Digital Commons Network^™

Cross-Ancestry Comparison Of Aptamer And Antibody Protein Measures, Jayna C Nicholas, Daniel H Katz, Usman A Tahir, Catherine L Debban, Francois Aguet, Thomas Blackwell, Russell P Bowler, K Alaine Broadaway, Jingsha Chen, Clary B Clish, Josef Coresh, Elaine Cornell, Daniel E Cruz, Rajat Deo, Margaret F Doyle, Peter Durda, Lynette Ekunwe, James S Floyd, Dipender Gill, Xiuqing Guo, Ron C Hoogeveen, Craig Johnson, Leslie A Lange, Yun Li, Alisa Manning, James B Meigs, Michael Y Mi, Josyf C Mychaleckyj, Nels C Olson, Katherine A Pratte, Brucy M Psaty, Alexander P Reiner, Peifeng Ruan, Magdalena Sevilla-Gonzalez, Amil M Shah, Quan Sun, Russell P Tracy, Jia Wen, Alexis C Wood, James G Wilson, Kristin L Young, Bing Yu, Mary R Rooney, Ani Manichaikul, Ruth Dubin, Karen L Mohlke, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, Peter Ganz, Robert E Gerszten, Kent D Taylor, Laura M Raffield

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Measures from affinity-proteomics platforms often correlate poorly, challenging interpretation of protein associations with genetic variants and phenotypes. Here, we examine 2157 proteins measured on both SomaScan 7k and Olink Explore 3072 across 1930 participants with genetic similarity to European, African, East Asian, and Admixed American ancestry references. Inter-platform correlation coefficients for these 2157 proteins follow a bimodal distribution (median r = 0.30). We evaluate protein measure associations with genetic variants, and find approximately 25-30% of the signals on each platform are likely driven by protein-altering variants. We highlight 80 proteins that correlate differently across ancestry groups likely in part due …

The Analysis Of Complete Basic Immunization Low Coverage During Covid-19 Pandemic At Community Health Center Pekanbaru, Nuzul Rifqa Sahira

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Complete Basic Immunization (IDL) is the giving of early immunization to infants before their age below one year old consisting of Hepatitis B, BCG, DPT-HB-Hib, Polio (IPV and OPV) and measles. Giving Immunization to children can prevent the occurrence of disease transmission (PD3I). The lowest IDL coverage in Pekanbaru Community Health Center during the Covid-19 pandemic experienced a significant decrease of 58.1%. The study objective was to analyze low IDL coverage in infants during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method was qualitative with phenomenology design. The study informant was 11 people. Data collection was conducted through in-deep interview, observation and document …

Early Atopic Dermatitis And Risk Of Later Autism Spectrum Disorders, Annissa Courtney Heslope-Mathieu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Early-onset atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10-20% of children in the United States, and emerging evidence suggests potential links between early immune dysregulation and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Limited research has examined whether early AD serves as a specific risk factor for later ASD diagnosis. Guided by life course theory, the purpose of this study was to examine whether AD diagnosed within the first two years of life predicts later diagnosis of ASD among U.S. children younger than five years. A secondary analysis of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design. The sample included 2,949 …

Clinical, Imaging And Blood Biomarker Outcomes In A Phase 3 Clinical Trial Of Tau Aggregation Inhibitor Hydromethylthionine Mesylate In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Mild To Moderate Dementia Due To Alzheimer’S Disease, Claude Wischik, Richard G. Stefanacci, Peter Bentham, Serge Gauthier, Henrik Zetterberg, Gordon Wilcock, Lutz Froelich, Alistair Burns, Emer Macsweeney, Clive Ballard, Jin-Tai Yu, Tay Siew Choon, Vahe Asvatourian, Natalia Muehlemann, Jan Priel, Karin Kook, Tenecia Sullivan, Diane Downie, Sonya Miller, Carol Pringle, John Storey, Tom Baddeley, Charles R Harrington, Lewis Penny, Mohammad Arastoo, Roger Staff, Anca-Larisa Sandu, Helen Shiells, Serena Lo, Nafeesa Nazlee, Emily Evans, Claire Hull, Bjoern Schelter

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) targets tau pathology and has tau-independent symptomatic activity.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of HMTM in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild to moderate dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

SETTING: 82 centres in Canada, European Union, United Kingdom and United States of America.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 598 amyloid β-PET positive participants were included; 44% (263) met clinical criteria for MCI due to Alzheimer's disease and 56% (335) were diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia due to AD.

