Digital Commons Network^™

Speech By Maryland Attorney General J. Joseph Curran, Jr., J. Joseph Curran Jr.

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Violence In The Home - Pediatric And Parental Reports, Bonnie D. Kerker, Sarah Mccue Horwitz, John M. Leventhal, Stacey Plichta, Phillip J. Leaf

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives: To compare the rates of domestic violence reported by mothers with those identified by physicians, to compare the rates of harsh discipline practices reported by mothers with the rates of abuse identified by physicians, and to examine the relationship between reported domestic violence and harsh discipline practices.

Design: Interviews with parents and pediatricians to compare pediatric detection of domestic violence and child abuse with parental reports of domestic violence and harsh discipline practices.

Setting: Community-based pediatric practices in the 13-town greater New Haven, Conn, area.

Participants: Of the 23 practices invited, 19 agreed to participate. Of the 2006 parents …

Assessment Of Knowledge Regarding Three Popular Dietary Supplements: Chromium Picolinate, Creatine, And Androstenedione, Terry L. Williams Jr.

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics Of Smoking Regulations, Thaddeus Mason Pope

Faculty Scholarship

Ten years ago, philosopher Robert E. Goodin published "No Smoking: The Ethical Issues." Goodin argued that the liberty of smokers can be justifiably limited for two reasons: to prevent harm to third persons and to prevent harm to smokers themselves under circumstances which make their decision to smoke substantially non-autonomous. In this article Thaddeus Pope reexamines the harm principle and the soft paternalism principle in light of more recent legal developments, gives them additional content, and carefully demarcates the justificatory scope of each. Pope also defines and defends a third liberty-limiting principle, hard paternalism, arguing that the liberty of smokers …

Is Malnutrition Declining? An Analysis Of Changes In Levels Of Childhood Malnutrition Since 1980, Mercedes De Onis, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Monika Blo¨ Ssner

Faculty Publications

Nutritional status is the best global indicator of well-being in children. Although many surveys of children have been conducted since the 1970s, lack of comparability between them has made it difficult to monitor trends in child malnutrition.

Cross-sectional data from 241 nationally representative surveys were analysed in a standard way to produce comparable results of low height-for-age (stunting). Multilevel modelling was applied to estimate regional and global trends from 1980 to 2005.

The prevalence of stunting has fallen in developing countries from 47% in 1980 to 33% in 2000 (i.e. by 40 million), although progress has been uneven according to …

Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Women, J. David Branch, Russell R. Pate, Sharon P. Bourque

Faculty Publications

Among women, there is an increased prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and less participation in physical activity at levels recommended by the Surgeon General. As a result, women have been identified as a target group in public health initiatives to increase physical activity. The health-related benefits of habitual, moderate intensity physical activity are well documented in the epidemiological literature, but less is known about the effect of such physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness. Our hypothesis was that moderate and vigorous exercise training regimens of similar estimated energy expenditure would result in similar changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Eighteen sedentary premenopausal women with …

Egipto: Los Proveedores De Servicios De Planificación Deben Motivar A Sus Clientas A Hablar De Sus Problemas De Sexualidad, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Critical Analysis Of Interventions Against Fgc In Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

Community-based programs designed to discourage the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) in Egypt started as early as the 1920s, however, NGOs seldom document the implementation, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach; or difficulties faced in implementation or ways of overcoming those difficulties. The present meta-assessment was designed by the Population Council to address these issues. Recommendations proposed to increase the effectiveness of anti-FGC interventions in Egypt include: conducting formative research to assess the needs of individuals/communities; using more participatory learning techniques in awareness-raising seminars and training workshops; focusing messages not only on the health hazards of FGC, but also …

A Pilot Intervention To Increase Parent-Child Communication About Alcohol Avoidance, Joan M. Carlson, Michele Johnson Moore, Deborah M. Pappas, Chudley E. Werch, Graham F. Watts, Patricia A. Edgemon

