Digital Commons Network^™

Développement D'Un Modèle Intégré Informatique Pour La Planification De La Ventilation Dans Les Mines Souterraines, Kostas Fytas

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce projet de recherche financé par IRSST consistait à élaborer un logiciel moderne qui permettrait de modéliser un réseau de ventilation minière. Le département de mines et métallurgie de l’Université Laval avait déjà mis au point un tel logiciel depuis 1988. Deux versions existaient, l’une en DOS et l’autre en Windows. Bien qu’utile et fiable, le logiciel comportait certaines lacunes qui limitaient son utilisation dans le milieu minier québécois. Ses faiblesses les plus importantes étaient l’absence d’une interface graphique et l’absence de branches avec un ventilateur. Par ailleurs, ce logiciel ne pouvait pas tenir compte de la compressibilité de l’air …

Design And Development Of A New Rockbold Load Measuring Device, Hani S. Mitri

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

Une nouvelle technologie permettant de mesurer la charge axiale des boulons d'ancrage mécaniques et des « rebars » (boulons à la résine) dans les mines souterraines a été conçue et développée en laboratoire. Cette technologie repose sur un système désigné du nom de SAFEBOLT (Stress And Force Evaluator in BOLTs), qui réunit trois composantes : 1) le mesureur de charge SAFEBOLT installé dans la tête des boulons, 2) un module d'affichage et 3) un câble de raccordement. Un banc d'essai adapté a été construit en laboratoire afin d'assurer le calibrage et …

Sensibilité Et Spécificité De La Résonance Magnétique À Champ Ouvert Pour L'Objectivation De L'État Symptomatique Lombaire, Jean-François Roy, Jean-Marie Moutquin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les maux de dos constituent près du tiers des lésions professionnelles. Jusqu’à maintenant les professionnels de la santé éprouvent des difficultés à préciser l’état symptomatique du patient souffrant de mal de dos par l’examen clinique et les examens radiologiques. Parmi les meilleurs examens radiologiques, il y a l’étude de colonne lombaire par la résonance magnétique mais cet examen se fait en position couchée en raison de la configuration de l’appareil. Un nouvel appareil de résonance magnétique à champ ouvert permet l’étude de la colonne en position assise, à genoux et en flexion comme lors des activités quotidiennes.

Le but de …

Prevention Of Physiologic Maladaptation To Night-Shift Work By Phototherapy, Diane B. Boivin, Francine O. James

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

Au Québec, on estime qu'un tiers des emplois permanents sont comblés en dehors des heures conventionnelles. On note en particulier une prédominance du travail de nuit à plein temps dans les secteurs qui requièrent (hôpitaux, protection publique) ou qui choisissent (manufactures) 24 heures de service par jour. Il est bien connu que le travail de nuit ou en rotation s’accompagne de privation importante de sommeil, de troubles de vigilance et de performance, et d’un risque accru d’accidents graves en milieu de travail. De plus, ces troubles d’adaptation s’accroissent avec l’âge alors …

Intégration Des Approches Biomécaniques Et Ergonomiques Pour L'Évaluation Des Effets D'Une Pratique Libre De Tâches De Manutention, Micheline Gagnon, Monique Lortie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Problématique de santé et sécurité et pertinence du projet

II est très difficile d'instrumenter le terrain et d'évaluer certains aspects de la manutention, en particulier son apprentissage dans un contexte de formation. Il est nécessaire de développer des outils d'évaluation plus précis et validés, et d'améliorer notre compréhension des facteurs qui jouent un rôle important en manutention pour développer des stratégies de prévention efficaces.

