind of every parent as to if they should vaccinate their child or not. The purpose of this study is to review literature on the epidemiologic relationship between childhood vaccinations and the development of autism.

Uncompensated Care Cost: A Pilot Study Using Hospitals In A Texas County, Alberto Coustasse, Andrea L. Lorden, Vishal Nemarugommula, Karan P. Singh

Management Faculty Research

The financial ramifications of uncompensated care cost (UCC) on the healthcare industry have been difficult to quantify. With the lack of a standardized definition of uncompensated care and the need to account for the uninsured, indigent, and immigrant populations, the authors identified $190 million of UCC from Southwestern border hospitals for emergency room treatment of undocumented immigrants and $934 million of uncompensated care charges for 23 hospitals in a Texas county, which translated to $353 million of UCC. Although lawmakers passed the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act (2003) to address the growing imbalance, the shortfall of funds highlights …

Dodge This: Do Environmental Chemicals Impact Your Health?, Gale B. Carey

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

Ua94/6/1 Student / Alumni Personal Papers Western Kentucky University Small Collections, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Small collections of personal papers and oral histories relating to the Western Kentucky University.

The Afford Health Marketing Initiative In Uganda: Mid-Term Evaluation, Oleksandr Rohozynsky, Christie Billingsley, Annette Bongiovanni

HIV and AIDS

AFFORD is a five-year (2005–10) social marketing initiative financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Uganda. It supports the Uganda Ministry of Health’s strategic plan to promote positive health-care-seeking behavior and reduce the shortage of health products and services related to family planning and reproductive health; child health; malaria prevention and treatment; and HIV prevention, care, and treatment. AFFORD seeks to achieve the sustainable marketing of products and services that prevent transmission of HIV, malaria, and diarrheal diseases; to help couples plan their families; and to help people living with HIV enjoy improved quality of life. Target groups …

The Overlooked Epidemic: Addressing Hiv Prevention And Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Sub-Saharan Africa, National Aids Control Council Of Kenya, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Globally, less than 1 out of 20 men who have sex with men (MSM) has access to HIV prevention and care. UNAIDS has estimated that at least 5 to 10 percent of all HIV infections globally occur through male-to-male sexual activity. In spite of the high risk of HIV infection and evidence of extensive sexual networks, national HIV programs in Africa have been slow to address MSM in prevention and treatment efforts. To address these issues, the Population Council and the National AIDS Control Council of Kenya convened a meeting on May 14–15, 2008. The goals of the meeting were …

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Cambodia 2005, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Cambodia 2005” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …