Digital Commons Network^™

A Study Of User Perspectives On The Diaphragm In An Urban Indian Setting, T.K. Sundari Ravindran

Reproductive Health

This study attempted to examine user perspectives regarding the desirability of the diaphragm as a contraceptive method when included among other methods distributed freely through a family planning (FP) clinic. It sought to introduce on an experimental basis, the diaphragm into an ongoing and well-established FP clinic to increase contraceptive choice. This was primarily a qualitative study aimed at understanding women's perceptions about the risks and benefits, the reasons for use of the diaphragm, and the practical difficulties of using it effectively. It also studied the influence of service delivery factors in acceptance of this method. The study was part …

Follow-Up Study Among Iud Acceptors Of Java, R. Hasan M. Hoesni, M. Hasan, Anthony Tan, Jayanti Tuladhar, Jusuf S. Effendi, Bantuk Hadijanto, Pudjo Hartono

Reproductive Health

As of April 1993, an estimated 5.3 million women in Indonesia were using IUDs. In 1991, the IUD was the second most commonly used family planning method in Indonesia (13.4 percent). According to the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, in 1994 it became the third most commonly used method among currently married women (10.3 percent), primarily on the islands of Java and Bali. The National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN), in collaboration with the Faculties of Medicine, Diponegoro University in Semarang, Airlangga University in Surabaya, and BKS-Penfin in Bandung, conducted a "Follow-up Study Among IUD Acceptors of Java,” from November …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of The Dmpa Injectable Contraceptive: Data From Focus Group Discussions, Maria Carmela Patron, Marilou P. Costello

Reproductive Health

This report is based on data from 12 focus group discussions conducted throughout the Philippines as part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies. The DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies are part of a technical assistance project undertaken by the Population Council in support of the Department of Health’s DMPA Reintroduction Program. The project provides data on DMPA (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate) acceptance and continuation rates as well profiles of DMPA users and dropouts to serve as bases for decisions and policies that will ensure quality services. The project draws information from several sources including a 15-month monitoring of DMPA acceptors; surveys …

Operations Research For Program Planning And Management, Alejandro N. Herrin

Reproductive Health

The Family Planning Operations Research and Training Program of the Philippines was established in 1992 to strengthen the nation's capacity to carry out and utilize operations research (OR) for program planning and management. It has sponsored training workshops and funded OR studies on issues of priority to both national and local program managers. The program’s recent activities, culminated in the National Research Utilization Conference held in September 1994, were designed to assist in the institutionalization processes. However, more needs to be done to determine how these processes will actually work in specific national and local government agencies and academic and …

Current Experiences With Community-Based Distribution Of Family Planning In Kenya: A Review Prepared For Usaid/Kenya, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Kenya has been one of the leading countries worldwide in developing and implementing community-based distribution (CBD) programs as part of the national family planning (FP) program. CBD activities in Kenya are coordinated by the National Council for Population and Development, with support from USAID and other donor agencies. Kenya’s CBD program has been widely publicized because of its success in improving access to FP information and services, and its diversity of organizational structures. USAID would like to review the current situation and possible future directions before designing its CBD strategy for the next five-year bilateral project. The Africa OR/TA II …

Quality Of Care In Family Planning Service Delivery In Kenya: Clients' And Providers' Perspectives, Lewis Ndhlovu

Reproductive Health

In recent years, the increasing number of organizations that have studied quality of care in international family planning (FP) programs demonstrates the importance the topic has acquired. To define quality of care in FP, the Bruce–Jain framework of six elements of care (choice of methods, information given to clients, technical competence, interpersonal relations, continuity and follow up, and appropriate constellation of services) have been used as the standard. However, what has been overlooked in this approach is the clients' perspectives of service quality. This study sought to narrow the gap in knowledge about the comparability and consistency in views between …

