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Improving Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Reproductive Health In Rural Romania, Elaine Claire Himelfarb

Reproductive Health

To support new health reform initiatives undertaken by the Romanian Ministry of Health and Family, and in support of the USAID Romania strategy for improving women’s reproductive health, Project Concern International/Romania (PCI/R) was awarded a two-year grant to implement a reproductive healthcare project, Healthy Parents-Healthy Children (HP-HC). This project trained family physicians and nurses in rural dispensaries in techniques to improve pre- and postnatal care, including training on modern contraception, cervical and breast cancer screening, treating menopause and its symptoms, and the encouragement of healthy lifestyles. The goal of this OR project was to test the efficacy of interventions to …

Involving Men In Maternity Care: South Africa, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Simphiwe Zondi, Nobuhle Mthembu, Saiqa Mullick, Emma Ottolenghi, Immo Kleinschmidt, Susan E. Adamchak, Barbara Janowitz, Carmen Cuthbertson

Reproductive Health

The Reproductive Health Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, in partnership with the FRONTIERS Program of the Population Council, and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health conducted a three-year operations research study titled “Men in Maternity” in the Ethekwini district. The intervention was clinic-based and included two broad strategies: improving antenatal care services by strengthening the existing antenatal package and service monitoring and supervision; and introducing couple counseling by providing training to health providers, inviting partners of antenatal women to attend counseling twice during pregnancy and once post delivery, and providing information to couples with a new antenatal booklet. …

Tulane University Final Report, M. Celeste Marin, Anastasia J. Gage, Suhaila Khan

Reproductive Health

The Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program is a 10-year cooperative agreement between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Population Council in partnership with Family Health International and Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. This report summarizes the main activities undertaken by Tulane University under its subagreement with the Population Council on the FRONTIERS project from 1998–2004. As a partner, Tulane furthered progress toward all three of the program’s intermediate results: contributing innovative interventions tested to improve reproductive health through the small grants program; helping research staff take a more proactive approach to …

Etude Expérimentale Sur L'Offre De Services À Base Communautaire De Santé De La Reproduction Au Sénégal: Une Étude De Cas Dans Le District Sanitaire De Kébémer, Diouratie Sanogo, Mady Cisse, Adama Ndoye, Laty G. Ndoye, Ousmane Faye, Balla Mbacke Mboup

Reproductive Health

La Division de la Santé de la Reproduction (DSR) du Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale du Sénégal, en partenariat avec le programme FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health du Population Council et le Management Sciences for Health, a mené une étude visant à déterminer l'acceptabilité et la faisabilité des modèles de services à base communautaire expérimentés du point de vue de leur acceptabilité, de leur faisabilité, de leur efficacité, de leur performance, et de leur coût et rentabilité. L'objectif général de cette étude était de contribuer à l'élaboration d'un programme intégré rentable visant à accroître l'accessibilité et la disponibilité …

Testing The Effectiveness Of Integrating Community-Based Approaches For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Cutting Into Care's Reproductive Health Programs In Ethiopia And Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Susan Igras, Jacinta Muteshi-Strachan

Reproductive Health

CARE International, with technical support from the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program completed a study in Ethiopia and Kenya designed to test the effectiveness of education activities using behavior change communication (BCC) approaches and advocacy activities by religious and other key leaders to abandon female genital cutting (FGC). In Ethiopia, the increased knowledge of harmful FGC effects and human rights issues translated to a positive attitude in support of FGC abandonment and an intention not to cut their daughters in the future. In Kenya, the analysis indicated mixed results in attitude and intended behavior change.

Experience From A Community-Based Education Program In Burkina Faso: The Tostan Program, Djingri Ouoba, Zakari Congo, Nafissatou J. Diop, Molly Melching, Baya Banza, Georges Guiella, Inge Baumgarten

Reproductive Health

This study describes a project that tested the feasibility and effectiveness of replicating the village empowerment program (VEP) developed by the Senegalese NGO, TOSTAN, in Burkina Faso. Although originally developed for empowering women, the program implemented in Burkina Faso also involved men because of their key role in such decisions. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, with funding from USAID and the GTZ Supra Regional Project for the Elimination of FGC, supported the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of the VEP model in 23 villages in the province of Bazega/Zoundwéogo. In the existing social climate among the Burkinabé, where there is widespread awareness …

The Tostan Program: Evaluation Of A Community Based Education Program In Senegal, Nafissatou J. Diop, Modou Mbacke Faye, Amadou Moreau, Jacqueline Cabral, Helene Benga, Fatou Cisse, Babacar Mane, Inge Baumgarten, Molly Melching

