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Evaluation Of Xmx/2l-Mil Virtual Impactor Performance And Capture And Retention Of Aerosol Particles In Two Different Collection Media, Jon E. Black

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Air Force uses the XMX/2L-MIL (XMX) high volume air sampler to collect samples for biological analysis. The XMX uses a virtual impactor to concentrate particles 1.0 to 10 μm in size into a secondary flow prior to sample collection using a liquid impinger in a collection tube. There are no known published studies regarding virtual impactor inter-instrument variability, effect of reducing the secondary flow on particle concentration, or capture and retention efficiency (CRE) of particles in the collection media performance characteristics when using the XMX. These performance characteristics were evaluated by lofting test aerosols of Arizona Road …

Characterization Of Graphite Composite Material Particulates From Usaf Aircraft Maintenance Operations, Richard E. Yon

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the benefits of their material properties, advanced composite materials (ACM) are increasingly being used as structural components on aircraft, especially within the United States Air Force. As a result, the potential exists for occupational exposures to structural maintenance employees while repairing and fabricating aircraft components. Two field studies were conducted for this thesis in order to characterize ACM aerosol size distribution, determine the feasibility of utilizing direct reading instruments (DRIs) in the field, and ensure workers are protected with adequate controls. In order to characterize exposure, traditional integrated air sampling and DRIs were positioned together near an ACM …

Combating Biological Terrorism From Imported Food, Jeffrey S. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

There is a threat that a terrorist or terrorist organization will use access to the US food supply to kill or sicken Americans by contaminating imported food products from Mexico. The food that Americans eat is coming more and more often from foreign countries such as Mexico. Foodborne diseases infect nearly fifty million people in the US each year, resulting in over three thousand deaths. There are many terrorist organizations that would like to deliberately contaminate American food. Drug cartels and terrorist organizations currently operate in Mexico, one of the leading food importers into the US. The purpose of this …

Organs Watch: Possibilities And Perils For Public Anthropology, Roberto Abadie

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Recent technological advances in biomedicine have introduced new therapeutic possibilities but have also contributed to the emergence of a global market for human bodies and body parts. For example, artificial modes of human reproduction created a market for eggs, semen, and surrogate wombs. In addition, organ transfer generated a demand for kidneys and half livers. The whole body has become a valuable commodity as professional research subjects venture into the economy of Phase I Clinical Trials, testing drug safety for pharmaceutical companies. In the process, the trade has become a deeply unequal one in which poor, vulnerable, and easily exploited …

Circadian Rhythm Of Cortisol And Neighborhood Characteristics In A Population-Based Sample: The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, D. Phuong Do, Ana V. Diez Roux, Anjum Hajat, Amy Auchincloss, Sharon Merkin, Nalini Ranjit, Steven Shea, Teresa Seeman

Faculty Publications

Although stress is often hypothesized to contribute to the effects of neighborhoods on health, very few studies have investigated associations of neighborhood characteristics with stress biomarkers. This study helps address the gap in the literature by examining whether neighborhood characteristics are associated with cortisol profiles. Analyses were based on data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress study which collected multiple measures of salivary cortisol over three days on a population based sample of approximately 800 adults. Multilevel models with splines were used to examine associations of cortisol with neighborhood poverty, violence, disorder, and social cohesion. Neighborhood violence was significantly …

Lifeskills Training Wellness Program: An Application For Young Adults In Supermarkets, Christopher Williams, Jessica Samuolis, Kenneth W. Griffin, Gilbert J. Botvin

Psychology Faculty Publications

To address the need for workplace substance use prevention programming, National Health Promotion Associates (NHPA) developed the LifeSkills Training Wellness Program (LST-WP) with funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA’s) Young Adults in the Workplace (YIW) grant program. LST-WP adapts and extends the highly effective, school-based LifeSkills Training (LST) model program (Botvin, 1998; Botvin et al., 1995) and provides comprehensive skills training for adolescent and young adult employees in communication, problem-solving, conflict resolution, drug resistance, and related life skills. Overall, the program is designed to be highly flexible to meet employee and manager needs across different …

Pendapat Pembaca Awam Terhadap Buku “Air Susu Ibu: Dari Ayah Untuk Ibu Dan Bayi”, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Andi Mariyasari Septiari, Suci Destriatania

