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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Improve Handgrip Time-To-Failure Or Alter Central Or Peripheral Hemodynamics, Yousef Qadumi

All NMU Master's Theses

Age-related deviations to the neuromuscular system negatively impact motor function and performance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been linked to improvements in the neuromuscular system. The purpose of this study was to determine if tDCS delivered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would improve handgrip time-to-failure in adults 60 years old and older. Twenty-five participants completed five maximal voluntary contractions, followed by 20-minutes of a-tDCS or SHAM conditions. Next, participants completed a handgrip time-to-failure task by maximally squeezing an electronic handgrip dynamometer until they could no longer maintain 50% of their maximal voluntary contraction. Pairwise t-test revealed a non-significant …

An Examination Of Self-Identity In Relation To Smoking And Vaping In South Carolina, Jaron Hoani King

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND

This dissertation examines self-identity in the context of smoking and vaping among adults in South Carolina (SC) using data from the 2023 SC Adult Tobacco Survey (n=1370). The conceptual model created to guide this dissertation is called the “Smoker and Vaper Behavior-Identity Model” and draws constructs from theoretical frameworks in health behavior and social identity theories. Behavior was defined as lifetime and past 30 day cigarette or e-cigarette use. Self-identity was defined by asking respondents with a history of cigarette or e-cigarette use “Do you consider yourself a smoker/vaper”, respectively.

METHODS

First, this study assesses the prevalence of mismatching …

Perceptions Of Communities Of Practice And Sense Of Belonging: Focus Groups Of Academic Pediatric Faculty, Margaret P. Huntwork, Myo T. Myint, Emma Simon, Bonnie Desselle, Amy M. Creel

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Providing the opportunity for collaboration around a central purpose to improve skills and exchange knowledge, the Community of Practice model can be useful for faculty development. A sense of belonging enhances the engagement in communities. Yet, the barriers and contributors to academic medicine faculty's sense of belonging in communities are not as well explored. METHODS: Through focus groups with 21 academic pediatric faculty conducted between January and March 2023, this qualitative study examined knowledge of Communities of Practice and the factors that affect sense of belonging and engagement. The authors iteratively coded transcripts to generate themes. RESULTS: Community accessibility; …