Reproductive Health

This operations research project evaluated the effect and impact of a basic education program, developed by TOSTAN, a nongovernmental organization based at Thiès, Senegal. The basic education program consisted of four modules: hygiene, problem-solving, women’s health, and human rights. Through these four themes, emphasis was placed on enabling the participants, who were mostly women, to analyze their own situation more effectively and thus find the best solutions for themselves. The GTZ Supra Regional Project for the Elimination of Female Genital Cutting funded implementation of the program in 90 villages in Kolda Region, and the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health …

Medicalization Of Female Genital Cutting Among The Abagusii In Nyanza Province, Kenya, Carolyne Njue, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

This study sought to understand the role that health providers play in the medicalization of female genital cutting (FGC) among the Abagusii community in western Kenya, among whom the practice continues to be almost universal. Interviews with service providers and their clients revealed an overwhelming belief that FGC fulfills a traditional cultural obligation among the Abagusii, and that it limits a woman’s sexual desire and confers respect on girls. New approaches are needed within this community to present FGC as violating human rights and national laws, as well as threatening girls’ and women’s health. The study recommends measures such as …

Female Circumcision In Indonesia. Extent, Implications And Possible Interventions To Uphold Women's Health Rights, Meiwita P. Budiharsana, Lila Amaliah, Budi Utomo

Reproductive Health

In Indonesia, the practice of female circumcision (FC) has long existed, but information concerning where and how it is carried out has been limited. The specific aims of the study conducted by the Population Council Jakarta were to provide research-based information on FC customary practices and their socio-cultural determinants, and if possible, to assess any long-term physical and psychological consequences. Study findings indicate that in general Muslim communities support the continuation of FC practice, because they perceive it as both a societal custom and a religious duty. The report strongly recommends that key donor agencies pressure the Ministry of Health …

Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project, Western Province: Final Report, Charlotte E. Warren, Wilson Liambila

Reproductive Health

Since March 2000, the Population Council and the University of Nairobi have been assisting the Kenya Ministry of Health to implement Safe Motherhood activities in Western Kenya. The purpose of this project was to increase utilization of quality maternal services in the selected districts and, in an effort to improve pregnancy outcomes, focused on improving quality of antenatal care, essential obstetric care, clean and safe delivery, postpartum care, postabortion care, and management issues at all levels. In addition, the project focused on strengthening referral practices and addressing factors responsible for delays by pregnant women in making decisions on when, where, …

Surveillance For Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks Associated With Recreational Water--United States, 2001-2002, Jonathan S. Yoder, Brian G. Blackburn, Gunther F. Craun, Vincent Hill, Deborah A. Levy, Nora Chen, Sherline H. Lee, Rebecca L. Calderon, Michael J. Beach

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Since 1971, CDC, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data related to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (WBDOs) related to drinking water; tabulation of recreational water-associated outbreaks was added to the surveillance system in 1978. This surveillance system is the primary source of data concerning the scope and effects of waterborne disease outbreaks on persons in the United States.

REPORTING PERIOD COVERED: This summary includes data on WBDOs associated with recreational water that occurred during January 2001-December 2002 and on …

Étude Des Facteurs Environnementaux Et Physiologiques Contribuant À La Variabilité Biologique : Caractérisation De La Relation « Exposition - Indicateur Biologique D'Exposition » Pour Le N-Hexane, Geneviève Hamelin, Robert Tardif, Ginette Truchon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Jusqu'à tout récemment, l'American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommandait d'utiliser la mesure de la 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) totale (2,5-HD libre + autres conjugués glucuronides) comme indicateur biologique de l'exposition (IBE) au n-hexane (n-HEX). En 2001, l’ACGIH a cependant proposé de recourir plutôt à la mesure de la 2,5-HD libre uniquement et la valeur du nouvel indicateur serait de 3.5 µmol/L. Le choix de cette mesure se justifie puisque la 2,5-HD libre est le métabolite responsable des effets neurotoxiques associés à l'exposition au n-HEX. De plus, la mesure de la 2,5-HD libre permet une meilleure discrimination entre individus exposés et …