Kesmas

Kendati ayah diketahui berperan sebagai pendukung praktik pemberian air susu ibu (ASI), akses ayah terhadap informasi mengenai praktik pemberian ASI yang benar sangat minim. Buku dapat menjadi salah satu saluran informasi yang potensial. Studi pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk menggali pendapat para pembaca sukarelawan laki-laki dan perempuan mengenai isi dan manfaat sebuah buku tentang ASI dan peran ayah. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sukarelawan dipilih sebagai informan secara purposif berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, paritas, dan tingkat kegemaran membaca buku. Analisis isi (content analysis) dilakukan terhadap hasil wawancara dengan menggunakan matriks perbandingan (comparative matrix). Sebagai temuan studi ini, …

Kebutaan Pada Pasien Glaukoma Primer Di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, Fetty Ismandari, Helda Helda

Kesmas

Glaukoma adalah penyebab kebutaan permanen nomor dua di Indonesia yang sering tidak disadari oleh penderita. Proporsi pasien baru glaukoma yang datang ke RSUPN Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam kondisi buta cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebutaan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 420 pasien glaukoma primer yang berkunjung di poliklinik penyakit mata RSCM pada Januari 2007-Oktober 2009 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model untuk mendapatkan nilai prevalence ratio (PR). Penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kebutaan akibat glaukoma primer tekanan intraokular (PR = 1,01; 95% …

An Update On Red Light Camera Research: The Need For Federal Standards In The Interest Of Public Safety, Barbara Langland-Orban, John T. Large, Etienne E. Pracht

Florida Public Health Review

Since publishing our critique of red light camera (RLC) studies in 2008, we have gained increased insights on the controversy over RLCs. Herein we provide additional information on RLCs, and use a question-and-answer format to address frequently asked questions. This update includes the rationale given for ignoring fatalities at RLC sites, the convergence in findings from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's compendium of best RLC studies, common violations of research methods in RLC evaluations, the RLC cost-to-benefit implications for motorists, an explanation for the increase in rear-end crashes at RLC sites, and why RLCs may be ineffective in reducing …

Perceptions Of Anti-Smoking Messages Amongst High School Students In Pakistan, Syed M. A. Zaidi, Abdul L. Bikak, Ayesha Shaheryar, Syed H. Imam, Javaid A. Khan

Department of Medicine

Background: Surveys have provided evidence that tobacco use is widely prevalent amongst the youth in Pakistan. Several reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of various tobacco control programs, however, few have taken into account the perceptions of students themselves regarding these measures. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective anti-smoking messages that can be delivered to high-school students in Pakistan, based on their self-rated perceptions. It also aimed to assess the impact of pictorial/multi-media messages compared with written health warnings and to discover differences in perceptions of smokers to those of non-smokers to health warning messages. Methods: …

Project Red: A Transformation Approach To Post-Discharge Care, Shane Flickinger Mha, Shawna G. Kates Lsw, Msw, Mba, Cmac

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Hpn Winter 2011 Download Full Pdf

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Head Lice And Hygiene Practices Among Women Over Twelve Years Of Age In Sindh, Balochistan, And North West Frontier Province: National Health Survey Of Pakistan, 1990-1994., Sadia Mahmud, Gregory Pappas, Wilbur C Hadden

Community Health Sciences

Background: Head lice infestation is an infection of the scalp and skin which causes blood loss, discomfort, and social and psychological distress with the possibility of secondary bacterial infections occurring at scratch sites. In Pakistan, although some small scale studies have been conducted to investigate prevalence of head lice in school children and the general population, no population based estimates have been reported. The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP 1990 - 94) was a nationally representative health examination survey of the Pakistani population. The NHSP is the first population based household survey to collect data on the prevalence of …

A Study Of Riders' Noise Exposure On Bay Area Rapid Transit Trains, Alexis Dinno, Cynthia Powell, Margaret Mary King

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Excessive noise exposure may present a hazard to hearing, cardiovascular and psychosomatic health. Mass transit systems, such as the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, are potential sources of excessive noise. The purpose of this study was to characterize transit noise and riders' exposure to noise on the BART system using three dosimetry metrics. We made 268 dosimetry measurements on a convenience sample of 51 line segments. Dosimetry measures were modeled using linear and non-linear multiple regression as functions of average velocity, tunnel enclosure, flooring, and wet weather conditions, and presented visually on a map of the BART system. This …

The Effects Of Culturally Sensitive Education In Driving South Asian Indian Immigrant Women Towards Mammography Screening In New Jersey, Elise Elizabeth Kumar