Understanding The Genetic Complexity Of Puberty Timing Across The Allele Frequency Spectrum, Katherine A Kentistou, Lena R Kaisinger, Stasa Stankovic, Marc Vaudel, Edson Mendes De Oliveira, Andrea Messina, Robin G Walters, Xiaoxi Liu, Alexander S Busch, Hannes Helgason, Deborah J Thompson, Federico Santoni, Konstantin M Petricek, Yassine Zouaghi, Isabel Huang-Doran, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Eirik Bratland, Kuang Lin, Eugene J Gardner, Yajie Zhao, Raina Y Jia, Chikashi Terao, Marjorie J Riggan, Manjeet K Bolla, Mojgan Yazdanpanah, Nahid Yazdanpanah, Jonathan P Bradfield, Linda Broer, Archie Campbell, Daniel I Chasman, Diana L Cousminer, Nora Franceschini, Lude H Franke, Giorgia Girotto, Chunyan He, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Peter K Joshi, Yoichiro Kamatani, Robert Karlsson, Jian'an Luan, Kathryn L Lunetta, Reedik Mägi, Massimo Mangino, Sarah E Medland, Christa Meisinger, Raymond Noordam, Teresa Nutile, Maria Pina Concas, Ozren Polašek, Eleonora Porcu, Susan M Ring, Cinzia Sala, Albert V Smith, Toshiko Tanaka, Peter J Van Der Most, Veronique Vitart, Carol A Wang, Gonneke Willemsen, Marek Zygmunt, Thomas U Ahearn, Irene L Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Antonis C Antoniou, Paul L Auer, Catriona L K Barnes, Matthias W Beckmann, Amy Berrington De Gonzalez, Natalia V Bogdanova, Stig E Bojesen, Hermann Brenner, Julie E Buring, Federico Canzian, Jenny Chang-Claude, Fergus J Couch, Angela Cox, Laura Crisponi, Kamila Czene, Mary B Daly, Ellen W Demerath, Joe Dennis, Peter Devilee, Immaculata De Vivo, Thilo Dörk, Alison M Dunning, Miriam Dwek, Johan G Eriksson, Peter A Fasching, Lindsay Fernandez-Rhodes, Liana Ferreli, Olivia Fletcher, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Montserrat García-Closas, José A García-Sáenz, Anna González-Neira, Harald Grallert, Pascal Guénel, Christopher A Haiman, Per Hall, Ute Hamann, Hakon Hakonarson, Roger J Hart, Martha Hickey, Maartje J Hooning, Reiner Hoppe, John L Hopper, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Frank B Hu, Hanna Huebner, David J Hunter, Helena Jernström, Esther M John, David Karasik, Elza K Khusnutdinova, Vessela N Kristensen, James V Lacey, Diether Lambrechts, Lenore J Launer, Penelope A Lind, Annika Lindblom, Patrik K E Magnusson, Arto Mannermaa, Mark I Mccarthy, Thomas Meitinger, Cristina Menni, Kyriaki Michailidou, Iona Y Millwood, Roger L Milne, Grant W Montgomery, Heli Nevanlinna, Ilja M Nolte, Dale R Nyholt, Nadia Obi, Katie M O'Brien, Kenneth Offit, Albertine J Oldehinkel, Sisse R Ostrowski, Aarno Palotie, Ole B Pedersen, Annette Peters, Giulia Pianigiani, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Anneli Pouta, Alfred Pozarickij, Paolo Radice, Gad Rennert, Frits R Rosendaal, Daniela Ruggiero, Emmanouil Saloustros, Dale P Sandler, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O Schmidt, Marjanka K Schmidt, Kerrin Small, Beatrice Spedicati, Meir Stampfer, Jennifer Stone, Rulla M Tamimi, Lauren R Teras, Emmi Tikkanen, Constance Turman, Celine M Vachon, Qin Wang, Robert Winqvist, Alicja Wolk, Babette S Zemel, Wei Zheng, Ko W Van Dijk, Behrooz Z Alizadeh, Stefania Bandinelli, Eric Boerwinkle, Dorret I Boomsma, Marina Ciullo, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Francesco Cucca, Tõnu Esko, Christian Gieger, Struan F A Grant, Vilmundur Gudnason, Caroline Hayward, Ivana Kolčić, Peter Kraft, Deborah A Lawlor, Nicholas G Martin, Ellen A Nøhr, Nancy L Pedersen, Craig E Pennell, Paul M Ridker, Antonietta Robino, Harold Snieder, Ulla Sovio, Tim D Spector, Doris Stöckl, Cathie Sudlow, Nic J Timpson, Daniela Toniolo, André Uitterlinden, Sheila Ulivi, Henry Völzke, Nicholas J Wareham, Elisabeth Widen, James F Wilson, Lifelines Cohort Study, Danish Blood Donor Study, Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Biobank Japan Project, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Paul D P Pharoah, Liming Li, Douglas F Easton, Pål R Njølstad, Patrick Sulem, Joanne M Murabito, Anna Murray, Despoina Manousaki, Anders Juul, Christian Erikstrup, Kari Stefansson, Momoko Horikoshi, Zhengming Chen, I Sadaf Farooqi, Nelly Pitteloud, Stefan Johansson, Felix R Day, John R B Perry, Ken K Ong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pubertal timing varies considerably and is associated with later health outcomes. We performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses on ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 signals for age at menarche. Collectively, these explained 11% of trait variance in an independent sample. Women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibited ~11 and ~14-fold higher risks of delayed and precocious puberty, respectively. We identified several genes harboring rare loss-of-function variants in ~200,000 women, including variants in ZNF483, which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Variant-to-gene mapping approaches and mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron RNA sequencing implicated 665 genes, including an uncharacterized G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR83, …

High Throughput Plasma Proteomics And Risk Of Heart Failure And Frailty In Late Life, Diego Ramonfaur, Leo F Buckley, Victoria Arthur, Yimin Yang, Brian L Claggett, Chiadi E Ndumele, Keenan A Walker, Thomas Austin, Michelle C Odden, James S Floyd, Sandra Sanders-Van Wijk, Joyce Njoroge, Jorge R Kizer, Dalane Kitzman, Suma H Konety, Jennifer Schrack, Fangyu Liu, B Gwen Windham, Priya Palta, Josef Coresh, Bing Yu, Amil M Shah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Heart failure (HF) and frailty frequently coexist and may share a common pathobiology, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding these mechanisms may provide guidance for preventing and treating both conditions.