Public Health Faculty Research and Scholarship

Enhancing parent-child communication regarding alcohol use through educational print correspondence is a potentially cost-effective tool in health promotion. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine whether a series of postcards addressing specific alcohol risk and protective factors, sent to the parents/guardians of preadolescents in two different school settings, influenced parent-child communication regarding alcohol use. Subjects for this study included parents of participating 6th grade students attending one neighborhood (N=262) and one magnet (bused) (N=388) inner-city school. Participating students were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Baseline data were collected from students, enabling the intervention to be …

A Comparative Analysis Of Anti-Trafficking Intervention Approaches In Nepal, Catrin Evans, Pankaja Bhattarai, Celine Daly, Vaishali Sharma Mahendra, Nick Langton

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report on current intervention models is part of a larger research study entitled “Intervention Needs for the Prevention of Trafficking and the Care and Support of Trafficked Persons in the Context of an Emerging HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nepal.” The United States Agency for International Development supported this comprehensive study under the Population Council’s Horizons Program. The Population Council subcontracted the Asia Foundation in Kathmandu to conduct the research. This report documents and analyzes current intervention models for the prevention of trafficking and the care and support of trafficked persons in Nepal. Between August and September 2000, two researchers interviewed …

Women Street Vendors: The Road To Recognition, Monique Cohen

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of SEEDS explores the experience of women working and organizing as urban street vendors at a time when both the volume of demand and the number of vendors are expected to grow. As municipalities seek to change laws that affect how street vendors ply their trade, it is clear that vendors must have a seat at the table. Local-level organizational efforts need to be consolidated at the national level to cement vendors’ hard-earned gains as rights in national laws and policy. A 1995 meeting in Bellagio conceived an international alliance of street vendors—StreetNet—which aims to promote the exchange …

The Potential Role Of Contraception In Reducing Abortion, John Bongaarts, Charles F. Westoff

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Since the 1960s the proportion of couples practicing contraception has risen rapidly, particularly in the developing world, and the mix of methods is now dominated by modern methods. Despite these trends, the incidence of unintended pregnancy remains high mainly because the number of children desired has declined. Worldwide there are almost as many unintended as intended pregnancies each year (not counting miscarriages, which are excluded in this analysis) and more than half of these unintended pregnancies end in abortion. This study examines the potential role of further increases in contraceptive prevalence and effectiveness in reducing abortion rates. The model used …

Unmet Need For Family Planning In Developing Countries And Implications For Population Policy, John B. Casterline, Steven W. Sinding

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Unmet need for family planning has been a core concept in international population discourse for several decades. In this paper we reevaluate its utility. We review the history of unmet need and the development of increasingly refined methods of its empirical measurement. We then turn to the main questions that have been raised about unmet need during the past decade, some of which concern the validity of the concept and others its role in the post-ICPD environment. The discussion draws heavily on empirical research conducted during the 1990s, much of it localized, in-depth studies combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies, that …

Socialization To Gender Roles And Marriage Among Egyptian Adolescents, Barbara Mensch, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Susan M. Lee, Omaima El-Gibaly

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Using nationally representative survey data, this paper explores gender role socialization and attitudes toward marriage among unmarried Egyptian adolescents aged 16-19 years. We examine the daily activities of adolescent boys and girls, views about age at marriage and desirable qualities in a spouse, and various indicators of gender role attitudes including opinions about whether wives should defer to husbands, about sharing household decisionmaking, and about responsibility for domestic tasks. Our findings reflect strong gender differentiation: girls have much less free time than boys, are much less mobile, are much less likely to participate in paid work, and have heavier domestic …

Future Trends In Contraception In The Developing World: Prevalence And Method Mix, John Bongaarts, Elof D.B. Johansson

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The main objectives of this study are to review existing methodologies for projecting future trends in contraception, evaluate the validity of the assumptions underlying these projections, propose methodological improvements, and assess the prospects for new methods of contraception in the coming decade. The prevalence of contraception in the developing world has increased dramatically over the past several decades from near zero to around 60 percent in 2000. Demand for contraception can be expected to continue to rise rapidly for the next few decades as population size continues to grow and fertility declines further to near the replacement level. As a …

