Digital Commons Network^™

The Relationship Between Body Image And Body Mass Index In Attendees At A Health Fair, Millie S. Olds

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body image and body mass index (BMI) in attendees at a health fair. BMI and body image was also compared between races, ages and genders. It was hypothesized that there would be discrepancies between perceived body image and weight status, as measured by BMI. Sixty-two participants at a health fair in Cincinnati completed a survey about perceived body image and had their height and weight measured and BMI calculated later. Results suggested a positive relationship between BMI and body image. Participants with a higher BMI identified themselves with a …

Unmet Medical Need Of Underserved Population In A Safety-Net Organization, Leslie Clem

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Safety net providers serve a large proportion of America’s uninsured and low income population. The purpose of this study is to determine if differences in unmet medical needs exist between the provisional and clinic populations, age groups, and sex and race categories. This research study provides information about the population that receives services from Good Neighbor House, a non-profit social service organization in Dayton, Ohio.

Methods: GNH created a survey to assess the unmet medical need of their clients. The instrument contains questions about routine medical care, unmet medical care in the last 12 months, medical bills, and demographic …

Identifying Influential Observations Through The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Angel De Jesus Davalos

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis, we analyze the performance of adapting the DFBETA statistic for identifying influential observations on the intraclass correlation coefficient under the assumptions of the one-way random effects model. Additionally, we introduce an approach for transforming negative intraclass correlation coefficient estimation values using the method of moments estimator. We apply this method on a data set of repeated blood pressure measurements, after which we will investigate implications of identifying influential observations.

Evaluations Of Clinical Signs Currently And Not Currently Used In Syndromic Case Management (Scm) Of Reproductive Tract Infections (Rtis) Among Pregnant Women In Jamaica, Gelen Receno Del Rosario

All ETDs from UAB

Reproductive tract infections include sexually transmitted infections, endogenous infections caused by overgrowth of organisms that can be present in the genital tract of a healthy woman, and iatrogenic infections. In Jamaica, women in the reproductive age group of 15-44 years old accounts for 95% of all RTIs. RTIs among Jamaican women of reproductive age can seriously impact the health of the women and their children. The advent of HIV/AIDS has had a significant impact on increasing awareness of the effect of STIs. Health care organizations have reacted with great commit-ment to STI prevention and treatment as a significant factor in …

Epigenetics: Blurring The Line Between Nature And Nurture, Elizabeth H. Rose

CMC Senior Theses

This long-standing nature versus nurture debate is cited in behavioral and physical expressions of disease dysfunctions, resiliencies, and recovery. Their purposes are noted both in scientific pursuits as well as literature. This discourse has been particularly intense in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and biology where there is a long history of scientists’ attempts to disprove or discredit others’ intellectual and professional measures. Interestingly, recent advances in the neurosciences and genetic technologies have brought these fields closer together with a new focus – the interactional relationship between nature and nurture – epigenetics.

Industrial Heat Stress : Using Ice Slurry Ingestion As A Practical Approach To Reducing Heat Strain In Workers, Joseph E. Maté

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Personnel working in industry can encounter hot and humid conditions where uncompensable heat loads are experienced; an inability to dissipate stored heat increases the risk of developing a heat illness. In order to minimise the incidence of heat illnesses, several heat stress reduction interventions have been developed which aim to allow for safe repeated bouts of exposure to high thermal heat loads. These vary from modification of the working environment, wearing of personal protective equipment designed to cool, heat stress indices and/or hydration regimens. Despite these interventions, personnel still experience heat stress related illnesses. Consequently, the overall aim of the …

Monitoring And Evaluation Of The Emergency Plan Progress (Meepp): End-Of-Project Evaluation, Sam Kalibala

HIV and AIDS

This report evaluates the scope of the Monitoring and Evaluation of the Emergency Plan Progress (MEEPP) and the lessons learned from the project in Uganda, which aims to improve availability and quality of PEPFAR data.