Objective: To identify shared pathways between incident HF and frailty in late life using large-scale proteomics.

Design, setting, and participants: In this cohort study, 4877 aptamers (Somascan v4) were measured among participants in the community-based longitudinal Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) cohort study at visit 3 (V3; 1993-1995; n = 10 638) and at visit 5 (V5; 2011-2013; n = 3908). Analyses were externally replicated among 3189 participants …

Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden Of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men, Jordan E Lake, Han Feng, Ana N Hyatt, Hongyu Miao, Paula Debroy, Nicholas Funderburg, Kate Ailstock, Adrian Dobs, Sabina Haberlen, Jared W Magnani, Joseph B Margolick, Kate Mcgowan, Frank J Palella, Mallory D Witt, Shalender Bhasin, Matthew J Budoff, Wendy S Post, Todd T Brown

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Context: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in transgender women (TW) may be affected by gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and HIV, but few data compare TW on contemporary GAHT to well-matched controls.

Objective: We compared CVD burden and biomarker profiles between TW and matched cisgender men (CM).

Methods: Adult TW on GAHT (n = 29) were recruited for a cross-sectional study (2018-2020). CM (n = 48) from the former Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study were matched 2:1 to TW on HIV serostatus, age ±5 years, race/ethnicity, BMI category and antiretroviral therapy (ART) type. Cardiac parameters were measured by CT and coronary atherosclerosis by coronary …

Evaluating The Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Image Quality Metrics And Deep Learning-Based Segmentation Accuracy Of Brain Tumors, Rajarajeswari Muthusivarajan, Adrian Celaya, Joshua P Yung, James P Long, Satish E Viswanath, Daniel S Marcus, Caroline Chung, David Fuentes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are known to suffer from a variety of acquisition artifacts as well as equipment-based variations that impact image appearance and segmentation performance. It is still unclear whether a direct relationship exists between magnetic resonance (MR) image quality metrics (IQMs) (e.g., signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise) and segmentation accuracy.

Purpose: Deep learning (DL) approaches have shown significant promise for automated segmentation of brain tumors on MRI but depend on the quality of input training images. We sought to evaluate the relationship between IQMs of input training images and DL-based brain tumor segmentation accuracy toward developing more generalizable models …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections In South Carolina: A Cross-Sectional Survey And Comparison To Geographically-Associated Social Determinants Of Health, Sean Patrick Sweeney

Theses and Dissertations

Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are on the rise in the United States. South Carolina ranks consistently among the states with the highest STD burdens, especially for the bacterial diseases gonorrhea and chlamydia. This study sought to determine the opinions, beliefs, and knowledgebase of South Carolina citizens regarding STDs and sexual health/education. In doing so, the study seeks to identify areas of improvement for educators, healthcare workers, and public health employees. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, this study contacted approximately 900,000 South Carolina residents for participation. Participants were asked a variety of questions focused on STD knowledge, opinions, and practices. …

Parental View On Hpv Vaccination, Rebecca Elaine Rhodes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection widely seen in the United States. Millions of Americans are affected by it each year, especially those in their late teens and early 20s. Although most infections will resolve on their own, 1 in 10 will lead to health problems such as cancer. The HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of associated precancers and cancers. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine and its completion among adolescents are significantly lower than other recommended adolescent immunizations, falling short of the Healthy People 2030 goal of 80% coverage. Understanding parental attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions …

Dna-Delivered Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting The P53 R175h Mutant Epitope Inhibit Tumor Development In Mice, Dafei Chai, Xu Wang, Praveen Neeli, Shan Zhou, Xingfang Yu, Kanaga Sabapathy, Yong Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The tumor suppressor p53 is the most common mutated gene in cancer, with the R175H as the most frequent p53 missense mutant. However, there are currently no approved targeted therapies or immunotherapies against mutant p53. Here, we characterized and investigated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes the mutant p53-R175H for its affinity, specificity, and activity against tumor cells in vitro. We then delivered DNA plasmids expressing the anti-R175H mAb or a bispecific antibody (BsAb) into mice to evaluate their therapeutic effects. Our results showed that the anti-R175H mAb specifically bound to the p53-R175H antigen with a high affinity and …