Some Preconditions For Fertility Decline In Bengal: History, Language Identity, And An Openness To Innovations, Alaka Malwade Basu, Sajeda Amin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper argues that looking solely for the immediate causes of reproductive change may fail to take into account not only the impact of policies and programs but the societal decision to adopt these policies and programs to begin with. The paper examines the historical origins and spread of ‘modern’ ideas in Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. It concludes that a colonial history in which education and modernization processes took hold very early among the elite in the larger Bengal region was paradoxically accompanied by a strong allegiance to the Bengali language. This strong sense of …

Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report On A Workshop [Arabic], Carey Meyers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report, co-published by the Population Council and the International Center for Research on Women, describes a workshop convened in Cairo in 1999 to learn more about the nature of both younger and older adolescents' work experience, differentiate the particular needs and potentials of adolescent girls, and identify programs and policies that might have promise for supporting them.

Slippery When Wet: The Effects Of Local Alcohol Access Laws On Highway Safety, Reagan Anne Baughman, Michael Edward Conlin, Stacy Dickert-Conlin, John V. Pepper

Center for Policy Research

This paper examines 237 instances of policy changes related to alcohol sales and consumption enacted in Texas communities between 1975 and 1996 to determine their effect on the incidence of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents. These policies are categorized by location where the alcohol is consumed after sale (on the premises or off) and the type of alcohol available for consumption (beer and wine or hard liquor). After controlling for both county and year fixed effects, we find evidence that (i) the sale of alcohol for consumption on the premises (in bars and restaurants) is associated with a sizeable increase in …

Tactile Hazardous Material Information System (Thmis), Alejandro Ruiz

Theses

In today's work environment, many dangers exist around that can harm workers who are not aware of the hazards in their environment. If these workers happen to be visually impaired, then identifying those hazards with the present labeling systems would be difficult. The Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS) was chosen to be adapted with tactile patterns and numbers. The tactile patterns and numbers would not change the layout and intent of the HMIS, but enhance its effectiveness.

Five tactile patterns and five tactile numbers were designed to be recognizable and simple. The patterns and numbers were tested and observed to …

A Participatory Evaluation Of The Life-Skills Training Programme In Myanmar, Unicef, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In 1993 UNICEF/Myanmar launched an innovative project aimed at preventing the further spread of HIV/AIDS through the promotion of reproductive health. One of the activities undertaken was life-skills training for women and youth, conducted in collaboration with the Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) and the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association (MMCWA). The objective of the training activities was to encourage and promote informed decision-making and care-seeking behavior among youth and women. The training aims to provide detailed and accurate information concerning sexuality, birth spacing, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS, and to provide skills for youth and women to enable …

Are Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia And Binge Eating Genetically Caused?, Lurlena A. Burnett

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

Une Banque De Solutions : Un Outil Pour Les Bâtisseurs, Michèle Gervais, Denise Chicoine, Denise Granger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le concept de banque de solutions a pris son essor dans les années 1980. Les banques sont considérées comme d'excellents véhicules pour la diffusion de l'information en matière de prévention. Elles répertorient des solutions qui ont été implantées avec succès dans des entreprises afin que ces expériences puissent servir à d'autres industries. Néanmoins, une enquête récente sur les banques existantes révèle que certaines banques n'ont pas connu la croissance escomptée et elles ont été délaissées par leur clientèle. Dans le but de contrer ce phénomène, une analyse des conditions nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des banques, issue de la littérature, met …

Analyse Comparative Des Principales Méthodes D'Évaluation Des Risques De Maux De Dos Et Préparation D'Une Grille D'Identification Des Facteurs De Risques, Robert Gilbert, Daniel Leblanc, Sylvie Nadeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'objectif premier de cette recherche est de revoir, de façon critique et rigoureuse, la problématique des maux de dos et ses fondements. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord construit une grille d'analyse s'appuyant sur:

Il est évident que la cause immédiate (au sens des arbres de défaillances) des lésions au dos est l'effort, en principe répété ou non. C'est en ce sens que nous avons analysé les divers mécanismes lésionnels concernant les diverses structures du dos.