Objectifs

Trois objectifs principaux étaient visés: 1) Élaborer des outils permettant d'évaluer l'assimilation de la formation. 2) Évaluer l'impact d'une pratique libre, non directive afin de dissocier les changements temporaires dus à la pratique de ceux …

Identification Et Étude De Produits Favorisant La Réduction De L'Exposition Aux Vibrations Main-Bras Chez Les Opérateurs D'Outils Portatifs Vibrants, Paul-Émile Boileau, Subhash Rakheja, Jérôme Boutin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Plusieurs catégories d’outils antivibratiles sont apparues sur le marché au cours des dernières années, de même que des gants, bracelets et poignées antivibratiles. Ceux-ci sont souvent méconnus du public et leur degré d’efficacité n’est pas clairement établi dans les plages de fréquences de sensibilité maximale du système main-bras. Cette étude vise à identifier ces produits, à juger de leurs mérites sur la base des informations receuillies et de rapports de mesures, à mettre au point des systèmes de mesure permettant d’évaluer l’efficacité de certains outils et produits antivibratiles, à développer une expertise et un sens critique dans l’application des méthodes …

Étude Exploratoire Des Dynamiques Préventives En Santé Au Travail Dans Les Petits Établissements, Marcel Simard, Marie-Claire Carpentier-Roy, Alain Marchand, François Ouellet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude s'intéresse à une réalité négligée et en bonne partie méconnue du domaine de la santé dans le monde du travail au Québec, en l'occurrence la prise en charge de la santé au travail dans les petites entreprises. Cela est d'autant plus surprenant que les petites entreprises, soit celles employant moins de 50 personnes, constituent l'immense majorité des entreprises au Québec. Cependant, elles n'emploient qu'une minorité des travailleurs, ce qui explique peut-être pourquoi peu de recherches ont jusqu'ici porté sur la problématique de la prise en charge de la santé-sécurité dans cette catégorie d'entreprises. C'est pourquoi la recherche …

La Pratique D'Intervention En Santé, En Sécurité Et En Ergonomie Dans Des Projets De Conception : Étude D'Un Cas De Conception D'Une Usine, Fernande Lamonde, Philippe Beaufort, Jean-Guy Richard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce rapport s’adresse à ceux qui, dans les entreprises, firmes de consultants ou autres, sont impliqués dans la gestion ou interviennent directement en SST et en ergonomie : les directions d’entreprise, les responsables des méthodes et de la production, les chargés de projet (ingénieurs, informaticiens, architectes) de même que les préventionnistes et les ergonomes eux-mêmes.

Il relate la démarche originale qui a été mise en place pour intégrer la SST et l’ergonomie dans un projet de conception d’une usine réalisé au Québec de 1996 à 2002. Cette démarche a été reconstituée en analysant l’activité des deux préventionnistes et de l’ergonome …

Étude De L'Effet Du Sautage Adouci Sur La Fracturation Des Parois D'Une Excavation Souterraine, Richard Simon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans les mines souterraines, les chutes de terrain demeurent encore aujourd'hui une cause importante d'accidents mortels et autres accidents graves. L'écaillage et l'installation du soutènement sont les activités qui présentent le plus de risques de blessures liées aux chutes de roches. En effet, celles-ci nécessitent que le travailleur soit exposé à un massif rocheux non soutenu où des roches peuvent se détacher du toit.

Trois facteurs principaux affectent la difficulté des opérations d'écaillage et d'installation du soutènement: l'état initial du massif rocheux et les structures géologiques, les contraintes induites à la paroi de la galerie pouvant amener des instabilités, et …

Effet De L'Endommagement Sur La Stabilité Des Excavations Souterraines En Roche Dure, Michel Aubertin, Li Li, Richard Simon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le comportement de la roche et du massif rocheux autour des ouvertures souterraines dépend de nombreux facteurs. Pour les roches dures, l'amorce de la propagation des fissures, qui peut éventuellement conduire à une rupture par excès de contrainte, représente une propriété fondamentale - appelée ici seuil d'endommagement. Ce seuil, comme la résistance à court terme de la roche, est représenté à partir d'un nouveau critère multiaxial dans l'espace des contraintes. Dans une forme extensionnée aux massifs rocheux, le critère proposé, appelé MSDP_u, permet de tenir compte des principaux facteurs qui influencent la stabilité des excavations, soient: la résistance …

Midline Survey Results: Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Mary Philip Sebastian, Dale Huntington, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Shahina Begum, Bela Patel Uttekar, Sohini Roychowdhury