INTERVENTION: HMTM 16 mg/day and 8 mg/day were compared with methylthioninium chloride (MTC) …

Plans4care, A Web Application Providing Caregivers Personalized Solutions To Manage Dementia-Related Care Challenges: Proof Of Concept And Efficacy Trial, Laura N. Gitlin, Eric Jutkowitz, Catherine V. Piersol, Sokha Koeuth, Taylor Sivori, Melinda J. Webster, Rachel N. Barnett, David L. Roth

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Few dementia caregivers have access to evidence-based support programs. Web applications (app) may address this gap. Plans4Care, a web app, provides caregivers with on-demand personalized solutions to address care challenges. We present results of a proof-of-concept study and describe a trial protocol to test efficacy.

METHODS: To use Plans4Care, caregivers respond to brief onboarding questions, assess dementia patients' cognitive function, identify care challenges, and generate "action plans" (personalized strategies). Telehealth sessions with dementia-trained care advisors are available. A proof-of-concept study evaluated a clickable prototype using standardized technology scales to determine if >75 % scored positively on four criteria (acceptability, …

Embodying Design Justice: A Peace Education Framework To Strengthen Relationships, Foster Trust And Build Community, Michelle Helman

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

BACKGROUND

Groups working toward creating peace and equity often focus on external innovation without addressing internal culture shifts necessary to navigate change and achieve their goals. Michelle’s doctoral research and practice address this challenge through a design research study and peace innovation project focused on organizational culture transformation through a design justice framework. Findings suggest that interweaving the framework with storytelling, arts, and embodiment practices are key to support people in navigating change processes to strengthen relationships, foster trust, and build community.

ABOUT

The workshop offers an applied learning experience for participants to explore the concepts of design and innovation …

Socioecological Stressors During Covid-19 Among Urban Refugee Youth In Kampala, Uganda: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis, Sikky Shiqi Chen, Carmen H. Logie, Frannie Mackenzie, Moses Okumu, Robert Hakiza, Brenda Katisi, Daniel Kibuuka Musoke, Aidah Nakitende, Isha Berry, Bay Bahri, Peter Kyambadde

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Limited studies have examined pandemic-related stressors among urban refugee youth in low and middle-income humanitarian countries (LMICs), such as Uganda. We explored the lived experience of COVID-19-related stressors among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda. We analyzed qualitative data (text messages, WhatsApp chats, photos) collected in an interactive mobile health intervention with 346 refugee youth aged 16–24 in Kampala. Findings revealed stressors across socioecological levels: individual (e.g., financial-related distress), social (e.g., limited social interactions), community (e.g., food insecurity), and policy (e.g., unprecedented lockdowns). Findings can inform social work organization pandemic preparedness strategies for economic empowerment and social cohesion with youth.

A194: Examining The Cultivation Paths And Practical Strategies Of National Community Consciousness Through Rural Sports Events, Yicheng Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

National community consciousness is fundamental for national stability and ethnic unity. Rural sports events, an integral part of rural cultural life, play a crucial role in promoting this consciousness. Amidst the push for rural revitalization and cultural preservation, this study aims to clarify how rural sports events enhance national community consciousness. Through a comprehensive literature review, it offers theoretical support for fostering rural ethnic harmony and cultural prosperity. Method: was conducted. Databases like CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, and EBSCO were searched using keywords such as "rural sports events", "national community consciousness", and "ethnic cultural exchanges" for literature in …

A278: The Effects Of Mtm-Based Stepped Behavior Change Intervention On Sedentary Lifestyle Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Subinuer Tuerdi, Yuewei Li

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Sedentary lifestyles are prevalent in the life patterns of community-dwelling older adults, who have been shown to be the most sedentary and physically inactive subgroup. Prolonged low energy expenditure during waking hours leads to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases and impairs physical functioning in older adults, negatively impacting their health outcomes. Therefore, interventions targeting changes in sedentary lifestyles are necessary to improve health behaviors in older adults. An experimental study was conducted to verify whether a sedentary lifestyle modification intervention based on the Multi-Theory Mode（MTM）and the staircase approach is more effective than conventional education in reducing sedentary time and …

A282: The Impact Of Creative Dance On The Urban Integration Of Migrant Children In China, Xin Lin, Qiaoyi Liang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Migrant children represent a unique demographic emerging from China's rapid urbanization. Due to disparities in public resource allocation, socioeconomic conditions, and prolonged exposure to unstable living environments, these children often face significant emotional and social challenges. When confronted with conflicts between urban and rural lifestyles and behavioral norms, they are prone to feelings of inferiority and anxiety, leading to communication barriers and social marginalization, hindering their timely integration into urban society. Creative dance emphasizes interpersonal interaction and engagement as an embodied intervention integrating both physical activity and artistic expression. It plays a crucial role in fostering social support networks and …