Étude Pluridisciplinaire Visant À Mettre Au Point Un Outil Expert Pour La Prédiction Du Comportement Des Remblais En Pâte, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Mamadou Fall, Serge Ouellet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce rapport synthèse traite du développement d’un outil expert d’aide à la prédiction et à l’optimisation des propriétés des remblais miniers cimentés en pâte. Il représente une synthèse des principaux résultats d’un projet financé par l’IRSST et qui s’intitule : « Étude pluridisciplinaire visant à mettre au point un outil expert pour la prédiction du comportement des remblais miniers en pâte ». En effet, vu la complexité du matériau « remblai en pâte » et les problèmes de sécurité potentiellement inhérents à ce dernier dans les chantiers miniers, il n’existe aujourd’hui aucune méthode réellement satisfaisante pour guider la conception des …

Évaluation De La Contrainte Au Dos En Milieu De Travail : Développement Préliminaire D'Une Méthode Visant À Déterminer La Cinématique Tridimentionnelle Du Corps Humain À L'Aide D'Un Minimum De Caméras Vidéo, Alain Delisle, André Plamondon, Pierre Desjardins, Salazar Erik, Denis Gagnon, Christian Larivière

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le besoin de mesurer quantitativement le chargement mécanique qui contribuerait aux affections vertébrales en milieu de travail est un prérequis essentiel à l’évaluation des risques de lésions. Parmi les outils disponibles utiles à mesurer ces charges, on retrouve la vidéo qui permet de reconstruire des marqueurs sur des sujets à partir de plusieurs caméras, ce qui est rarement possible en milieu de travail. Pour rendre cette technique plus attrayante, il faut faciliter le mode d’acquisition tridimensionnelle (3D) en réduisant le nombre de caméras à une seule. L'objectif principal du présent projet était donc d’explorer la faisabilité de n’utiliser qu’une seule …

The Effect Of Stack Height, Stack Location And Rooftop Structures On Air Intake Contamination: A Laboratory And Full-Scale Study, Ted Stathopoulos, Louis Lazure, Patrick Saathoff, Amit Gupta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

La dispersion des émissions d'une cheminée située sur le toit d'un bâtiment de faible élévation en milieu urbain a été étudiée sur le terrain et en soufflerie. Les principaux buts de l'étude étaient lessuivants :

1. évaluer l'influence de divers paramètres sur la concentration du panache aux emplacements types de prises d'air neuf ; parmi ces paramètres figurent la hauteur de la cheminée, le facteur d'impulsion, la turbulence, etc. ;
2. évaluer les modèles de dilution récemment adoptés par l'American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),
3. évaluer le degré de précision …

Influence De La Hauteur Et De L’Emplacement Des Cheminées Et Des Édicules Sur La Contamination Des Prises D’Air Neuf : Étude En Laboratoire Et In Situ, Ted Stathopoulos, Louis Lazure, Patrick Saathoff, Amit Gupta

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Click here for the English version of this report

La dispersion des émissions d'une cheminée située sur le toit d'un bâtiment de faible élévation en milieu urbain a été étudiée sur le terrain et en soufflerie. Les principaux buts de l'étude étaient lessuivants :

1. évaluer l'influence de divers paramètres sur la concentration du panache aux emplacements types de prises d'air neuf ; parmi ces paramètres figurent la hauteur de la cheminée, le facteur d'impulsion, la turbulence, etc. ;
2. évaluer les modèles de dilution récemment adoptés par l'American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE),
3. évaluer le degré de précision …

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Coûts D'Un Programme De Protection Respiratoire, Guy Perrault, Marc Baril, Pierre Lefebvre

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Fonderies, Nicole Goyer, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Claudia Lucia Lobo Gutierrez, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde, Nicole Goyer, Guy Perrault, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Gaétan Carrier, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel

Rapports de recherche scientifique

INTRODUCTION

Le comité paritaire 3.33.1 de la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail du Québec (CSST), chargé de la révision de l’Annexe 1 du Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail a demandé à l’IRSST d’évaluer les impacts sanitaires et socio-économiques d’un abaissement de la valeur d’exposition admissible du formaldéhyde. Globalement, la recherche visait à évaluer les impacts d’un abaissement de la valeur d’exposition admissible (VEA) actuelle, de type plafond située à 2 ppm, vers une VEA plafond ou moyenne pondérée sur 8 heures (VEMP) de 1,0, 0,75 ou 0,3 ppm. La poursuite de …

