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41 Year-Old Male Dies After Being Struck In The Head With An Auger, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Jun 2003

41 Year-Old Male Dies After Being Struck In The Head With An Auger, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Other

On October 23, 2002, a 41 year-old male (decedent) died after he was hit in the head with the handle of an auger. He was part of a four-member work crew tying water lines of private residences into a municipal water line. He was injured while backing the auger out of the hole and the handle became tangled with the rotating auger bit which caused the handle to flip up and strike him in the head, twice. After being struck, with co-workers following him trying to convince him to sit down, he walked away from the site until emergency rescue …

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A New Confidence Interval For The Difference Between Two Binomial Proportions Of Paired Data, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Gengsheng Qin Jun 2003

A New Confidence Interval For The Difference Between Two Binomial Proportions Of Paired Data, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Gengsheng Qin

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Motivated by a study on comparing sensitivities and specificities of two diagnostic tests in a paired design when the sample size is small, we first derived an Edgeworth expansion for the studentized difference between two binomial proportions of paired data. The Edgeworth expansion can help us understand why the usual Wald interval for the difference has poor coverage performance in the small sample size. Based on the Edgeworth expansion, we then derived a transformation based confidence interval for the difference. The new interval removes the skewness in the Edgeworth expansion; the new interval is easy to compute, and its coverage …

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Doing It Rite: Exploring A Decade Of Health Coverage Innovation (Rhode Island), Jennifer Ryan, Ginger P. Parra May 2003

Doing It Rite: Exploring A Decade Of Health Coverage Innovation (Rhode Island), Jennifer Ryan, Ginger P. Parra

National Health Policy Forum

This site visit to the state of Rhode Island provided an opportunity to experience and understand the decade of health coverage innovation that has resulted in near universal coverage for children. Site visitors had the opportunity to interact with health care providers, state officials, and consumer advocates, as well as other leaders in health care community. The group also visited the Thundermist Health Center in Woonsocket; a school based health clinic at Woonsocket High School; the HELP Lead Safe Center in South Providence; and a local provider, St. Joseph’s Hospital for Specialty Care, that houses several preventive care clinics and …

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Improved Confidence Intervals For The Sensitivity At A Fixed Level Of Specificity Of A Continuous-Scale Diagnostic Test, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Gengsheng Qin May 2003

Improved Confidence Intervals For The Sensitivity At A Fixed Level Of Specificity Of A Continuous-Scale Diagnostic Test, Xiao-Hua Zhou, Gengsheng Qin

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

For a continuous-scale test, it is an interest to construct a confidence interval for the sensitivity of the diagnostic test at the cut-off that yields a predetermined level of its specificity (eg. 80%, 90%, or 95%). IN this paper we proposed two new intervals for the sensitivity of a continuous-scale diagnostic test at a fixed level of specificity. We then conducted simulation studies to compare the relative performance of these two intervals with the best existing BCa bootstrap interval, proposed by Platt et al. (2000). Our simulation results showed that the newly proposed intervals are better than the BCa bootstrap …

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Bootstrap Confidence Intervals For Medical Costs With Censored Observations, Hongyu Jiang, Xiao-Hua Zhou May 2003

Bootstrap Confidence Intervals For Medical Costs With Censored Observations, Hongyu Jiang, Xiao-Hua Zhou

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Medical costs data with administratively censored observations often arise in cost-effectiveness studies of treatments for life threatening diseases. Mean of medical costs incurred from the start of a treatment till death or certain timepoint after the implementation of treatment is frequently of interest. In many situations, due to the skewed nature of the cost distribution and non-uniform rate of cost accumulation over time, the currently available normal approximation confidence interval has poor coverage accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a bootstrap confidence interval for the mean of medical costs with censored observations. In simulation studies, we showed that the proposed …

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A Bootstrap Confidence Interval Procedure For The Treatment Effect Using Propensity Score Subclassification, Wanzhu Tu, Xiao-Hua Zhou May 2003

A Bootstrap Confidence Interval Procedure For The Treatment Effect Using Propensity Score Subclassification, Wanzhu Tu, Xiao-Hua Zhou

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

In the analysis of observational studies, propensity score subclassification has been shown to be a powerful method for adjusting unbalanced covariates for the purpose of causal inferences. One practical difficulty in carrying out such an analysis is to obtain a correct variance estimate for such inferences, while reducing bias in the estimate of the treatment effect due to an imbalance in the measured covariates. In this paper, we propose a bootstrap procedure for the inferences concerning the average treatment effect; our bootstrap method is based on an extension of Efron’s bias-corrected accelerated (BCa) bootstrap confidence interval to a two-sample problem. …