A Descriptive Analysis Of Bookings In Sibley County Jail Between January 1, 2008 And December 31, 2009, Deanna Aufderheide

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Each year approximately 12 million admissions and releases occur in U.S. jails (Solomon, A. L., Osborne, J. W. L, LoBuglio, S. F., Mellow, J., & Mukamal, D. A.). Those that cycle in and out of jail often times are unstable. These instabilities include: substance abuse, lack of housing and employment, mental illness, and health concerns. More than 80 percent of offenders are incarcerated for less than one month; some for a few hours or a few days (Solomon, et. al.). This concern was identified by the Public Health Nurse (PHN) who has seen the same offenders being booked in, time …

Respondent Driven Sampling : Feasibility, Validation And Its Potential Use For Estimating Health Indicators For Large General Populations, Robin Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

BACKGROUND: Researchers use many methods to collect population-based health indicator data. Random digit dial (RDD) is one frequently used method; however decreasing sample coverage and non-response bias have researchers searching for alternative methods. We hypothesize that respondent driven sampling (RDS) is a cost effective alternative. In accordance with this hypothesis we propose three objectives: 1) assess the mechanics, feasibility, and representativeness of RDS in producing valid estimates of health indicator data; 2) evaluate the feasibility in using RDS in comparison to RDD to collect health indicator data from a general population; and 3) report on data collected using RDS, specifically …

Prevention Of Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Infection And Hpv-Related Diseases : Barriers To Hpv Vaccine Coverage Among University Women In The U.S., And Initial Steps In Integrating Cervical Cytology Testing Into Primary Care In The Republic Of Georgia, Robert Bednarczyk

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Worldwide, cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer in incidence. Screening for pre-cancerous abnormalities can reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality, though this is not uniformly used worldwide. Recently, a vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV), a necessary cause of cervical cancer, was approved for preventive use in the United States.

Fitwits Md: An Intervention To Prevent Childhood Obesity, Diane J. Abatemarco, Phd, Msw, Ann Mcgaffey, Md, Ilene Katz Jewell, Mshyg, Susan K. Fidler, Md, Kristin Hughes, Mfa

College of Population Health Lectures, Presentations, Workshops

Objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to describe a comprehensive evaluation undertaken to study the feasibility of Fitwits MD, an intervention designed to assist primary care physicians to increase health fluency and affect wellness choices of children and their families. Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic but there are few if any successful interventions to alter the course of childhood obesity. The intervention was created through the use of participatory design.

Ethiopia Young Adult Survey: A Study In Seven Regions, Annabel Erulkar, Abebaw Ferede, Worku Ambelu, Woldemariam Girma, Helen Amdemikael, Behailu Gebremedhin, Berhanu Legesse, Ayehualem Tameru, Messay Teferi

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report details a survey in Ethiopia that provides a baseline for four new initiatives, including programs devoted to adolescent and youth health and development, gender-based violence, women’s/girls’ empowerment, and female genital cutting/mutilation. The Population Council research contributes to up-to-date and nuanced understandings of HIV behavior, gender issues, and reproductive health among young people in seven regions of Ethiopia. The survey findings underscore the differing experiences of boys and girls as well as the varying conditions in urban and rural areas of Ethiopia; tailored strategies are needed to reach rural boys, rural girls, urban boys, and urban girls. In addition, …

Girl-Centered Program Design: A Toolkit To Develop, Strengthen And Expand Adolescent Girls Programs, Karen Austrian, Dennitah Ghati

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

"Girl-Centered Program Design: A Toolkit to Develop, Strengthen and Expand Adolescent Girls Programs" is a set of tools and guidelines for strengthening programs for adolescent girls in urban Kenya. Based on discussions from a 2010 meeting of the Kenya Adolescent Girls’ Brain Trust, hosted by the Binti Pamoja Center and the Population Council, the toolkit is written for those interested in working with adolescent girls ages 10–24. It can be used by anyone who is designing or running a program, writing a proposal to work with girls, or seeking innovative ideas on how to strengthen program activities. The toolkit has …

Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006-2007—Executive Summary, Andhra Pradesh, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study, implemented by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi is the first-ever subnationally representative study conducted to identify key transitions experienced by married and unmarried youth in India. In recognition of the importance of investing in young people, several national policies and programs formulated since 2000 have underscored a commitment to addressing the multiple needs of this group in India. Effective implementation of policies and programs, however, has been handicapped by lack of evidence on young people’s situation and needs. This study focused on married and unmarried young women and unmarried young …

Youth In India: Situation And Needs 2006–2007, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report is the result of a subnational study undertaken by the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai and the Population Council, New Delhi as part of a project to collect information on key transitions experienced by youth in India. The project was implemented in six states of India, namely, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. The report offers a roadmap for programs and priorities that aim to address young people’s needs. More than 50,000 young people were interviewed in the study, providing a robust picture of youth in India and a wealth of evidence on almost …

Romance And Sex Before Marriage Among Young Women And Men In India, International Institute For Population Sciences (Iips), Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This policy brief was produced in association with the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (IIPS). Data was drawn from the Youth in India: Situation and Needs study to examine pre-marital partnerships and relationship among youth in India. Findings call for family life or sex education, and increased awareness and education of condom use.

Ethiopia Gender Survey: A Study In Seven Regions, Annabel Erulkar, Abebaw Ferede, Worku Ambelu, Woldemariam Girma, Helen Amdemikael, Behailu Gebremedhin, Berhanu Legesse, Ayehualem Tameru, Messay Teferi

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“Ethiopia Gender Survey: A Study in Seven Regions” is a 2009 population-based survey. Over 8,000 Ethiopian women aged 15 to 49 were interviewed to examine a better understanding of HIV behavior, gender issues and reproductive health in Ethiopia. The information serves as the baseline survey for four initiatives in Ethiopia related to adolescent health and development, gender-based violence, women’s empowerment, and female genital cutting/ mutilation.

Impact Of The Iowa Smoke-Free Ban Among The College Students Of The University Of Northern Iowa, Jean Marie Vianney Hirwa Kavamahanga

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of the Iowa Smoke-Free Ban impact on: smoking behavior, knowledge of the ban and knowledge of smoking health effect, reported smoking in both indoor and outside venues; support for smoke-free public venues; and self-reported effects of the law on consumption and quitting. A non-random sample of 113 students (49.44% male and 50.44% female) participated in this study.

The 35-item questionnaire was used to evaluate the impact of the Iowa smoke-free ban among college students of the University of Northern Iowa. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey responses. The …

Patterns Of Drug Use And Abuse Among Aging Adults With And Without Hiv: A Latent Class Analysis Of A Us Veteran Cohort, Traci C. Green, Trace Kershaw, Haiqun Lin, Robert Heimer, Joseph L. Goulet, Kevin L. Kraemer, Adam J. Gordon, Steve A. Maisto, Nancy L. Day, Kendall Bryant, David A. Fiellin, Amy C. Justice

United States Public Health Resources

This study characterized the extent and patterns of self-reported drug use among aging adults with and without HIV, assessed differences in patterns by HIV status, and examined pattern correlates. Data derived from 6351 HIV-infected and uninfected adults enrolled in an eight-site matched cohort, the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS). Using clinical variables from electronic medical records and sociodemographics, drug use consequences, and frequency of drug use from baseline surveys, we performed latent class analyses (LCA) stratified by HIV status and adjusted for clinical and socio-demographic covariates. Participants were, on average, age 50 (range 22–86), primarily male (95%) and African-American (64%). …

Female Veterans Of The Oef/Oif Conflict: Concordance Of Ptsd Symptoms And Substance Misuse, Sarah E. Nunnink, Gali Goldwaser, Pia S. Heppner, James O.E. Pittman, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Dewleen G. Baker

United States Public Health Resources

This study examined the post-deployment rates of comorbid PTSD and substance abuse in a cohort of female veterans who served in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). Female OEF/ OIF veterans and reservists (N=36) completed a battery of assessments as part of a larger study. Of the 36 participants, 11 (31%) screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 17 (47%) screened positive for high-risk drinking and 2 (6%) screened positive for drug abuse. Higher scores on measures of alcohol and drug use predicted positive PTSD status (p≤0.01) and alcohol misuse was significant in explaining …

Safe Choices: An Examination Of Contraceptive Choices Of The Patient Population Of Planned Parenthood Of Central Ohio, Chloe Williams

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the variation between racial groups and contraceptive methods chosen by women served by Planned Parenthood of Central Ohio (PPCO) in 2009 in order to better understand the issue of unintended pregnancy.