Day Of Dialogue On Contraceptive Methods For Today And Tomorrow: Developments, Prospects, And Issues, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This “aide-memoire” records the substance of the presentations and discussions of a Day of Dialogue—spanning two half-days on June 20–21, 1994—among representatives of the European donor community and the Population Council on “Contraceptive Methods for Today and Tomorrow: Developments, Prospects, and Issues.” The discussion covered how contraceptives are developed, prospects for new technology, areas of controversy surrounding current and potential methods, and ways to improve the process. This is the third Day of Dialogue the Population Council has been instrumental in organizing. The format for these meetings is simple and informal: Population Council staff and invited experts from other organizations …

District Level Baseline Survey Of Family Planning Program In Uttar Pradesh: Rampur, S.K.G. Dastidar, Tausif Alam Khan, B.P. Thiagrajan, R.B. Gupta, Bella C. Patel, M.E. Khan, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The Government of India and the United States Agency for International Development began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) in Uttar Pradesh under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA). The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by accelerating family planning (FP) services at the district level through innovative approaches. IFPS’s main objectives were to increase access to FP services, improve the quality of FP services, and promote contraceptive use. Initially 15 districts were selected for the Baseline Survey in Uttar Pradesh (BSUP). The baseline information collected will be …

Effectiveness Of An Interdisciplinary Chronic Low Back Pain Program Based On Return To Work Outcome, John R. Bromfield, Deborah A. Knowles, Stacie M. Schoenberg

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Midwestern Hospital's Interdisciplinary Outpatient Chronic Low Back Pain program. Rate of return to work was selected as the outcome measure for effectiveness. For purposes of discussion, the percentage of patients who were compliant with home exercise, who were involved in a vocational rehabilitation program, and who consulted a physician since discharge were analyzed. There were 118 male and female subjects, average age of 43; who successfully completed the 8 week chronic low back pain program between 1992 and 1994. Subjects were then sent questionnaires at 1, 3, 6, …

The Implementation Of A Needleless Iv System And Its Impact In Needlestick Injuries, Renée Gadilhe Childers

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

No abstract provided.

Practice Nurses And Hepatitis B : Preventative Actions And Their Relationship To Health Beliefs, Helen Le Sueur

Theses : Honours

Hepatitis B is a major, largely undiagnosed disease in the community and nurses working in doctors' surgeries (practice nurses) undertake many clinical tasks which may expose them to the Hepatitis B virus. Using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this correlational-descriptive study was to determine what actions are taken, by practice nurses in Western Australia to protect themselves against Hepatitis B, and to what extent their health beliefs contribute to those actions. A response rate of 59% (118) was obtained from an anonymous, confidential questionnaire sent to a random sample of 200 practice nurses in …

A Mathematical Model To Describe Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Within Western Australia, Kevin Dennis

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This work is primarily aimed at determining the effect that an immunisation policy Is likely to have on the incidence of Haemophllus influenzae Type B (HIB) and systematic HIB in Western Australia. There was a significant effort made to collect data pertinent to the estimation of parameter values but since HIB has only been a notifiable disease since 1992, there was a distinct lack of relevant data available. Private communication with individual’s such as Dr Jeffrey Hanna and Dr Beryl Wild resulted in practical information being obtained that was used to estimate certain parameters. The deterministic mathematical models within the …

The Pollution Effects Of Pleasure/Work Boat Sewage Discharges On Fecal Contamination Levels Of Waters In And Around Marinas And Other Places Where Boats Are Moored On The Eastern Shore Of Virginia, George H. Bangs

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

Contamination of seafood harvested from and recreational areas of the Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries and the Atlantic coast inshore waters may cause health problems for people consuming the seafood or coming in contact with the waters by swimming, water skiing, or other water sports. These health problems include, but not limited to, dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis (Natchez, 1990). This is a preliminary study into the level of fecal pollution generated by sewage discharges from boats in marinas and other places where boats are moored on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Sites selected for the study included; (I) marinas and other …

Fibrinolytic Responses To Moderate Intensity Exercise: Comparison Of Physically Active And Inactive Men, Linda M. Szymanski, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purposes of this study were to compare fibrinolytic responses to moderate intensity exercise in physically active and inactive men and during morning and evening exercise. Fourteen physically inactive men (mean age, 34.7 ± 4.0 years) and 12 regularly active men (34.8 ± 4.0 years) performed two exercise sessions, morning and evening, at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) andplasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures. TPA actively increased with exercise in both groups, although the active group demonstrated greater increases than the …