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Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton May 2003

Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton

Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)

A research consortium comprised of representatives from several universities and national laboratories has been established as part of this on-going project to generate internal and external dose conversion coefficients for radionuclides produced in spallation neutron sources. Information obtained from this multi-year study will be used to support the siting and licensing of future accelerator-driven nuclear initiatives within the U.S. Department of Energy complex, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) Projects. Determination of these coefficients will also fill data gaps for several hundred radionuclides that exist in Federal Guide Report No. 11 and in …

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Patterns Of Cocaine Consumption: A Sub-Analysis Of The Drugnet Survey, Nivedita Seerpi May 2003

Patterns Of Cocaine Consumption: A Sub-Analysis Of The Drugnet Survey, Nivedita Seerpi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The myths and misconceptions that surround cocaine use lead to the over-estimation of the prevalence of cocaine addiction in society. Health education curricula and drug policy do not differentiate between cocaine use and abuse. This study describes the cocaine consumption patterns in a nonclinical, non-incarcerated sample of cocaine users. The resulting patterns are compared to those found by Cohen (1989) and Cohen and Sas (1993, 1994, 1995). DRUGNET is an online survey of recreational drug use by nondeviant adults via the WWW. Self-selected subjects completed a survey over the Internet between February and October 1997 (N= 701). This sample was …

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Co-Operation In Health And Safety: A Game Theory Analysis, Sylvie Nadeau May 2003

Co-Operation In Health And Safety: A Game Theory Analysis, Sylvie Nadeau

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “Health and safety managers face complex challenges in today’s production environments. They are confronted with increasingly flexible, autonomous and polyvalent contexts. Asymmetry of information on the workplace is widespread because various intervening parties rely on information lacking conformity. Social partners generate and use information which supports or benefits their pursuit of differing goals. Ascertaining and controlling this information can prove both difficult and costly. When addressing health and safety issues, one intervening partner alters or changes behavior in response to changes introduced by the other side. Strategic behaviors result, based on post-contract opportunism (moral hazard) and alliances with partners …

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Reauthorizing Head Start: The Future Federal Role In Preschool Programs For The Poor, Jane Koppelman Apr 2003

Reauthorizing Head Start: The Future Federal Role In Preschool Programs For The Poor, Jane Koppelman

National Health Policy Forum

This paper describes the implications of President Bush’s proposal to devolve authority for running the Head Start program to the states and to alter the organization and funding of all government early childhood programs—with the goal of improving the school readiness skills of low-income children. The administration plan to allow states to mix Head Start funds with state-funded preschool money and, if desired, child care monies to create a more uniform early childhood care system with an educational focus raises numerous questions. This paper addresses questions raised by this plan, including the potential quality of these new systems, the extent …

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The U.S. Health Workforce: Definitions, Dollars, And Dilemmas, Karen Matherlee Apr 2003

The U.S. Health Workforce: Definitions, Dollars, And Dilemmas, Karen Matherlee

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper provides a comprehensive view of the structure of the health workforce. It explores public and private insurance coverage and payment policies, as well as discretionary grant programs, that govern it. The paper also looks at health workforce concerns: supplies of certain types of physicians, health workforce mix, challenges from complementary and alternative medicine, shortages of nurses and pharmacists (and some other practitioners), maldistribution issues, and lack of diversity in response to demographic changes. It presents proposals that are on the table to reform the health workforce, at a time when it is demanding greater attention from health …

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Application Of The Traditional Epidemiological Model To Predict Occupational Injury Rates In Manufacturing Industries, Gary A. Morris Apr 2003

Application Of The Traditional Epidemiological Model To Predict Occupational Injury Rates In Manufacturing Industries, Gary A. Morris

Health Services Research Dissertations

This study was designed to test the usefulness of the Traditional Epidemiological Model of disease causation in modeling occupational injury rates and the presence of occupational illness in the manufacturing industry. More specifically, this research involved use of the agent, host, and environment constructs of the Traditional Epidemiological Model to examine the effects of five environmental-related workplace health and safety practices on occupational injury and illness. Data from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES), conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 1981–1983, were used to ascertain the presence of specific workplace characteristics and to calculate …

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Is Community Care A Civil Right? The Unfolding Saga Of The Olmstead Decision, Randy Desonia Mar 2003

Is Community Care A Civil Right? The Unfolding Saga Of The Olmstead Decision, Randy Desonia