Reproductive Health

The Population Council in collaboration with CARE India has been conducting an operations research (OR) study to investigate the impact of adding a livelihoods component to the Action for Slum Dwellers' Reproductive Health, Allahabad (ASRHA) Project in Uttar Pradesh run by CARE India. The ASRHA Project selected peer educators from the slums and trained them in providing reproductive health (RH) information, communication skills, and group formation techniques. After the peer educators completed training, they conducted group sessions about livelihoods and savings. RH sessions were held alongside vocational counseling sessions. Population Council staff provided vocational training courses, both in the slums …

The End Of The Fertility Transition In The Developing World, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Fertility declines are now underway in many developing countries, and the focus of the debate about future fertility trends is shifting from the early to the later phases of the transition. This study examines patterns and determinants of fertility in the developing world using UN estimates of the total fertility rates for 143 developing countries from 1950 to 2000. The main objective is to identify regularities in the past record that may provide clues to future trends. Three key findings emerge from this analysis. First, the pace of fertility decline decelerates as countries reach the later stages of the transition. …

Childcare, Mothers' Work, And Earnings: Findings From The Urban Slums Of Guatemala City, Kelly Hallman, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Marie T. Ruel, Benedicte De La Briere

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study investigates the effects of childcare on work and earnings of mothers in the slums of Guatemala City. Recognizing that mother’s work behavior may depend on the availability of childcare, the modeling approach allows participation in the labor force and use of formal daycare to be jointly determined. We also investigate whether a mother’s “status” within her household (as measured by the value of the assets she brought to her marriage) influences her entry into the labor force. Finally, we explore the impact of childcare prices on a mother’s earnings, conditional on her decision to work. The study uses …

What About Us? Bringing Infertility Into Reproductive Health Care, Okonofua Friday, Bishakha Datta

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Infertility is a major reproductive health problem throughout much of the world. Despite the prevalence and seriousness of infertility, the population and reproductive health field has largely neglected this problem. National policies and international donor organizations have been one-sided in their focus on programs designed to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité, with clinic-based narratives and case reports from India and Nigeria, illustrates what is involved in trying to address the problem of infertility in developing countries. A possible framework for incorporating limited infertility care into a family planning or reproductive health program includes providing education and counseling, preliminary …

Cancer Dose-Response Modeling Of Low Dose Radiation Exposure, Gizelle Susette Baker

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Many late effects from exposure to ionizing radiation, including cancers, have been described in the literature. The identification and quantification of radiation-induced health effects is an important and complex issue. Recommendations for radiation safety and protection from the International Commission on Radiological Protection are made using a linear no threshold risk model on epidemiological data. A major obstacle in this process is the limited availability of data to directly measure the health effects of radiation on human populations. One way to circumvent this problem IS to use experimental data from laboratory animals and extrapolate across species to man. The cancer …

Strategic Assessment Of Reproductive Health In The Dominican Republic, Suellen Miller, Argelia Tejada, Patricio Murgueytio

Reproductive Health

This report documents the findings of a strategic assessment of reproductive health in the Dominican Republic (DR), carried out by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (SESPAS) and the Dominican Social Security Institute with support from the Population Council’s Expanding Contraceptive Choice (ECC) program and its Latin American and Caribbean regional offices, and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The USAID/DR has been working closely with SESPAS to understand the major reproductive health problems in the DR. To better assist SESPAS and to plan the country’s Reproductive Health Strategy for 2002–2007, USAID asked the Population Council’s ECC …

Training Service Providers On Emergency Contraception: Lessons Learned From An Or Study, M.E. Khan, Sharif M.I. Hossain

Reproductive Health

The Bangladesh Directorate of Family Planning in collaboration with the Population Council, Pathfinder International, and John Snow, Inc. is conducting an operations research project to test the feasibility of introducing emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) in the national family planning (FP) program and to answer operational questions on implementing the use of ECP efficiently. In Bangladesh, 1.2 million births are unplanned and the number of menstrual regulation/abortions is increasing. ECP could be a good reproductive health intervention for women since it gives them a chance to avoid unwanted pregnancy. ECP does not induce abortion. In fact, it helps in reducing the …