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Physical Activity In Adolescents, Russell R. Pate, Barbara J. Long, Gregory W. Heath

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Large population-based studies were reviewed, along with smaller studies using objective monitoring of physical activity. Estimates showed that adolescents engage in physical activity of any intensity for a mean of one hour per day. Approximately two thirds of males and one quarter of females participate in moderate to vigorous activity for 20 min 3 or more days per week. Activity levels decline with increasing age across adolescence, and this decrease is more marked in females than in males. Comparison of these data to physical activity guidelines for adolescents suggests …

Psychosocial Determinants Of Age-Appropriate Immunizations Of Infants In Norfolk, Virginia, Hoda Youssef Atta

Health Services Research Dissertations

This study represents an investigation of psychosocial factors affecting age-appropriate immunizations of infants in Norfolk, Virginia. A household survey was conducted in Norfolk, Virginia, from 4/93-8/93, to assess immunization coverage of children 12-30 months of age. This survey included a total of 389 children in the target age range. A subset of 201 mothers were randomly selected and reinterviewed to assess their knowledge and attitudes and the relationships of these factors to age-appropriate immunizations at 12 months of age. Sixty-two percent of children were not age-appropriately immunized at 12 months of age. Almost all mothers (99%) considered vaccines to be …

Books Received And Book Notices, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Book Listing for the Vol 17, No 3 Edition of the Pacific Studies Journal

Aging And Exercise: A Health Perspective, Joanna L. Bokovoy, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Habitual exercise provides protection against fatal coronary heart disease, extends longevity, and enhances quality of life. National surveys show less physical activity in older men and women compared with middle-aged and younger persons; older women are particularly sedentary. Although there are still few longitudinal studies on exercise and physical activity in older individuals, the data support a positive relationship between physical activity and health function in older individuals. The data further show that with regular physical activity, health and fitness are maintained or even increased over time in older individuals. Studies on physical activity requirements for beneficial health effects in …

Inhalant Abuse In The Pacific Islands: Gasoline Sniffing In Chuuk, Federated States Of Micronesia, Mac Marshall, Rocky Sexton, Lee Insko

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Fatty Liver In Japanese Children Ages 4 To 12 Years Old : Relationship To Obesity : An Epidemiological Ultrasonographic Survey, Kunihiko Tominaga

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The prevalence of fatty liver disease in children is not well established and its relationship to childhood obesity is poorly defined. The present study of 810 northern Japanese school-aged children (4-12 years old), determined the prevalence of fatty liver and its relationship to gender and degree of obesity. Diagnosis of fatty liver was assessed by real-time ultrasonography.

RESULTS: 1. The overall prevalence of fatty liver is 2.6 %. 2. Fatty liver prevalence is higher for boys (3.4 %) than for girls (1.8 %), although not statistically significant (P = 0.15). 3. Fatty liver occurs in children as young as 6 …

An Assessment Of Three Different Forms Of Sterlization And Clinical Usage On Various Orthodontic Pin And Ligature Cutters : A Pilot Study, Warren L. Creed

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

With an awareness of cross infection in dentistry and of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), sterilization in the dental office has been brought to the public's attention by the news media. Much work has been done on which sterilization methods are acceptable but little has been written about the effects of sterilization procedures on the instruments themselves. In this study, 36 pin and ligature cutters were sterilized 250 cycles using three different methods of sterilization following the guidelines given by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The cutters were examined for changes in lateral hinge movement, visual appearance and ordinal …

The Influence Of Prepregnancy Weight And Maternal Weight Gain : On Birth Weight Among Black Wic Participants In San Bernardino County, Marta Lukas Sovyanhadi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Birth records show that San Bernardino County has the highest black infant mortality rate of the 16 counties in California with the largest proportion of African-Americans births. Although total infant deaths in San Bernardino County had fallen to 8.6 per 1,000 live births by 1992, the infant mortality rate among the black population of the county was close to two times higher at 16.8 per 1,000. This is the first study to address the high infant mortality rate among blacks in San Bernardino County. Factors which may affect the black infant mortality rate were examined.