National Health Policy Forum

This paper lays the groundwork for understanding the implications of the historic U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case of Olmstead v. L.C., which has far-reaching consequences for the long-term care of people with disabilities. The paper reviews the critical components influencing the case: the Medicaid program’s role in funding community-based long-term care; the Americans with Disabilities Act, which serves as the statutory basis for the decision; and the Court’s legal reasoning. The paper also describes the federal and state responses to the ruling and concludes with a brief discussion of some legal issues that will be debated in the …

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Utilization Of Algal And Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Secretions (Eps) By The Deposit-Feeding Brittlestar Amphipholis Gracillima (Echinodermata), D. L. Hoskins, S. E. Stancyk, Alan W. Decho Feb 2003

Utilization Of Algal And Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Secretions (Eps) By The Deposit-Feeding Brittlestar Amphipholis Gracillima (Echinodermata), D. L. Hoskins, S. E. Stancyk, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Like many deposit-feeding organisms, the burrowing brittlestar Amphipholis gracillima feeds on particulate organic matter in surface sediments. Microbial exopolymeric secretions (EPS) are carbohydrate-enriched polymers produced by microalgae and bacteria that bind aggregates and form dense biofilms near the sediment-water interface. EPS are assimilable by some benthic infauna and may be utilized as a significant carbon source. EPS are absorbed by some deposit-feeders, including a holothurian, and may be supplemental sources of nutrition. The burrowing brittlestar A. gracillima is a deposit-feeder that was used in a mass balance approach to model the incorporation of radiolabeled EPS by bottom feeders. Brittlestars were …

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Semiparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis To Evaluate Biomarkers For Disease, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe Jan 2003

Semiparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis To Evaluate Biomarkers For Disease, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a popular method for characterizing the accuracy of diagnostic tests when test results are not binary. Various methodologies for estimating and comparing ROC curves have been developed. One approach, due to Pepe, uses a parametric regression model with the baseline function specified up to a finite-dimensional parameter. In this article we extend the regression models by allowing arbitrary nonparametric baseline functions. We also provide asymptotic distribution theory and procedures for making statistical inference. We illustrate our approach with dataset from a prostate cancer biomarker study. Simulation studies suggest that the extra flexibility inherent …

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Semi-Parametric Regression For The Area Under The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe Jan 2003

Semi-Parametric Regression For The Area Under The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Medical advances continue to provide new and potentially better means for detecting disease. Such is true in cancer, for example, where biomarkers are sought for early detection and where improvements in imaging methods may pick up the initial functional and molecular changes associated with cancer development. In other binary classification tasks, computational algorithms such as Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Evolutionary Algorithms have been applied to areas as diverse as credit scoring, object recognition, and peptide-binding prediction. Before a classifier becomes an accepted technology, it must undergo rigorous evaluation to determine its ability to discriminate between states. Characterization of …

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Partial Auc Estimation And Regression, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe Jan 2003

Partial Auc Estimation And Regression, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Accurate disease diagnosis is critical for health care. New diagnostic and screening tests must be evaluated for their abilities to discriminate disease from non-diseased states. The partial area under the ROC curve (partial AUC) is a measure of diagnostic test accuracy. We present an interpretation of the partial AUC that gives rise to a new non-parametric estimator. This estimator is more robust than existing estimators, which make parametric assumptions. We show that the robustness is gained with only a moderate loss in efficiency. We describe a regression modelling framework for making inference about covariate effects on the partial AUC. Such …

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Functional Health Literacy In An Urban Primary Care Clinic, Nancy Trygar Artinian, M. Patricia Lange, Thomas Templin, Lynda G Stallwood, Christopher E. Hermann Jan 2003

Functional Health Literacy In An Urban Primary Care Clinic, Nancy Trygar Artinian, M. Patricia Lange, Thomas Templin, Lynda G Stallwood, Christopher E. Hermann

Nursing Faculty Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of functional health literacy in a sample of patients treated in 1of our 5 primary care clinics. A total of 92 randomly selected adults (mean age = 59 years) completed the TOFHLA while waiting for a scheduled appointment. Twenty eight percent of the sample had less than adequate levels of functional health literacy. Income, car ownership and education were significant and independent predictors of literacy level in this sample. Low levels of functional health literacy limit a patient's ability to read, understand and act on health information. It is essential …

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The Impact Of Asthma Self-Management Education Programs On The Health Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis (Systemic Review) Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Surender Gaddam Jan 2003

The Impact Of Asthma Self-Management Education Programs On The Health Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis (Systemic Review) Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Surender Gaddam

Theses Digitization Project

An attempt has been made in this study to critically appraise, systematically review and gather together the results obtained in individual trials and examine the strength of evidence supporting the component for Education for a Partnership in Asthma Care of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) to test whether health outcomes are influenced by education and self-management programs.