Knowledge Of Tour Guides In The Sekumpul Waterfall Regarding Occupational Health And Safety, Made Adhyatma Prawira Natha Kusuma, Ni Luh Gede Aris Maytadewi, Luh Putu Wulandari Artha, Rut Wiratami

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Occupational health and safety is an important thing to pay attention to in any activity, one of which is in the tourism sector. In the world of tourism, many tourism activities are offered by tourism business actors, which must pay attention to the health and safety of the tourism offered. The purpose of this study was to see the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of tour guides at the Sekumpul Waterfall tour, Buleleng Regency, Bali regarding occupational health and safety. This research is a cross-sectional study using a descriptive-analytic approach with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The sampling technique …

Assessment Of Emergency Exit Pathways And Fire Safety Measures In Football Stadium X: An Examination Following Indonesian Guidelines, Affan Al Maududi, Erianto Fanani, Marji Marji, Djoko Kustono

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

The most significant football stadium riot tragedy occurred at the National Stadium (Estadio Nacional) in Lima, Peru, resulting in 362 fatalities. The second largest tragedy transpired at the Kanjuruhan Stadium, Malang Regency, Indonesia, leading to 135 deaths. This research aims to evaluate the conformity of evacuation routes and fire protection systems at the one of Football Stadium in Greater Malang, in accordance with the standards and regulations applicable in Indonesia. This analytical descriptive study employs a quantitative research design. The research process involved examining the factual conditions on the ground and subsequently comparing the suitability of evacuation routes and fire …

Getting Precise About Gender And Sex Measurement: A Primer For Epidemiologists, Arjee J. Restar, Elle Lett, Neia Prata Menezes, Andrea R. Molino, Tonia C. Poteat, Lorraine Dean, Jennifer L. Glick, Kellan E. Baker, S Wilson Cole

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Accurately measuring gender and sex is crucial in public health and epidemiology. Iteratively reexamining how variables-including gender and sex-are conceptualized and operationalized is necessary to achieve impactful research. Reexamining gender and sex advances epidemiology toward its goals of health promotion and disease elimination. While we cannot reduce the complexities of sex and gender to simply an issue of measurement, striving to capture these concepts and experiences accurately must be an ongoing dialogue and practice-to the benefit of the field and population health. We assert that epidemiology must counteract misconceptions and accurately measure gender and sex in epidemiology. We aim to …

Evaluation Of Flooding Disaster Risk Initiatives In Vulnerable Homeless Communities, Nicholas W. O'Clair

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Homeless individuals, who have limited resources and lack stable lodging, are particularly vulnerable during disasters, further jeopardizing their already precarious health conditions. By examining the effectiveness of existing preparedness and response strategies on the readiness of homeless individuals during flood events, insights can be gained to enhance emergency operations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences and vulnerabilities of homeless populations in a northeastern U.S. city with the goal of promoting inclusivity and resilience. Research questions involved understanding knowledge of dangers of flooding disasters; disaster preparedness, response, and recovery; and how current public promotion practices of disaster …

Evaluation Of Flooding Disaster Risk Initiatives In Vulnerable Homeless Communities, Nicholas W. O'Clair

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Homeless individuals, who have limited resources and lack stable lodging, are particularly vulnerable during disasters, further jeopardizing their already precarious health conditions. By examining the effectiveness of existing preparedness and response strategies on the readiness of homeless individuals during flood events, insights can be gained to enhance emergency operations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences and vulnerabilities of homeless populations in a northeastern U.S. city with the goal of promoting inclusivity and resilience. Research questions involved understanding knowledge of dangers of flooding disasters; disaster preparedness, response, and recovery; and how current public promotion practices of disaster …

Teaching Bioinformatics Through The Analysis Of Sars-Cov-2: Project-Based Training For Computer Science Students, Pavlin G Poličar, Martin Špendl, Tomaž Curk, Blaž Zupan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

MOTIVATION: We learn more effectively through experience and reflection than through passive reception of information. Bioinformatics offers an excellent opportunity for project-based learning. Molecular data are abundant and accessible in open repositories, and important concepts in biology can be rediscovered by reanalyzing the data.