Methods: This two part study used administrative records provided by PPCO that included raw data for all women who were scheduled for an appointment to receive, or be consulted on contraception from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 which included three PPCO clinic locations in Franklin County, Ohio. A chi-square analysis was performed with java-based mathematical software from the Math Beans Project …

Montgomery County Breast Cancer Study: Demographic Analysis Of Breast Cancer In Montgomery County, Ohio, Danial Jilani

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Disparities exist in cancer incidence and mortality between specific population groups in the United States. Breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer diagnosed in women. Breast cancer ranks as the second highest leading cause of death for women in the state of Ohio and in the United States. Perhaps more concerning, breast cancer is the leading cause of death for Hispanic women and ranks second for white, black, Asian, and Native American women. Specifically, women of low socioeconomic status (SES) have been shown to have lower rates of survival.

Methods: A descriptive study of …

Knowledge And Awareness About H1n1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Among University Students, Suneel Kumar Parvathareddy

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

H1N1 influenza (Swine influenza or Swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Worldwide, as of October 17, 2009, there have been more than 414,000 laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 and nearly 5000 deaths. The 2009 flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and was first identified April 2009 in Mexico. On June 11, 2009, WHO declared the H1N1 outbreak as a pandemic. Worldwide, as of April 11, 2010, more than 214 countries and …

Les Effets D'Un Entraînement Physique Pré-Saison Sur Le Travail Et La Sécurité Des Débroussailleurs : Étude De Faisabilité D'Une Approche De Mesure, Daniel Imbeau, Philippe-Antoine Dubé, Denise Dubeau, Luc Lebel

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Depuis quelques années, des intervenants du Bas-St-Laurent (BSL) ont développé et mis en application un Programme d'entraînement physique pour les travailleurs forestiers (PEPTF). Le PEPTF vise à améliorer leur condition physique avant le début de la saison de travail afin de leur faciliter le retour au travail et éventuellement de réduire les accidents du travail et les TMS. Des travaux récents montrent que les débroussailleurs sont soumis à une charge de travail physique considérée comme lourde (ex., selon le RSST) durant toute la saison des travaux qui dure approximativement 6 mois, soit de mai à octobre. Pour effectuer un tel …

Stratégies De Diagnostic De L'Exposition Des Travailleurs Aux Substances Chimiques, Daniel Drolet, Nicole Goyer, Brigitte Roberge, Jérôme Lavoué, Mathieu Coulombe, André Dufresne

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Toute intervention en hygiène du travail liée à une exposition à des substances chimiques vise à protéger, éventuellement s’il y a lieu, la santé et l’intégrité physique des travailleurs. Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux conditions préalables existent : (1) il est possible d’identifier, d’évaluer et de maîtriser les risques auxquels peuvent être exposés les travailleurs et ce, de façon efficace (protéger l’ensemble des travailleurs) et efficiente (avec le minimum de ressources) (2) un niveau acceptable pour la protection de la santé a été défini pour chacun des risques identifiés.

Traditionnellement, la stratégie d’évaluation du risque chimique repose sur la mesure …

Les Horaires Rotatifs Chez Les Policiers : Étude Des Approches Préventives Complémentaires De Réduction De La Fatigue, Diane B. Boivin, Geneviève M. Tremblay, Philippe Boudreau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans les pays industrialisés, entre 15-30% des travailleurs opèrent en dehors des heures conventionnelles. Cette situation affecte environ 750 000 travailleurs québécois. La privation aiguë et chronique de sommeil, combinée à une perturbation de l’harmonie temporelle entre l’horloge biologique interne (appelée « oscillateur circadien ») et l’horaire de travail augmente significativement le risque d’accident en plus de réduire la productivité des travailleurs.