Men In Maternity Study: Results From The Pre-Intervention Survey Of Pregnant Women And Their Husbands At The Three Interventions, And Of Only Women At Three Control Employees' State Insurance Corporation Dispensaries In Delhi, India: Preliminary Findings, Anurag Mishra, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Emma Ottolenghi, Anjana Das, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak

Reproductive Health

The Frontiers in Reproductive Health program, a USAID-funded project of the Population Council, is conducting an operations research (OR) study that investigates the effects of male participation in a new model of maternity care that is gender sensitive and provided at the primary-care level. The immediate objectives are to increase the use of family planning methods in the postpartum period and to promote STI primary preventive practices in men and women. The three-year study called Men in Maternity (MiM) is being conducted in South Africa and India. In India, the project is collaborating with the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). …

Men In Maternity Study: A Summary Of The Findings From Pre-Intervention Interviews With Women And Their Husbands Attending Antenatal Clinics At Esic Facilities In Delhi, Anurag Mishra, Leila Caleb-Varkey, Anjana Das, Emma Ottolenghi, Dale Huntington, Susan E. Adamchak, Shahina Begum

Reproductive Health

The Frontiers in Reproductive Health program, a USAID-funded project of the Population Council is conducting an operations research (OR) study that investigates the effects of male participation in a new model of maternity care that is gender sensitive and provided at the primary-care level. The immediate objectives are to increase the use of family planning methods in the postpartum period and to promote STI primary preventive practices in men and women. The three-year study called Men in Maternity (MiM) is being conducted in South Africa and India. In India, the project is collaborating with the Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). …

Using Men As Community-Based Distributors Of Condoms, Cynthia P. Green, Stephanie Joyce, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has led program managers to seek approaches to family planning (FP) that will also help combat HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These approaches include use of simplified STI diagnosis and treatment protocols and promotion of male and female condoms. One aspect of condom promotion that is receiving increased attention is the idea of adding men to community-based distribution (CBD) programs. The male latex condom is the only contraceptive method that, when used correctly and consistently, provides protection against STIs, including HIV/AIDS. Currently, an estimated 6 to 9 billion male condoms are used worldwide annually. However, …

Predictors Of Young Women's Attitudes Toward Sexual Health Practices, Alison G. Dougall

Theses : Honours

The present study examined whether cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions) and I or behavioural processes predicted young women's attitudes towards their sexual health practices. For pragmatic reasons, safer sex promotion has largely relied on the provision of factual information to promote behaviour change. Although the importance of emotional and behavioural influences has been indicated, these elements have not traditionally been included in sexual health interventions. In order to examine this issue, Zanna and Rempel's (1988) tripartite model of attitude formation was used. A convenience sample of female participants (N=98) aged 18 to 29 years was asked to rate their attitudes towards …

Examination Of The Transtheoretical Model Of Behaviour Change To Increase Physical Activity Within An Organisational Setting, Justine L. Goldspink

Theses : Honours

This study explored the application of Prochaska and DiClemente's (1982) transtheoretical model of behaviour change (TIM) to the area of physical activity adoption and maintenance within an organisational setting. One hundred and nine employees of the Bunbury Centrelink Call Centre participated in a six-week physical activity intervention modelled on the Take Charge Challenge (TCC) (Leonard, 2000). Based on the TIM, this program attempts to increase individual physical activity through organisational change in order to counterbalance the sedentary nature of roles undertaken by staff and to maximise physical and psychological health benefits for employees. Time (in minutes/ week) engaging in physical …

Pesticides En Milieu Serricole : Caractérisation De L'Exposition Des Travailleurs Et Évaluation Des Délais De Réentrée, Onil Samuel, Louis St-Laurent, Pierre Dumas, Éric Langlois, Guy Gingras