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De Finition Textile, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De La Fabrication De Meubles En Bois, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Jérôme Lavoué, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie De La Transformation De Matières Plastiques, Nicole Goyer, Charles Beaudry, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Rodrigue Gravel, François Hébert, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Industrie Des Services Funéraires, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Eddy Pellerin, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Impacts D'Un Abaissement De La Valeur D'Exposition Admissible Au Formaldéhyde : Laboratoires De Pathologie, Nicole Goyer, Denis Bégin, Michèle Bouchard, Sophie Buissonnet, Gaétan Carrier, Olivia Gely, Michel Gérin, Pierre Lefebvre, Nolwenn Noisel, Guy Perrault, Brigitte Roberge

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

This document is an annex to the report Impacts d'un abaissement de la valeur d'exposition admissible au formaldéhyde (R-386)

Toothbrushing, Flossing, And Preventive Dental Visits By Richmond-Area Residents In Relation To Demographic And Socioeconomic Factors, Kim T. Isringhausen

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence preventive dental behaviors and, from the results, target groups for intervention.Methods. Data were collected using the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) resulting in a probability sample of 399 dentate adults living in Richmond City, Henrico, Chesterfield and Hanover Counties in Virginia. All analyses were performed using the statistical software program STATA. Initial hypothesis testing was performed using univariate logistic regression models. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the significance of independent variables while controlling for other possible predictors of behavior.Results. Females were more likely than males …

Effect Of Repeated Dosing Of Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, The Major Psychoactive Ingredient Of Marijuana, On Memory In Mice, Floride Niyuhire

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. However, marijuana and cannabinoid derivatives have potential therapeutic uses. Studies in cannabis users have yielded contradictory results with regard to long-term effects on cognitive functions. There is no prospective study assessing this issue, and such studies may raise ethical issues in humans, whereas mice have been shown to exhibit similar cannabinoid-mediated behaviors as humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of chronic administration of Δ9-THC, the major psychoactive component of marijuana, in a mouse memory model. Methods: In Experiment 1, the dose-response relationship …

Targeting The Male In Teen Pregnancy Prevention, Terri Burgan

Theses and Dissertations

Study Objectives: To examine demographic characteristics and contraceptive habits of young men.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted utilizing data analyzed from three waves of the National Survey of the Adolescent Male (NSAM) administered in 1988, 1991, and 1995. The first wave consisted of 1,880, never-married, noninstitutionalized 15-19 year old men living in the United States. The second wave consisted of 1,676 re-interviewed respondents who were 17-22 years old. The third wave consisted of 1,377 re-interviewed respondents who were 22-27 years old. Descriptive statistics were used to compare personal and demographic characteristics across each year group. Odds ratios, and their corresponding …

Making Motherhood Safer In Egypt, Karima Khalil, Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi

Reproductive Health

Fewer Egyptian women die of maternal causes today than they did 10 or 15 years ago, due in large part to the national safe motherhood program. Nevertheless, maternal mortality is still relatively high, and the country faces challenges in reducing it further. Many of these challenges involve addressing the delays women face when they need essential obstetric care. In Egypt and other countries, most maternal deaths could be avoided if women had timely access to high-quality emergency obstetric services. Although Egypt’s level of maternal mortality is relatively high by international standards, recent evidence suggests that a woman’s lifetime risk of …

Male Sexuality And Masculinity: Implications For Stis/Hiv And Sexual Health Interventions In Bangladesh, Sharful I. Khan

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

My thesis concerns male sexuality as revealed by men living in contemporary urban and rural Bangladesh. I pursue what men think it means to be a man. dimensions of manliness and manhood, and male influences in the construction of male/female relationships. Significant meanings men attribute to sexual acts, pleasure, pain,. risk and safety in multiple social realities, particularly in the era of HIV/AIDS, were explored. A social constructionist perspective guided my research. Using qualitative research methods, I conducted 50 in-depth interviews with men aged between 18 and 58 years from diverse socio-occupational backgrounds. Twenty key informants included religious leaders. traditional …

Identifying And Enabling Core Management Competencies And Compliance Factors In High Reliability Organisations : A Study In Organisational Risk Management Psychology And Training: A Small N Modified Grounded Theory Qualitative Analysis, Patrick S. Maher

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

High reliability entities governed by statutory regulations are required to comply with safety guidelines and specifications. When fatalities or serious injuries occur in otherwise preventable accidents these entities are routinely exonerated from any responsibility by claiming to have ‘systemic management problems’ and their managing coalitions have been able to hide behind the ‘corporate veil’. This thesis maintains that the core managerial competencies needed to prevent preventable accidents, can be acquired through training, particularly if their mastery is mandated by a strong regulatory and compliance regime. The cases chosen for analysis revealed ten core managerial and organisational competencies and compliance as …