De ces analyses, la question fondamentale qui …

Adjustment Of Permissible Exposure Values To Unusual Work Schedules, Jules Brodeur, Adolf Vyskocil, Robert Tardif, Guy Perrault, Daniel Drolet, Ginette Truchon, François Lemay

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

Élaboration D'Une Stratégie D'Échantillonnage Et D'Analyse Pour Les Principaux Procédés Produisant Ou Utilisant Des Dérivés Du Chrome Hexavalent, Notamment Les Chromates, Au Québec, Pierre Larivière, Claude Ostiguy, Guy Perrault, Marc-André Lavoie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce travail vise à proposer différentes stratégies d’échantillonnage pour les principaux procédés produisant et utilisant des chromates au Québec. Elle vise de plus à classifier les différents produits du chrome hexavalent en fonction de leur solubilité ou de leur insolubilité afin de faciliter l’application du règlement.

Évaluation De La Concentration De Fibres D'Amiante Émises Dans L'Air Ambiant De Bâtiments Scolaires, Chantal Dion, Guy Perrault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Une démarche préventive a été initiée dans les écoles, en mars 1998, par le ministère de l'Éducation du Québec (MEQ) et le ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux (MSSS), afin d'évaluer les possibilités d'exposition à l'amiante. Un critère de gestion de 0, 01 fé¹/mL a été retenu par le MSSS pour identifier des sources possibles d'émission de fibres dans l'air des édifices publics.

L'objectif de la présente étude était de prélever un nombre significatif d'échantillons dans des locaux des bâtiments scolaires dont les matériaux floqués étaient très dégradés et d'évaluer les concentrations de fibres d'amiante dans …

Équipes Semi-Autonomes De Travail : Description Et Préoccupations De 12 Entreprises Manufacturières Québécoises, Mario Roy, Jean-Charles Guindon, Clotilde Pelletier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'organisation du travail en équipes semi-autonomes (ESA) vient bouleverser la répartition du pouvoir décisionnel au sein des entreprises. En plus de réaliser le travail, les membres des ESA assument des responsabilités qui sont dévolues aux contremaîtres ou superviseurs de premier niveau dans les organisations traditionnelles. Ce changement de rôle fait en sorte que les ESA deviennent un nouvel acteur dans la gestion de la santé et de la sécurité du travail des établissements. L'arrivée de ce nouvel acteur implique une répartition des responsabilités qui reste à être inventée dans les milieux visés puisque le rôle des ESA n'a évidemment pas …

Innovations Organisationnelles Et Sécurité Du Travail Dans Le Secteur Du Textile, Normand Laplante

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Plusieurs entreprises implantent des innovations diverses dans le but de maintenir ou d'accroître leur compétitivité et d'améliorer la qualité de leur production. Dans cette recherche, nous étudions plus particulièrement les stratégies d'implantation de changements organisationnels au sein de sept entreprises du secteur du textile et les impacts sur la sécurité des travailleurs. Ce rapport présente les relations entre le mode de gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail, son intégration au changement organisationnel et les performances des entreprises au chapitre de la santé et sécurité du travail. Ces performances sont évaluées à partir des statistiques de lésions professionnelles, des …

Les Accidents De Travail En Forêt : Analyse De Scénarios D'Accidents Survenus Entre Le 1er Juin 1997 Et Le 31 Mai 1998 : Résumé, François Hébert, Esther Cloutier, Michèle Gervais, Denise Granger, Micheline Lévy, Paul Massicotte

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Élaboration D'Une Formation À L'Affilage Des Couteaux Dans Six Usines D'Abattage Et De Transformation Du Porc : Une Étude Ergonomique, Nicole Vézina, Johane Prévost, Alain P. Lajoie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans les usines d'abattage et de transformation du porc, l'utilisation du couteau est intensive et son entretien par un bon affilage sur le fusil (lime) est nécessaire afin de maintenir pendant le travail, la qualité de coupe de la lame. Plusieurs études ont permis de constater que les travailleurs dans ce secteur d'emploi éprouvent des difficultés à maintenir leur couteau bien tranchant. Dans le contexte où la qualité de coupe de la lame conditionne les efforts du travailleur pour réaliser la découpe et où la fréquence des lésions musculo-squelettiques aux membres supérieurs dans ces usines est très élevée, un projet …