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Health And Environmental Effects Of Landfilling And Incineration Of Waste - A Literature Review, D. Crowley, A. Staines, C. Collins, J. Bracken, M. Bruen, J Fry, Victor Hrymak, D. Malone, B. Magette, M. Ryan, C Thunhurst Jan 2003

Health And Environmental Effects Of Landfilling And Incineration Of Waste - A Literature Review, D. Crowley, A. Staines, C. Collins, J. Bracken, M. Bruen, J Fry, Victor Hrymak, D. Malone, B. Magette, M. Ryan, C Thunhurst

Reports

A literature review on the health effects of landfill and incineration is presented together with an application to Ireland of the findings

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A Prospective Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Smoking Dosage And Body Mass Index In An Adolescent, Biracial Cohort., Theodore Cooper, R. Klesges, L. Robinson, S. Zbikowski Jan 2003

A Prospective Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Smoking Dosage And Body Mass Index In An Adolescent, Biracial Cohort., Theodore Cooper, R. Klesges, L. Robinson, S. Zbikowski

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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A Preliminary Linkage Map Of The Hard Tick, Ixodes Scapularis, A. J. Ullmann, J. Piesman, M. C. Dolan, W. C. Black Iv Jan 2003

A Preliminary Linkage Map Of The Hard Tick, Ixodes Scapularis, A. J. Ullmann, J. Piesman, M. C. Dolan, W. C. Black Iv

United States Public Health Resources

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. A linkage map of the Ixodes scapularis genome was constructed, based upon segregation amongst 127 loci. These included 84 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, 32 Sequence-Tagged RAPD (STAR) markers, 5 cDNAs, and 5 microsatellites in 232 F1 intercross progeny from a single, field-collected P1 female. A preliminary linkage map of 616 cM was generated across 14 linkage groups with one marker every 10.8 cM. Assuming a genome size of ~ 10 9 bp, the relationship of physical to genetic distance was found to be ~ 300 kb/cM in the I. scapularis genome.

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Accuracy Of Six Commercially Available Systems For Identification Of Members Of The Family Vibrionaceae, Caroline M. O’Hara, Evangeline G. Sowers, Cheryl A. Bopp, Sarah B. Duda, Nancy A. Strockbine Jan 2003

Accuracy Of Six Commercially Available Systems For Identification Of Members Of The Family Vibrionaceae, Caroline M. O’Hara, Evangeline G. Sowers, Cheryl A. Bopp, Sarah B. Duda, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with Vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), V. cholerae (30 strains), Photobacterium (Vibrio) damselae (10 strains), V. fluvialis (10 strains), V. furnissii (4 strains), V. hollisae (10 strains), V. metschnikovii (9 strains), V. mimicus (10 strains), V. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and V. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. The products included API 20E, Crystal E/NF, MicroScan Neg ID2 and Rapid Neg ID3, and Vitek GNI+ and ID-GNB. Each product was tested only with those species that were listed in its database. Overall, the systems correctly …

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Ethanol Consumption Decreases The Synthesis Of The Mannose 6-Phosphatelinsulin-Like Growth Factor Ii Receptor But Does Not Decrease Its Messenger Rna, James Haorah, Richard Macdonald, Julie A. Stoner, Terrence M. Donohue, Jr. Jan 2003

Ethanol Consumption Decreases The Synthesis Of The Mannose 6-Phosphatelinsulin-Like Growth Factor Ii Receptor But Does Not Decrease Its Messenger Rna, James Haorah, Richard Macdonald, Julie A. Stoner, Terrence M. Donohue, Jr.

United States Public Health Resources

The mannose 6-phosphatelinsulin-like growth factor I1 receptor (M6P/IGF-IIR) is a protein that facilitates the transport of acid hydrolases into the lysosome. We have shown that chronic ethanol consumption lowers the M6P/IGF-IIR content in rat hepatocytes. Here, we determined the steady-state level of mRNA encoding M6P/IGF-IIR, as well as the rate of receptor synthesis, to ascertain whether the ethanol-elicited reduction in receptor protein content is related to changes in either or both of these parameters. Rats were pair-fed the normal carbohydrate (NC) or low carbohydrate high-fat (LC) liquid diets containing either ethanol or isocaloric maltose-dextrin for 7-8 weeks. RNA was isolated …

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Acute Pesticide-Related Illnesses Among Working Youths, 1988–1999, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Louise N. Mehler, Rachel Rosales, Lynden Baum, Catherine Thomsen, Dorilee Male, Omar Shafey, Rupali Das, Michelle Lackovic, Ernest Arvizu Jan 2003