RESULTS: In the manuscript, we report on five hands-on assignments we designed for master's computer science students to train them in bioinformatics for genomics. These assignments are the cornerstones of our introductory bioinformatics course and are centered around the study of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). They assume no prior knowledge of molecular …

Frontline Nursing Staff’S Perceptions Of Intravenous Medication Administration: The First Step Toward Safer Infusion Processes-A Qualitative Study, Masashi Uramatsu, Naoko Kimura, Takako Kojima, Yoshikazu Fujisawa, Tomoko Oto, Paul Barach

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Intravenous medication errors continue to significantly impact patient safety and outcomes. This study sought to clarify the complexity and risks of the intravenous administration process.

DESIGN: A qualitative focus group interview study.

SETTING: Focused interviews were conducted using process mapping with frontline nurses responsible for medication administration in September 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Front line experiened nurses from a Japanese tertiary teaching hospital.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was to identify the mental models frontline nurses used during intravenous medication administration, which influence their interactions with patients, and secondarily, to examine the medication process gaps between the …

Aerobic And Anaerobic Exercise's Impact On Cognitive Functions In Eighth Grade Students., Heather Erwin, Sarah Schreiber

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a clear connection between aerobic exercise and academic performance. There is a gap in evidence regarding anaerobic exercise and cognitive capabilities. If professionals know which type of exercise is most beneficial for enhancing cognition in youth, it will behoove them to incorporate these practices in physical education and other areas throughout the school day for students. Thus, this …

Mental Health Assessments For Fetal Interventions, Sindhura Vangala, Roy Williams, Cara M Buskmiller, Jessian L Munoz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of A Health Information Technology Safety Classification System In The Veterans Health Administration’S Informatics Patient Safety Office, Danielle Kato, Joe Lucas, Dean F Sittig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Implement the 5-type health information technology (HIT) patient safety concern classification system for HIT patient safety issues reported to the Veterans Health Administration's Informatics Patient Safety Office.

Materials and methods: A team of informatics safety analysts retrospectively classified 1 year of HIT patient safety issues by type of HIT patient safety concern using consensus discussions. The processes established during retrospective classification were then applied to incoming HIT safety issues moving forward.

Results: Of 140 issues retrospectively reviewed, 124 met the classification criteria. The majority were HIT failures (eg, software defects) (33.1%) or configuration and implementation problems (29.8%). Unmet user …

Examining The Cues To Action Of Christian Parents And/Or Guardians Who Are Hesitant To Vaccinate Pediatric Populations, Marcia S. Jackson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

As a result of skepticism related to vaccine administration, many newborns and children are without their standardized and recommended vaccinations due to parent and/or guardian beliefs. It is the parent and/or guardian who holds the power to vaccinate their children. Vaccine administration is one of the most successful achievements of public health intervention in the 20th century. The purpose of this study is to use a descriptive case study analysis approach to assess parents' and/or guardians' concerns, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions towards immunizations for their children (from birth to 18 years of age). Understanding the "why" and "how" concerns raised …

Remodeling Of Anti-Tumor Immunity With Antibodies Targeting A P53 Mutant, Dafei Chai, Junhao Wang, Chunmei Fan, Jing-Ming Lim, Xu Wang, Praveen Neeli, Xinfang Yu, Ken H Young, Yong Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: p53, the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, lacks effective targeted drugs.

METHODS: We developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target a p53 hotspot mutation E285K without cross-reactivity with wild-type p53. They were delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate DNA plasmids. Western blot, BLI, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other methods were employed to assess the function of mAbs in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS: These LNP-pE285K-mAbs in the IgG1 format exhibited a robust anti-tumor effect, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T, B, and NK cells. scRNA-seq revealed that IgG1 reduces immune inhibitory signaling, increases …

Cannabis Exposure During Pregnancy And Neural Mechanisms Of Parenting: Assessing Neural Responses To Infant Cues And Parenting Outcomes, Shannon Powers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As legalization of cannabis and cannabinoids spreads in the United States, access and use of cannabis during the prenatal period has increased. There is limited knowledge on the effects of prenatal cannabis use on the parental brain. One way to identify potential effects of cannabis on parenting is through studying parenting brain functions and behavior. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) has been shown to be associated with lower positive parenting and lower sensitivity to infants, but it is unclear by what mechanisms. The following two studies address this gap in knowledge by examining the association between cannabis use during the prenatal …

Exploring The Experiences Of Hiv Positive Pregnant Women On Prevention Of Vertical Transmission Of Hiv/Aids In Rural Malawi, Gertrude Finyiza