Subjects were drawn from a …

Patient Perceptions Of Quality: The Influence Of Value And Beneficence, Rebecca H. Waldon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The influence of patient values and patient perception of benefits on patient perceptions of quality have not been extensively investigated, even though patient and provider perceptions of quality have been widely studied. Refocusing quality assessment and improvement to include factors that influence patient perceptions of quality is necessary for humanitarian and economic reasons. The health care patient has certain expectations of health care. These expectations are based on the value the patient places on the services. Value is a predictor of patient-perception of quality. The relative worth of patient goals may also be related to patient perceptions of quality. If …

Humic And Fulvic Acids: Sink Or Source In The Availability Of Metals To The Marine Bivalves Macoma Balthica And Potamocorbula Amurensis?, Alan W. Decho, Samuel N. Luoma

Faculty Publications

Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are common forms of organic matter in marine sediments, and are routinely ingested by deposit- and suspension-feeding animals. These compounds may be a sink for metals, implying that once metals are bound to humic substances they are no longer available to food webs. A series of experiments was conducted to quantitatively examine this premise using 2 estuarine bivalves from San Francisco Bay, USA: the suspension feeder Potarnocorbula arnurensis and the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica. HA and FA, isolated from marine sediments, were bound as organic coatings to either hydrous ferric oxides …

Menopausal Hormone Replacement: Not Necessarily Routine, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Intelad : Intelligent Computer Workstation Adjustment Software, David W. Venezia

Theses

Muscular-skeletal disorders are a significant safety concern for professional computer users. Regard for human health, regulatory emphasis, and the inherent cost of the disorders give rise to this point. In an attempt to reduce the risk of injury to computer operators from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, this body of work provides an easy to use tool capable of determining the near optimal workstation orientation for any operator/workstation combination. Using a unique algorithm and compiled anthropometric data, computer software has been specially developed to map individual workstations in the Cartesian coordinate system. This mapping yields a recommended orientation that is compared to …

Certified Nursing Assistants' Satisfaction With Education And Training Programs In Long-Term Care Facilities: A Massachusetts Study, Sheila Kenny Morin

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Acceptability Of First Trimester Medical Abortion, Beverly Winikoff

Reproductive Health

Unwanted pregnancy is a serious and stressful problem for women. As stated in this paper, technologies that afford safe and effective abortion are well accepted and provide relief from a great difficulty. Many women fear surgery and will go far to avoid it. There is substantial apprehension about general anesthesia during surgery and also fear that local anesthesia may not prevent pain. This leads to a high demand for a medical abortion alternative. Some women consider that the quick and definitive surgical alternative is easier; some find that swallowing a pill is easier. Privacy is greatly valued. Medical abortion technology …

Family Planning And Reproductive Health: Briefing Sheets For A Gender Analysis, Kirsten Moore, Debbie Rogow

Reproductive Health

This series of briefing sheets, developed by the Population Council, represents a starting point for the application of gender to the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) arena. The information covers five key areas of RH: gender-based abuse, FP and gender issues among adolescents, sexuality and FP, men’s and women’s social and economic responsibilities for childrearing, and the complicated nexus between gender and FP/RH. In so doing, it provides a strong foundation for gender training. This concept was first developed to fulfill a need for gender training within the regional Operations Research/Technical Assistance Projects. To date, two such workshops …

Community-Based Aids Prevention And Care In Africa: Case Studies From Five African Countries, Ann Leonard

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council carried out a three-year project entitled “Community-Based AIDS Prevention and Care in Africa: Building on Local Initiatives.” Given the constraints faced by the health care infrastructure in responding to the AIDS crisis and the limitations of traditional educational approaches in motivating people to modify their sexual behavior, in the African context community-based AIDS prevention and care of those affected are the first line of defense against the infection. This project was developed to explore efforts by organizations in Africa dealing directly with the consequences of AIDS, to understand the essential components of effective community-based efforts for AIDS …