Acute Pesticide-Related Illnesses Among Working Youths, 1988–1999, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Louise N. Mehler, Rachel Rosales, Lynden Baum, Catherine Thomsen, Dorilee Male, Omar Shafey, Rupali Das, Michelle Lackovic, Ernest Arvizu

United States Public Health Resources

Objectives. The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations.
Methods. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated.
Results. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults …

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What Affects Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Older Patients? An Analysis From Inner-City, Suburban, Rural, And Veterans Affairs Practices, Richard Kent Zimmerman, Tammy A. Santibanez, Janine E. Janosky, Michael J. Fine, Mahlon Raymund, Stephen A. Wilson, Inis Jane Bardella, Anne R. Medsger, Mary Patricia Nowalk Jan 2003

What Affects Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Older Patients? An Analysis From Inner-City, Suburban, Rural, And Veterans Affairs Practices, Richard Kent Zimmerman, Tammy A. Santibanez, Janine E. Janosky, Michael J. Fine, Mahlon Raymund, Stephen A. Wilson, Inis Jane Bardella, Anne R. Medsger, Mary Patricia Nowalk

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: Despite strong evidence of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination, immunization rates have reached a plateau that is below the 2010 national goals. Our objective was to identify facilitators of, and barriers to, vaccination in diverse groups of older patients.
METHODS: A survey was conducted in 2000 by computer-assisted telephone interviewing of patients from inner-city health centers, Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient clinics, rural practices, and suburban practices. The inclusion criteria were age ≥66 years and an office visit after September 30, 1998.
RESULTS: Overall, 1007 (73%) interviews were completed among 1383 patients. Influenza vaccination rates were 91% at VA clinics, …

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Reproductive Health Services In Kwazulu Natal, South Africa: A Situation Analysis Study Focusing On Hiv/Aids Services, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Ester Snyman, Nancy L. Sloan Jan 2003

Reproductive Health Services In Kwazulu Natal, South Africa: A Situation Analysis Study Focusing On Hiv/Aids Services, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Ester Snyman, Nancy L. Sloan

HIV and AIDS

This Horizons report examines the readiness of reproductive health services in South Africa, which are primarily geared to women, to deliver HIV and AIDS treatment, care, and prevention services. The goal of the study was to obtain information from a representative sample of provincial health care facilities offering reproductive health services in KwaZulu Natal to meet the growing demand for HIV/AIDS-related services. Ninety-eight hospitals, community health centers, and clinics participated in the situation analysis that identified gaps in service delivery and determined priorities for service integration. Results of the study were presented to a large audience of Department of Health, …

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Improving Postpartum Care Among Low Parity Mothers In Palestine, Center For Development In Primary Health Care (Cdphc) Jan 2003

Improving Postpartum Care Among Low Parity Mothers In Palestine, Center For Development In Primary Health Care (Cdphc)

Reproductive Health

In an effort to improve the health status of Palestinian women and their children in the West Bank and Gaza, USAID, in collaboration with the Palestinian Ministry of Health and a number of NGOs, designed and funded a 28-month pilot activity, the Pilot Health Project (PHP), that was expected to have a positive impact on the health of women and children. This report describes the results of the intervention designed to measure the effectiveness of a second home visit on low-parity women in 1) improving their knowledge and practices regarding their own health as well as the health of their …

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Seniors Count Follow-Up Study, Nina M. Silverstein, Heather Connors, May Jawad Jan 2003

Seniors Count Follow-Up Study, Nina M. Silverstein, Heather Connors, May Jawad

Gerontology Institute Publications

Seniors Count is an ongoing outreach initiative under the direction of Boston Mayor Thomas M. Menino with the leadership and support of Joyce Williams, Boston's Commissioner on Affairs of the Elderly. The program's purpose is to "identify and reach out to those members of the city's elderly population who live in private housing arrangements and help provide them with the information and services they [may] need" (Boston Commission on Affairs of the Elderly, 2002). Since the program's inception in 1999, it has reached over 5,500 community-dwelling elders in the City of Boston (Boston Commission on Affairs of the Elderly, 2002). …

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Estimating Mean Lifetime, John Bongaarts, Griffith Feeney Jan 2003

Estimating Mean Lifetime, John Bongaarts, Griffith Feeney

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The life expectancy implied by current age-specific mortality rates is calculated with life table methods that are among the oldest and most fundamental tools of demography. We demonstrate that these conventional estimates of period life expectancy are affected by an undesirable “tempo effect.” The tempo effect is positive when the mean age at death is rising and negative when the mean age is declining. Estimates of the effect for females in three countries with high and rising life expectancy range from 1.6 years in the United States and Sweden to 2.4 years in France for the period 1980-95.

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