De plus, les travailleurs postés présentent un risque accru de développer plusieurs maladies chroniques telles que des maladies cardiovasculaires, un syndrome métabolique, des troubles digestifs, divers cancers et des maladies mentales. Il est donc urgent de développer des …

Prévention De La Violence Entre Membres D’Une Même Organisation De Travail : Évaluation D’Une Intervention Participative, Julie Dussault, Nathalie Jauvin, Michel Vézina, Renée Bourbonnais

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Click here for the English version of this report

La violence au travail, particulièrement entre des membres d'une même organisation, a des répercussions sur la santé et la sécurité du personnel. Bien que le Québec se soit doté d'un cadre législatif pour contrer ce phénomène, on connaît peu l'utilité et l'efficacité des moyens servant à le prévenir. Les auteurs ont mené une recherche auprès d'agents de services correctionnels de trois établissements de détention, chez qui les chercheurs avaient préalablement démontré que des facteurs organisationnels étaient associés à cette problématique. Cette recherche reposait sur une démarche participative qu’ils ont systématiquement évaluée …

Étude De La Transmission Sonore À Travers Les Protecteurs Auditifs Et Application D’Une Méthode Pour Évaluer Leur Efficacité En Milieu De Travail. Partie 1 : Étude Terrain, Hugues Nélisse, Marc-André Gaudreau, Jérôme Boutin, Frédéric Laville, Jérémie Voix

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le projet « Étude de la transmission sonore à travers les protecteurs auditifs et application d’une méthode pour évaluer leur efficacité effective en milieu de travail » comptait principalement deux parties : i) une étude terrain portant sur la mesure de l’efficacité effective des protecteurs auditifs en milieu de travail; ii) une étude exploratoire visant à examiner le potentiel de la modélisation par éléments finis à traiter le problème de la transmission sonore à travers les protecteurs auditifs. Compte tenu de l’ampleur des travaux effectués et de la quantité d’information à présenter, un rapport formé de deux documents distincts est …

Évaluation De La Validité De Construit De Tests Portant Sur L’Endurance Et Les Réponses Réflexes Des Muscles Du Dos Chez Des Sujets Présentant Une Lombalgie Chronique : Programme Repar - Irsst, Christian Larivière, Robert Forget, Martin Bilodeau, Roger Vadeboncoeur

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Introduction : Le présent projet de recherche s’intéresse aux lombalgies qui représentent un des plus importants problèmes de santé dans les pays industrialisés. Il y a un grand besoin de développer des outils de mesure valides et fidèles permettant de quantifier la présence de déficiences ou d’incapacités associées à la colonne vertébrale. Les mesures de l’endurance et des réponses réflexes des muscles dorsolombaires représentent deux de ces mesures pour lesquelles un protocole d’évaluation basé sur l’électromyographie (EMG) de surface a été mis sur pied. L’objectif principal du projet est de vérifier la validité de construit des mesures dérivées de ces …

Dépistage Précoce De L'Incapacité Chronique Liée Aux Lombalgies : Élaboration Et Validation D'Un Questionnaire, Manon Truchon, Michel Rossignol, Michel Tousignant, Marie-José Durand, Marie-Ève Schmouth, Denis Côté

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La douleur au bas du dos d’origine non spécifique, aussi appelée lombalgie commune, affecte de 60 à 90 % des travailleurs à un moment ou à un autre de leur vie et disparaît généralement dans une période allant de quelques jours à quelques semaines. Toutefois, pour un petit nombre de travailleurs affectés, le mal de dos perdure et entraîne une incapacité à retourner au travail pour une période prolongée. Cette situation génère des coûts sociaux et humains importants. Au cours des dernières décennies, plusieurs études de cohorte ont été menées dans le but de mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans …