Digital Commons Network^™

An Assessment Of The Alternative Rites Approach For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Mutilation In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Jennifer Liku

Reproductive Health

Maendeleo Ya Wanawake (MYWO), with technical assistance from the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), has been implementing an Alternative Rite of passage programme as part of its efforts to eradicate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in five districts in Kenya. This study addressed the factors that influence some families and individuals to adopt the Alternative Rite while others, exposed to the same messages discouraging FGM, decide not to. It also evaluated the effect of the training component of the Alternative Rite on the girls who participated.

Strengthening Social Science Research On Women's Health: Lessons Learned From A Capacity Building Programme, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 led to an upsurge in interest in implementing reproductive health (RH) programs worldwide. The urgency to act has led to the development of disparate activities in several developing countries including India. While programs have been growing in numbers, their quality is in question. A fundamental problem has been lack of capacity at all levels of the health service system to respond to the paradigm shift articulated by the advocates of the reproductive health and rights agenda. To redesign programs, considerable research must be undertaken to understand the health needs and sociocultural …

Special Studies Program Of The Pilot Health Project: West Bank And Gaza, Mahmoud Shaheen, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

The Special Studies Program was implemented as part of the Pilot Health Project in the West Bank and Gaza to provide small grants to Palestinian researchers, research organizations, and advanced graduate students to conduct research that examines critical reproductive health topics related to maternal and child health care, including family planning. The research implemented under the Special Studies Program covered a range of topics including male involvement in reproductive health, clients' satisfaction with family planning programs, the relationship between early marriage and the delivery of premature infants, factors affecting compliance for iron supplementation, and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The research …

Diverse Realities: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv In India, Sarah Hawkes, K.G. Santhya

Reproductive Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, currently have high salience on the health care agendas of many countries, including India. Strategies for their control are ideally based on a number of well-recognised principles. These include: assessments of the burden of disease; the availability of interventions at policy and programme levels, to influence behaviour change and technical ‘solutions’; and the calculated cost-effectiveness of these interventions. In the case of India, data to inform these principles are often lacking in the case of STI control. In this paper we have reviewed the evidence base for STI control in the Indian context. The …

The Globalization Of Public Health: The First 100 Years Of International Health Diplomacy, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Global threats to public health in the 19th century sparked the development of international health diplomacy. Many international regimes on public health issues were created between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The present article analyses the global risks in this field and the international legal responses to them between 1851 and 1951, and explores the lessons from the first century of international health diplomacy of relevance to contemporary efforts to deal with the globalization of public health.

Book Review. Gostin On Public Health Law, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Substitution De Solvants : Étude De Cas D'Implantation, Denis Bégin, Michel Gérin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Introduction

Les solvants sont parmi les substances dangereuses les plus utilisées en milieu de travail. La substitution permet d’éliminer un solvant toxique ou inflammable en le remplaçant par un produit moins dangereux ou en changeant de procédé. Pour implanter la substitution en entreprise il faut également tenir compte des dimensions environnementales, de coût et de faisabilité technique ainsi que des facteurs humains et organisationnels. Le présent travail visait à étudier la démarche d’implantation de la substitution par des études de cas concrets dans des entreprises québécoises.

Méthode

Une démarche en neuf étapes inspirée de travaux précédents a été appliquée aux …

The Effect Of A Jail-Based Substance-Abuse Program On Anxiety, Depression, And Locus Of Control, Peggy Leigh Frick

Dissertations

Problem. More and more alcohol and drug users are coming into contact with the criminal justice system. Some of these individuals may have comorbid mental health issues. This present study sought to determine whether the New Avenues Substance Abuse Treatment Program, housed at the Correctional Work Center, Davidson County, Tennessee, did, in the course of treatment, have an impact on the anxiety, depression, and locus of control of those individuals completing the program.

Method. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Rotter Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement Scale were utilized to measure depression, anxiety, and locus …

Engaging Parents In The Drug Education Of Their Pre-Adolescent Children : Practical Problems And A Promising Program, Shelley E. Beatty, Donna S. Cross

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Young Men's Attitudes Toward Sexual Health Practices, Felicity C. Wright

Theses : Honours

The present study examined whether cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions) and behavioural processes predicted young men's attitudes toward sexual health practices. For pragmatic reasons, most sexual health interventions are based on the provision of factual information, meaning most evaluations of these interventions have focused on the cognitive sources which may lead to behavioural change. However, the importance of emotional and behavioural influences has also been indicated, though rarely considered. The present study hoped to clarify this issue using Zanna and Rempel's (1988) model of attitude formation. The study also provided some methodological extensions to the attitude literature. It examined the use …

History, Culture And Alcohol: Drinking Patterns In Poland And Australia, Barbara Wolska

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

It is a widely held view in Poland that for centuries those in power have promoted heavy drinking among their subjects in order to achieve their various goals and that this contributed to the development of Polish drinking patterns. There is some empirical evidence that the political economy of alcohol in Poland promoted heavy drinking among the Polish population. Drinking alcohol in Poland was an important aspect of social situations. The most popular beverage was vodka(s). Social pressure to drink in the extreme was attributed to the tradition of hospitality. Cultural norms encouraged very heavy drinking among men and imposed …

A Pilot Study Of An Employee Developed Observational Tool As A Valid And Reliable Measure Of Organisational Safety, Matthew Wallace

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Given the increasing high social and economic costs of occupational injury and illness to the Australian community, identification of initiatives to reduce the burden is urgently required. Paramount to reversing this trend is the need to identify and address the causes of the injury and illness. Employee involvement in occupational health and safety has for some time been espoused as an essential element in any occupational health and safety program, but its relationship with safety performance still remains unexplored. Although various theories suggest that the involvement of employees will increase their sense of ownership, there is little research to suggest …

A Low-Cost Intervention For Cleaner Drinking Water In Karachi, Pakistan, S Luby, M Agboatwalla, A Raza, J Sobel, E Mintz, K Baier, M Rahbar, S Qureshi, Rumina Hassan, F Ghouri

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To pilot test an inexpensive, home-based water decontamination and storage system in a low-income neighborhood of Karachi.Methods: Fifty households received a 20-L plastic water storage vessel with a high-quality spout and a regular supply of diluted hypochlorite solution. Twenty-five control households were recruited. Water samples were collected at baseline and during unannounced follow-up visits 1, 3, 6, and 10 weeks later.Results: Baseline drinking water samples among intervention households were contaminated with a mean 9397 colony-forming units (cfu)/100 mL of thermotolerant coliforms compared with a mean 10,990 cfu/100 mL from controls. After intervention the mean concentration of thermotolerant coliforms decreased …

Depressed Men Angry Women: Non-Stereotypical Gender Responses To Anti-Smoking Messages In Older Smokers, Debora Brown

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This qualitative study into the effective use of fear arousal in social marketing advertising, focused on exploring gender differences in smokers' attitudes towards threats in anti-smoking messages in the 40 to 50 year old age group. This age group of smokers has received relatively little attention in the fear arousal literature to date, presumably because their 'hard core' attitudes are perceived as difficult to change by social marketing and medical practitioners. The key purpose of this study was to explore the attitudinal responses of male and female smokers in the 40 to 50 year old age group to anti-smoking messages …

European Madness And Mad Cow Disease, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some of the psychological factors that might attenuate unadaptive anxieties about the threat of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, mad cow disease.

Justice In Health Care Access Measuring Attitudes Of Health Care Professionals, Sandra Blanton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

To measure attitudes toward justice in access to health care services in managed care plans in a convenience sample of medical professionals at Clark Memorial Hospital in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Methods. A sixteen item, self-administered instrument based on Morreim's four concepts of justice in health care access was administered to 147 health care professionals, representing physicians, allied health, and hospital administration. SPSS was used to analyze the results. Results. The attitudes of the respondents were negative toward managed care. They did not feel that managed care had been a positive development in the United States or that managed care had improved …

Investigation De La Stabilité Chimique Et Son Impact Sur La Qualité Des Remblais Miniers Cimentés : Résumé, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Tikou Belem, Darcy Jolette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Investigation De La Stabilité Chimique Et Son Impact Sur La Qualité Des Remblais Miniers Cimentés, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Tikou Belem, Darcy Jolette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Toward Improved Support For Research On Delivery Of Home- And Community-Based Long-Term Care, Francis G. Caro

Gerontology Institute Publications

Stronger and more consistent support is needed for research on long-term care. A greater investment in research will strengthen the ability of public and private organizations to provide effective and efficient assistance to people with disabilities and their informal caregivers. This paper provides a rationale for stronger research funding for the field and outlines several options to strengthen research.