A295: Creating The Huxiang Sports Digital Museum: Pathways And Cultural Empowerment, Zhao Mei

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Hunan sports culture boasts a profound heritage, encompassing traditional sports intangible cultural heritage, folk competitions, and festive customs. However, traditional preservation methods face digital challenges, such as monotonous display formats, insufficient interactivity, and limited dissemination channels. With the advancement of China's cultural digitization strategy, digital technologies have provided new pathways for the preservation, innovation, and dissemination of sports cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the Hunan region still requires systematic exploration in areas like the integration of sports intangible cultural heritage resources, digital platform development, and international communication Method: The study employ a comprehensive methodology integrating literature analysis, case studies, and field research, …

A067: Improving Children's Community-Based Sports Coaching Service Quality: An Sor Model Analysis, Xiaozhe Yang, Chenglong Wang, Lei Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In recent years, children’s community-based sports coaching has experienced rapid growth due to its convenience, safety, and tailored approach. However, parents’ trust in the quality of coaching services significantly impacts development. This study, grounded in the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model, examines how service quality (stimulus) influences parental trust (organism) and their intention to utilize such services (response) from the perspective of parental trust. It analyzes existing service issues and proposes measures to enhance service quality, offering practical guidance for institutions and coaches. Method: This study combined the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. First, questionnaires were distributed to 300 parents to …

A250: Children's Volleyball For Health And Transition From Kindergarten To Primary School Under New Curriculum Standards, Qiming Zhu, Yuang Wang, Fang Yuan, Qingyi Wu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In early childhood sports education, health promotion, and the seamless connection between early childhood and primary school sports are critical issues. Early childhood represents a pivotal stage for children's physical development, during which volleyball can significantly enhance teamwork, coordination, and overall fitness. Despite growing research interest in this area, significant gaps remain in leveraging early childhood volleyball as a tool for promoting health and ensuring a smooth transition from early childhood to primary school sports. Documentation Research Method: Review literature for research status and theoretical support. Questionnaire Survey Method: Survey teachers, parents, and children on early childhood volleyball and transition …

A305: The International Communication Path Of Table Tennis Sports Presentation, Mingchen Xu, Xiyu Zhao

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Table tennis carries a unique mission of cross-cultural communication. In 1971, the "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" with the strategic wisdom of "a small ball turning a big ball" set a classic model for sports public diplomacy. As a carrier of national cultural symbols, the international communication of table tennis should rely on major events to tell the table tennis story to achieve presentation and Presentation. As a key for event communication, in table tennis events, is driven by the synergy of three-dimensional elements: "competitive core + technological extension + commercial drive". Specifically, through the organic combination of visual and auditory elements and …

A080: Research On Intelligent Practical Path Of Extracurricular Sports Models In The Context Of Ai Empowerment, Ye Wu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

This study aims to explore and optimize the "teaching, practicing, and competing" sports teaching model by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology. It focuses on building a new intelligent ecosystem for sports education, emphasizing the connection between "teaching," the bridging role of "practicing," and the efficiency of "regular competition" to enhance students' sports skills and literacy. Through AI, the study enables personalized teaching content, intelligent practice feedback, and automated competition management. This approach provides innovative ideas and theoretical support for school physical education, promotes the deep integration of "learning, practicing, and competing," and strengthens school sports education in the new era. …

A131: Swot And Strategic Of Event Operation Under The Background Of Electronic Sports Entering The Olympics, Shenghe Yang, Changhao Liu, Hongyu Chen, Feitao Xu

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The inclusion of esports in the Olympics presents new opportunities and challenges for event operations. While enhancing industry recognition and attracting policy support and capital investment, it also faces issues with traditional sports concepts and insufficient standardization of event rules. This study focuses on a SWOT analysis of esports event operations to identify competitive advantages and potential risks, aiming to provide strategic insights for sustainable development. This study employs the SWOT analysis model, integrating literature analysis, case studies, and data statistics to evaluate the internal and external environments of esports event operations. Data sources include industry reports, typical event cases …

A133: Self-Aggrandizing In Badminton Teaching Short Videos Affects Learning Willingness, Mingxiang Yi, Yuanjing Huang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Based on the new era of digital sports development, self-media platforms have become an important carrier of sports teaching communication; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between self-aggrandizing behavior during sports teaching on self-media platforms and platform users' learning intention. In this study, we take Jittery self-media platform as an example to explore the chain path that creators' boasting behavior (H1) positively affects users' learning intention (H2) by enhancing users' trust (H3), and to verify the mediating effect of trust in the relationship between boasting behavior and learning intention, as well as the two-way influence between badminton short video …

A211: Ai-Driven Strategic Frameworks For Sport Event Propagation Under Media Affordance Theory, Wenqian Yao, Jingwang Zhang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The advancement of intelligent technology has transformed interaction models across communication ecosystems, encompassing production, dissemination, and consumption. Exemplified by the Paris Olympics’ 180+ intelligent communication domains, “AI + Sports” has emerged as an industry paradigm. This study employs media affordance theory to analyze AI’s transformative role in sports communication and associated ethical challenges, offering insights for cultivating a robust digital sports ecosystem. Method: This study investigates the application pathways of artificial intelligence in 20 major sports events held between 2000 and 2024. Data on application frequency, audience feedback, and other relevant metrics w collected to analyze the impact patterns of …

A228: Preservation And Dissemination Of Taijiquan Culture In Digital Perspective, Songqi Wang, Bin Yan

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

One of China’s most iconic cultural traditions has increasingly gained: Taijiquned global recognition: Taijiquned. However, rapid digitalization has significantly changed young people's cultural preferences and participation habits, posing challenges to traditional methods of cultural preservation, which often fail to resonate with youth, creating a noticeable disconnect. This study examines the potential of digital communication—especially short videos, livestreaming, and social media—to preserve and disseminate Taijiquan culture through interactive, youth-oriented methods. Specifically, it empirically explores whether digital media strategies effectively improve younger generations’ cultural awareness, participation motivation, and cultural identity, aiming to provide practical insights for digital heritage protection. A randomized controlled …

Unseen But Felt: Exploring The Emotional And Developmental Impacts Of Father Absence On The Lives Of African American Daughters, Michelle Laniece Mayberry

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of African American daughters who grew up with absent fathers, examining how this experience influenced development, relationships, identity formation, and resilience. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, six central themes emerged: (1) father-daughter relationship, (2) emotional and psychological impact, (3) identity and development, (4) social and relational outcomes, (5) decision-making and achievement, and (6) resilience and adaptation. Each theme was interpreted through the lens of attachment and social learning theories with a biblical worldview. The findings revealed that father absence often left emotional and developmental wounds in the lives of the participants. The …

Factors Influencing Sugary Drink Consumption Among Residential Students At Liberty University, Chinonso Felistas Eziechi

Masters Theses

Introduction/Background: Sugary drink consumption among college students remains a public health concern due to its association with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Despite high awareness of health risks, consumption among emerging adults remains elevated. Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, this study examined the psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental determinants of sugary drink consumption among residential students at Liberty University. Objective: To identify key predictors of sugary drink consumption and evaluate how expectations, self-regulation, and environmental factors shape beverage behaviors. Design, Setting, Participants: This cross-sectional study used an anonymous Qualtrics survey distributed on campus. Of approximately 745 eligible residential students, 473 …

The Impact Of Awareness Of Campus Health Services On Utilization Of Medical Care Among Residential Students At Liberty University, Catherine Pandagade

Masters Theses

College students represent the most prominent group of individuals when considering their lifestyles throughout aging. Therefore, this age group serves as a good opportunity for health education that could build positive health behaviors for life. Existing literature have said that the 18-25 year olds tend to have fewer resources and be often uninsured and have the highest rates of preventable diseases.2 Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of awareness and its subsequent effect on utilization of available health resources on campus among the student population of Liberty University. Additionally, the purpose of the research through …

Genomics Reveal Staphylococcus Aureus Persists During Long-Term Urinary Catheterization Despite Antimicrobial Therapy And Catheter Exchanges, Jesus M Duran Ramirez, Chelsie E Armbruster, Blake M Hanson, Jennifer N Walker

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Urinary catheters, the most frequently placed medical devices in the US, increase the risk of developing symptomatic catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) - the presence of bacteria in the urine - with those requiring long-term urinary catheters (LTUCs) at highest risk. While ASB and CAUTI are caused by a broad range of uropathogens, most remain understudied. We use whole-genome sequencing to investigate the understudied uropathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of 153 longitudinal S. aureus isolates previously collected from urinary catheter or urine samples from 20 individuals with LTUCs (average of 8 longitudinal isolates/person) demonstrates that most strains …

Employing Ai Tools To Predict Features For Dental Care Use In The United States During The Global Respiratory Illness Outbreak, Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar, Hamid-Reza Kodan-Ghadr, Vijayakumar Thirumalai, Suad Ghaddar, Shuo Jim Huang, Beth Harkness, Eben Rey, Romanch Shah, Sairaja Reddy Kurelli, Jay S. Patel