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be the primary conduct that HIV is transmitted to children worldwide. The problem of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is having a great impact on the world's children. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Malawi continues to be a serious public health issue, especially for expectant mothers. The health outcomes of mothers and children remain significantly threatened by vertical HIV transmission, even with improvements in preventive and treatment efforts. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the experiences of HIV-positive pregnant women in Malawi. I conducted semi structured interviews with thirteen …

Factors Affecting African Americans’ Participation In Alzheimer’S Disease Clinical Trials, Morounsayo Abimbola Awosika-Olumo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial minority U.S. populations are underrepresented in clinical trials. Ensuring people from diverse backgrounds join clinical trials is key to advancing health equity. Participants in clinical trials should represent the patients’ population. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the association of individual-level factors (age, sex, marital status, family history of Alzheimer’s disease, living arrangement), health-related factors (smoking and alcohol), and socioeconomic status (years of education, employment status, health insurance status) and the interest in clinical trial participation among African Americans (AAs). The theoretical foundation that grounded this study was the health belief model. Secondary data from 214 …

Factors Affecting African Americans’ Participation In Alzheimer’S Disease Clinical Trials, Morounsayo Abimbola Awosika-Olumo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Racial minority U.S. populations are underrepresented in clinical trials. Ensuring people from diverse backgrounds join clinical trials is key to advancing health equity. Participants in clinical trials should represent the patients’ population. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the association of individual-level factors (age, sex, marital status, family history of Alzheimer’s disease, living arrangement), health-related factors (smoking and alcohol), and socioeconomic status (years of education, employment status, health insurance status) and the interest in clinical trial participation among African Americans (AAs). The theoretical foundation that grounded this study was the health belief model. Secondary data from 214 …

Assessing The Uptake Of Biosimilar Insulin Glargine Among Physicians For The Treatment Of Diabetes In South Africa, Euganthri Pillay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In South Africa, diabetes is a serious problem where 1 in 9 adults has diabetes, making it the country with the highest diabetes prevalence on the African continent. Even though insulin is an absolute necessity for treating diabetes, it is unaffordable to millions. Biosimilar insulins, however, are innovative medicines that are similar but not exact copies of the originator insulin, making alternative treatment affordable to patients. The problem is that, in South Africa, it is still not known whether patients have access to biosimilar insulin in a country where diabetes is rampant. The diffusion of innovation theory was used to …

Assessing The Uptake Of Biosimilar Insulin Glargine Among Physicians For The Treatment Of Diabetes In South Africa, Euganthri Pillay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In South Africa, diabetes is a serious problem where 1 in 9 adults has diabetes, making it the country with the highest diabetes prevalence on the African continent. Even though insulin is an absolute necessity for treating diabetes, it is unaffordable to millions. Biosimilar insulins, however, are innovative medicines that are similar but not exact copies of the originator insulin, making alternative treatment affordable to patients. The problem is that, in South Africa, it is still not known whether patients have access to biosimilar insulin in a country where diabetes is rampant. The diffusion of innovation theory was used to …

Shea Position Statement On Pandemic Preparedness For Policymakers: Building A Strong And Resilient Healthcare Workforce, Robin L.P. Jump

Faculty Scholarship

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many areas in the United States experienced healthcare personnel (HCP) shortages tied to a variety of factors. Infection prevention programs, in particular, faced increasing workload demands with little opportunity to delegate tasks to others without specific infectious diseases or infection control expertise. Shortages of clinicians providing inpatient care to critically ill patients during the early phase of the pandemic were multifactorial, largely attributed to increasing demands on hospitals to provide care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and furloughs.¹ HCP shortages and challenges during later surges, including the Omicron variant-associated surges, were largely attributed to HCP …

A Multilevel Intervention To Promote Hpv Vaccination Among Young Adults In Texas: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Qian Lu, Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Dalnim Cho, Naomi Q P Tan, Suellen Hopfer, Yisheng Li, Lois Ramondetta, Yusi Xu, Di Lun, Minxing Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. The most recently approved HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, protects against HPV infection and can prevent HPV-associated invasive cancers. However, Gardasil-9 is one of the most underused vaccines in the US today. Young adults are at risk for HPV infection, but many are not vaccinated. This study uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test an innovative multilevel intervention to increase HPV vaccination rates among young adults. In this paper, we describe the research protocol.

METHODS: The study uses a two by three factorial design. …