Theses

Background & Purpose of the Study: Breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer, and is becoming a major public health issue concern for many South Asian Indian immigrant women. However, women of ethnic subgroups and those who immigrated to the United States within the last ten years are less likely to have had a recent mammogram. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a culturally sensitive breast cancer educational intervention on breast cancer knowledge, perception of cancer fatalism, and improved participation in mammography screening among South Asian Indian immigrant women. Methods: Utilizing a quasi -experimental pretest/post …

Evaluation Of A Quality Management Initiative And Hiv Ambulatory Services Performance In Thailand, Meemon Natthani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The accomplishment of pilot implementation of the HIVQUAL-T model, an innovative HIV care quality management tool, has led to an authoritative decision to scale up the use of the model nationwide in Thailand. However, the level of implementing this model varies across target hospitals. Some hospitals have fully adopted the model by conducting quality improvement (QI) activities following performance measurement (PM) results while others have partially adopted only PM or have not used this model at all. The differential level of implementation could be a contributing factor accounting for discrepancies in the quality of care across different HIV ambulatory care …

Prevalence Of Metabolic Abnormalities In Children With Varying Degrees Of Obesity, Leah Sabato

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

As the prevalence of obesity among children has risen, metabolic syndrome, a cluster of abnormalities which includes obesity, altered glucose metabolism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, has increasingly become recognized in the pediatric population. Metabolic syndrome has been studied extensively in adults, and there is increasing interest to understand the condition in adolescents; however, studies of metabolic syndrome in younger children are limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among children aged 6-10 years. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were gathered retrospectively from the medical records of 222 obese children aged …

Katrina's Animal Legacy: The Pets Act, Marita Mike, Rebecca Mike, Clark J. Lee

Homeland Security Publications

This article discusses issues related to the federal Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act of 2006 (PETS Act), which was signed into law in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Issues discussed in this article include:

1. Various problems concerning animal evacuations and sheltering that Hurricane Katrina brought to light;
2. Provisions of the PETS Act and related laws and policies which were developed in response to the tragedies brought about by Hurricane Katrina; and
3. Strengths and weaknesses of the PETS Act and recommends next steps to improve implementation of the PETS Act.

Alzheimer’S Disease, Carol Watwood

DLPS Faculty Publications

Alzheimer’s disease is a common health issue mostly found in elderly persons. An overview of the disease and a list of reliable Web-based information sources suitable for a general audience are presented.

The Influence Of School Eating Environment On Children's Eating Behaviors: An Examination Of The Snda-Iii, Sabrina M. Neeley

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States has prompted researchers to examine the factors that contribute to children’s food choices and consumption. Schools provide ample opportunities to teach children healthy eating habits, as well as create eating environments that are conducive to healthy eating behaviors. The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides federally assisted meals to millions of children every day and the assessment of the NSLP provides an opportunity to examine the school-eating environment. Hierarchical and logistic modeling of the SNDA-III, the USDA assessment of the NSLP, was conducted to determine relationships between environmental factors …

Suicide And Suicide Risk In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Populations: Review And Recommendations, Ann P. Haas, Mickey Eliason, Vickie M. Mays, Robin M. Mathy, Susan D. Cochran, Anthony R. D'Augelli, Morton M. Silverman, Prudence W. Fisher, Tonda Hughes, Margaret Rosario, Stephen T. Russell, Effie Malley, Jerry Reed, David A. Litts, Ellen Haller, Randall L. Sell, Gary Remafedi, Judith Bradford, Annette L. Beautrais, Gregory K. Brown, Gary M. Diamond, Mark S. Friedman, Robert Garofalo, Mason S. Turner, Amber Hollibaugh, Paula J. Clayton

Publications and Research

Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.

Prevalence, Knowledge, And Concern About Bed Bugs, Mary Beth Kaylor

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Recent research suggests that the United States and the world are on the verge of a bed bug pandemic. Assumptions have been made that socioeconomic status is not an indicator and that bed bugs are not competent disease vectors. However, little information is available at the local level about the prevalence of bed bugs in private homes. This study aimed to identify prevalence, knowledge, and concern about bed bugs in one village in Ohio. Responses from 96 individuals who completed the Prevalence, Knowledge, and Concern about Bed Bugs (PK CABB) survey were utilized for data analysis. The majority of the …

Hla/Kir Restraint Of Hiv: Surviving The Fittest, Arman A. Bashirova, Rasmi Thomas, Mary Carrington

United States Public Health Resources

Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, and more recently the killer cell immunoglobulin-like (KIR) locus has been implicated in differential responses to the virus. Genome-wide association studies have convincingly shown that the HLA class I locus is the most significant host genetic contributor to the variation in HIV control, underscoring a central role for CD8 T cells in resistance to the virus. However, both genetic and functional data indicate that part of the HLA effect on HIV is due to interactions between KIR …

Nih And Usda Funding Of Dietary Supplement Research, 1999–2007, Karen S. Regan, Edwina A. Wambogo, Carol J. Haggans

United States Public Health Resources

Over one-half of U.S. adults use dietary supplements, so federally supported research into the safety and effectiveness of these compounds is important for the health of many Americans. Data collected in the Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements database, which compiles federally sponsored dietary supplement-related research, are useful to scientists in determining the type of dietary supplement research that federal agencies are currently funding and where research gaps exist. This article describes the dietary supplement-related research funded by the NIH and the USDA. Between fiscal years 1999 and 2007, the number of research projects and funding for dietary supplement …

Substance Use Disorders In Iraq And Afghanistan Veterans In Va Healthcare, 2001–2010: Implications For Screening, Diagnosis And Treatment, Karen H. Seal, Greg Cohen, Angela Waldrop, Beth E. Cohen, Shira Maguen, Li Ren

United States Public Health Resources

Background: The prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) diagnoses in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who are new users of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare nationwide has not been evaluated.

Methods: VA administrative data were used in retrospective cross-sectional descriptive and multivariable analyses to determine the prevalence and independent correlates of AUD and DUD in 456,502 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who were first-time users of VA healthcare between October 15, 2001 and September 30, 2009 and followed through January 1, 2010.

Results: Over 11% received substance use disorder diagnoses: AUD, …

Situation Assessment Of The Hiv Response Among Young People In Zambia, Sam Kalibala, Drosin Mulenga

HIV and AIDS

The main objective of this situational assessment is to compile and synthesize existing recent information on HIV and young people together with the current AIDS response for young people in Zambia—including programs, policies, and key partners—and to document gaps and challenges in the response. The assessment aims to further strengthen this response by all stakeholders including the Government of the Republic of Zambia, the UN, faith-based organizations, civil society organizations, donors, young people, and youth-led organizations. Recommendations include: amending and strengthening laws related to HIV programming for young people and involving them in design and implementation; offering health services, life …

Migration And Hiv In India: Study Of Select Districts, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Alka Narang, Umesh Chawla

HIV and AIDS

Report of a study assessing the important role of migration in the spread of HIV in districts with high out-migration in India. The study suggests a considerable spread of HIV linked to migrants’ extramarital sexual behaviors, and subsequent delay in treatment for infected spouses. In order to control the spread of HIV, the study provides programmatic recommendations made by the study participants and the counselors from ICTCs and ART centers. These suggestions include village-level mapping of at-risk persons, mainstreaming HIV prevention interventions within current health resources, improving various village level HIV prevention programs, and involving women left behind by migrant …

Hiv Transmission Among Married Men And Women In Districts With High Out-Migration In India: Study Brief, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Umesh Chawla, Alka Narang

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes a study examining the links between male out-migration and HIV transmission among married men and women and other mechanisms by which HIV is transmitted within marital relationships in districts with high out-migration.

Evaluation Of The Informed Consent Process For Male Circumcision Scale-Up In Swaziland, Barbara Friedland, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, Meredith Sheehy, Paul C. Hewett

HIV and AIDS

This report evaluates the informed consent process for male circumcision conducted through the Male Circumcision Partnership for Swaziland, led by Population Services International, in partnership with Jhpiego, Marie Stopes International, and the Population Council. The study assesses participants' comprehension of the circumcision process, the informed consent process, as well as the affect of male circumcision counseling on their experience.

The Effects Of Racially-Motivated Emotional Arousal On The Eating Behaviors Of African American Women, Lenwood W. Hayman

Wayne State University Dissertations

Disparities between African Americans and Caucasians remain vast across a wide variety of health indicators. Chronic stress has been identified as a risk factor for a variety of chronic illnesses and poor health outcomes. One type of chronic stress that has been linked to health disparities is the stress associated with experiences of racial discrimination. The stress African Americans encounter as a result of their racist experiences contributes to a chronic elevation of their physiological stress response. In addition to stress, a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and diabetes is obesity, which has been established as a major …