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Policy, Misinformation, And Mortality: The Effects Of Abortion Restrictions On Maternal Outcomes, Gabrielle Samiratedu Dmsc, Mcms, Pa-C

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

The objective of this review is to evaluate the effects of restrictive abortion laws on maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States. Even before the landmark reversal of Roe v. Wade, the US had one of the highest maternal mortality rates among other high-income countries, and rates are expected to continue to rise in states with restrictive abortion policies. Electronic databases and public health data were analyzed to assess clinical outcomes, access to care, and disparities associated with abortion restrictions nationally and internationally. The findings suggest that states with highly restrictive abortion policies experience higher rates of maternal morbidity …

Cancer Literacy And Social Determinants Of Health: An Epidemiological Analysis Of Trust, Digital Engagement, And Healthcare Utilization In Cancer Information Seeking, Kimberly Leeann Hazel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The rise of online health information has increased access to cancer resources but also amplified misinformation, creating trust gaps that threaten prevention, treatment, and health equity. This study examined how trust in cancer information sources, online information-seeking, and healthcare perceptions relate among U.S. adults. Guided by the health information seeking behavior, the socioecological model, and the structural influence model of health communication, data from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (N = 6,197) were analyzed with logistic regression, mediation, and moderation modeling, controlling for demographics. Trust in government agencies predicted greater cancer information seeking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, …

Factors Affecting The Level Of Grief Experienced By Men Whose Female Partner Died In The United States, Keona C. Lee

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Grief is an emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one through death. Although grief is a universal human experience, its perspective is unique, and research has often ignored the varied experiences of racial/ethnic and cultural groups, particularly men of color in the United States. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure the level of grief experienced by men whose female partner died and to determine whether ethnicity, having a prior mental health diagnosis, social support, and traumatic or anticipated loss significantly impacted their level of grief. The study was guided by the social-ecological model to explain …

Circumciser Type And The Type Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Prevalence For Girls Ages 0-14 Years In Ethiopia, Jean-Pierre Ramazani Abedi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite ongoing eradication efforts, female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) remains a major public health and human rights concern in Ethiopia. This quantitative study was conducted to examine how circumciser type (traditional cutter, birth attendant, or health professional) influences FGM/C prevalence and severity among girls ages 0–14, considering the moderating effects of residence and mothers’ FGM status, while controlling for age and income. Guided by the social ecological model and using 2016 E Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys data, analysis indicates a significant association between circumciser type and FGM/C type (χ² (2, N = 1,553) = 6.86, p = .032), which …

Trends In The Implementation Of The Cyberchondria Severity Scale: Bibliometric Analysis, Adam C Powell, Cayetana Calderon-Smith

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Cyberchondria, a combination of the words "cyber" and "hypochondriasis," is a condition that is receiving increasing attention from clinicians and researchers globally. Researchers are currently using multiple instruments to quantify it. Furthermore, the instruments have been translated into multiple languages.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the extent to which researchers are measuring cyberchondria using the 33-item Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) and its 12-item abbreviated version, the CSS-12. It also examined the relative use of cyberchondria instruments in different languages.

METHODS: PubMed and PsycInfo were searched for articles published between May 1, 2019, and December 31, 2024, featuring the …

Anti-Csf-1r Therapy With Combined Immuno-Chemotherapy Coordinate An Adaptive Immune Response To Eliminate Macrophage Enriched Triple Negative Breast Cancers, Diego A Pedroza, Xueying Yuan, Fengshuo Liu, Hilda L Chan, Christina Zhang, William Bowie, Alex J Smith, Sebastian J Calderon, Nadia Lieu, Weiguo Wu, Paul Porter, Poonam Sarkar, Na Zhao, Constanze V Oehler, Ondrej Peller, M Waleed Gaber, Qian Zhu, Charles M Perou, Xiang H-F Zhang, Jeffrey M Rosen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Women diagnosed with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have limited treatment options, are more prone to develop resistance and are associated with high mortality. A cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characterized by low T cells and high tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in mTNBC is associated with the failure of standard-of-care chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. We demonstrate that the combination of immunomodulatory low-dose Cyclophosphamide (CTX) coupled with anti-CSF-1R antibody targeted therapy (SNDX-ms6352) and anti-PD-1 (ICB), was highly effective against aggressive metastatic Trp53 null TNBC transplantable syngeneic models that present with high macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, CSF-1R inhibition along …