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les employés du Jardin botanique et des serres Louis Dupire de la ville de Montréal sont régulièrement en contact avec des pesticides dans le cadre de leurs activités. L’inquiétude soulevée, en regard des risques à la santé qui pourraient découler de l’exposition aux pesticides dans un milieu fermé comme les serres, justifiait d’entreprendre une étude dans le but de répondre aux interrogations des travailleurs et des responsables du service de santé. Les résultats de cette recherche devaient permettre, le cas échéant, d’améliorer certaines pratiques de travail dans les entreprises concernées. C’est pour cette raison que la Direction de la toxicologie …

An Evaluation Of Germ City : Finding A Suitable Design, Suzanne Cherie Lusher

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Evaluations are used to determine a program’s merit. “Germ City” utilizes experiential learning of adequate hand washing skills. An elementary school in southwestern West Virginia served to determine if the evaluation design for “Germ City” would prove to be an effective assessment for the hand-washing program. Four hundred and eighty-four participants completed an eight-question pre/post test; one hundred and forty-nine students underwent a hand quadrant evaluation. In addition, a soap and paper towel usage log was recorded. Fifty-four percent of the participants were male, forty-six percent female (n=483) with a mean grade level of 3.6 (n=484). Post test results indicated …

A Retrospective Cohort Study Of Workers' Compensation Indicators From An Occupational Safety And Health Perspective, Alan D. Verdonk

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Since 1984 the role of the government in Western Australia, has changed in relation to occupational safety and health. This study considers the effect of the occupational safety and health legislation using workers' compensation accident data. Academic and general staff accident data from a Western Australian University were researched. The time period is 20 years- 1979 through 1998 inclusive. 2,773 worker's compensation claims were analysed using Mann Whitney -U tests and cross-tabulations of safety prevention expenditure against the claims. The work environment provides the full spectrum of workplace activities ranging from domicile duties (student housing services) to heavy machinery work …

Health-Seeking Behavior Of Karachi Women With Reproductive Tract Infections, Lubna Ishaq Bhatti, Fariyal F. Fikree

Community Health Sciences

To explore the contextual factors influencing health-seeking behavior of women in Karachi regarding reproductive tract infections, 18 women with reproductive tract infections from different clinics and community settings were identified and in-depth interviews were conducted. Physicians in our study diagnosed a woman to have lower reproductive tract infection if she complained of malodorous vaginal discharge with or without perineal itching; and to have pelvic inflammatory disease or upper reproductive tract infection if she had any two of the following complaints: malodorous vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities, lower abdominal pain or dyspareunia. Women consulted a variety of healthcare providers in their pursuit …

Surveillance For Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks--United States, 1999-2000, Sherline H. Lee, Deborah A. Levy, Gunther F. Craun, Michael J. Beach, Rebecca L. Calderon

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for the occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs).This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne diseases on persons in the United States.

REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data regarding outbreaks occurring during January 1999-December 2000 and previously unreported outbreaks occurring in 1995 and 1997.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The surveillance system includes data for outbreaks associated with drinking water and recreational water. State, territorial, and …

Effect Of Seeing Tobacco Use In Films On Trying Smoking Among Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study, James D. Sargent, Michael L. Beach, Madeline A. Dalton, Leila A. Mott, Jennifer J. Tickle, M. Bridget Ahrens, Todd F. Heatherton

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: To test the hypothesis that greater exposure to smoking in films is associated with trying smoking among adolescents.

Evaluation Of Directly Observed Therapy In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients In Nepal: Treatment Outcome And Patient Compliance, Baishali Bhattacharya

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of infectious disease in Nepal. An estimated 60% of the adult population aged between 15-45 years is infected with tuberculosis, and 45% of the total population is infected. Ten percent of people infected with TB progress to active disease. To combat tuberculosis, Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) was adopted in Nepal in 1996. DOT was administered at four national demonstration sites in 1996 and expanded over time so that 56% of the population to date have been covered by DOT. This study aimed to evaluate DOT in pulmonary TB patients in Nepal in terms of patient …

Access To Pediatric Services Under Medicaid Managed Care In The District Of Columbia, Karen Shaw, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.