Proteolytic Enzymes In The Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica: Post-Secretional Activation And Effects Of Environmental Conditions, Monica Hoffman, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Production and activities of cellular and extracellular proteolytic enzymes associated with the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica were examined in response to physiological state and changing environmental variables under laboratory conditions. Enzymes evidenced by zymography were metalloproteases, as defined by substrate preference and susceptibility to inhibitors (EDTA and 1, 10-phenanthroline). Distinct bands (i.e. molecular-weight [MW] size classes) of enzymes were isolated from within cellular and extracellular compartments. Susceptibility of extracellular enzymes to environmental stressors was related, in part, to the MW size classes of the enzymes. While all bands of enzymes showed some degree of inhibition when pH was decreased, the …

Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel H. Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron J. Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1–2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health …

Conditions Optimales D'Utilisation Des Nettoyants À Plancher : Une Approche Globale, André Massicotte, Sophie Boudrias, François Quirion

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Rubella Vaccine And Medical Policymaking: Fetal Rights And Women's Health, Jacob Heller

New England Journal of Public Policy

U.S. vaccine policies, to all appearances, are based on assumptions about cost effectiveness, safety, and public health needs. Analysis of the peer review health professions’ discourse about rubella vaccine between 1941 and 1999 challenges this view. There were four justifications for the development of the vaccine: (1) cost-benefit projections about vaccine use versus anticipated birth defects; (2) the desire to prevent “fetal wastage” by vaccinating women; (3) a professional imperative to ensure healthy babies; and (4) a bias among vocal vaccine advocates against “unnecessary” abortion. The role of a fifth consideration, the “cultural provenance” of vaccines for American medicine, though …

Medicare+Choice: Where To From Here?, Nora Super

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief examines Medicare+Choice (M+C) plan participation, benefit coverage, and enrollment and the factors that have contributed to plans' decisions to participate in or withdraw from certain markets. In addition, the issue brief explores what has been happening to M+C enrollees in terms of costs, benefits, and continuity of care. Lastly, the issue brief examines the reasons that alternative plan options — such as preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and provider-sponsored organizations (PSOs) — have not taken hold. Legislative proposals that might affect the future of M+C are also discussed.

The Asthma Epidemic: Prospects For Controlling An Escalating Public Health Crisis, Richard Hegner

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper examines the dimensions of the recent asthma epidemic and what could be done to contain it. Information about the prevalence and consequences of asthma across demographic groups is presented. Factors that impede the control of asthma are also identified. The paper also examines the possible causes of asthma and the asthma epidemic as well as new theories about the relationship of asthma to overall advances in health care and economic development. It also discusses the economic implications of asthma and possible cost avoidances linked to better asthma management. The paper concludes with discussions of asthma and public …

Évaluation De L'Exposition Des Éboueurs Aux Bioaérosols, Jacques Lavoie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

L'Expectoration Induite Comme Méthode Non Invasive Permettant D'Augmenter La Sensibilité Du Diagnostic D'Asthme Professionnel En Laboratoire Hospitalier, Catherine Lemière

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Rapport Sur La Conception De Signaux Sonores Et Sur La Mesure Inductive De La Capacité De Localisation Auditive Des Avertisseurs Sonores De Danger En Milieux Industriels, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Hung Tran Quoc, Stéphane Denis, Maude Leblanc

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Mise Au Point Des Méthodes D'Essai Pour Évaluer La Résistance À La Perforation Et À La Coupure Des Chaussures De Protection Utilisées Pour La Lutte Contre Les Incendies, Jaime Lara, Denis Turcot, Renaud Daigle, Serge Massé

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Conditions Optimales D'Utilisation Des Nettoyants À Plancher : Huile À Moteur Et Hydraulique Sur Le Béton, François Quirion, Philippe L'Homme

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.