Digital Commons Network^™

Étude De Faisabilité En Vue D'Intégrer La Santé Et La Sécurité Du Travail Et L'Ergonomie À L'Approche Pva-Kaizen, Georges Toulouse, Iuliana Nastasia, Daniel Imbeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’étude présentée dans ce rapport se situe dans le cadre des recherches menées depuis plusieurs années à l’IRSST en vue d’améliorer les interventions ergonomiques pour prévenir les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS). Les recherches ont principalement porté sur le développement d’outils et l’analyse de la démarche d’ergonomie participative (St-Vincent et al., 2000). Cette démarche avait été reprise par la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CSST) avec un programme d’intervention LATR (Lésion attribuable au travail répétitif). Ce programme a été appliqué à partir de l’année 1997 jusqu’à l’an 2000 dans plus d’une centaine d’entreprises. Le bilan des études …

Évaluation En Temps Réel De Vapeurs De Formaldéhyde, Brigitte Roberge, Rodrigue Gravel

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Certains agresseurs chimiques, tels le formaldéhyde, ont une valeur d’exposition admissible (VEA) à ne pas dépasser (valeur plafond). Or, la méthode d’évaluation couramment utilisée en hygiène du travail nécessite un grand volume et une longue durée de prélèvement sur un milieu collecteur. Elle est mieux adaptée pour évaluer une exposition de longue durée qu’une valeur plafond. Dans une telle situation, l’utilisation d’instruments à lecture directe permet une évaluation instantanée en temps réel. Par contre, l’interprétation des lectures exige beaucoup de vigilance, car la présence concomitante d’autres substances peut induire des lectures erronées.

Les caractéristiques physiques de certains instruments à lecture …

Importance De L’Organisation Du Travail Comme Soutien Aux Stratégies Protectrices Des Afs Et Des Infirmières Des Services De Soins Et De Maintien À Domicile, Esther Cloutier, Hélène David, Élise Ledoux, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Catherine Teiger, Isabelle Gagnon, François Ouellet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Comme l’a montré une étude exploratoire en 1998, les emplois d’auxiliaires (AFS) et d’infirmières sont les deux emplois les plus nombreux en termes d’effectifs dans les CLSC au Québec et ils présentent des risques importants pour la santé et la sécurité (SST). Cette étude exploratoire avait montré que l’organisation du travail peut soutenir de manière plus ou moins efficace les travailleuses par différentes mesures. Le secteur de la santé est en croissance, la main-d’œuvre y est vieillissante; plusieurs recrues devront être engagées et conservées. Une nouvelle recherche a donc été réalisée afin d’étudier le rôle de l’organisation du travail des …

Étude De La Problématique Santé Et Sécurité Du Travail Des Opérateurs Du Métro Et Des Possibilités De Réaménagement Des Loges De Conduite, Marie Bellemare, Sylvie Beaugrand, Danièle Champoux, Christian Larue, Paul Massicotte, Maud Gonella

Rapports de recherche scientifique

À la suite d’une demande des partenaires sociaux d’une grande entreprise de transport public, préoccupés par les niveaux vibratoires auxquels sont exposés les opérateurs de métro et par le siège inadéquat installé dans l’espace restreint de la loge de conduite, deux études ont été menées en parallèle. La première étude¹, objet du présent rapport, est une recherche exploratoire en deux volets : le premier vise à mieux définir la problématique de santé et de sécurité des opérateurs du métro alors que le second se concentre sur les possibilités d’améliorer le poste de conduite des trains construits il y …

Développement D’Une Banque De Données De Facteurs De Friction De Ventilation Pour Les Mines Québécoises, Charles Gagnon, Kostas Fytas

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce rapport est une synthèse des résultats obtenus dans le cadre d’une campagne de cueillette de facteurs de friction « K » dans les mines métalliques souterraines québécoises. L’objectif principal de ce projet était la mise sur pied d’une banque de données détaillée des facteurs K calculés lors de cette campagne et d’y inclure l’ensemble des facteurs K qui ont été publiés dans le passé ailleurs dans le monde. De ce fait, 137 facteurs K ont été mesurés dans 10 mines métalliques du Québec : Beaufor (Val-Senneville), Bell-Allard (Matagami), Bouchard- Hébert (Rouyn-Noranda), Doyon, (Rouyn-Noranda), Laronde (Cadillac), Louvicourt (Louvicourt), Géant-Dormant (Amos), …

Réduction Du Bruit Dans Les Centres De La Petite Enfance Par La Réduction Du Temps De Réverbération : Analyses Et Études De Cas, André L'Espérance, Alex Boudreau, François Gariépy, Philippe Bacon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Click here for the English version of this report

Selon différentes études, les niveaux de bruit dans les locaux et les aires de jeu des Centres de la petite enfance (CPE) sont parfois élevés et peuvent avoir des répercussions sur la santé. La fatigue auditive et le stress sont les deux principaux effets négatifs. De plus, les niveaux de bruit élevés peuvent entraîner de l’irritabilité, un inconfort de communication, une réduction de l’intelligibilité de la parole et même un ralentissement de l’apprentissage verbal chez les enfants.

Plusieurs solutions ont déjà été identifiées et mises en place pour réduire le bruit …

Commerce De Détail. Phase Ii : Analyse Ergonomique Des Activités De Manutention Et De Service À La Clientèle Dans Des Magasins-Entrepôts De Grande Surface, Marie St-Vincent, Denys Denis, Roselyne Trudeau, Daniel Imbeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude constitue la suite d’une première recherche visant à mieux comprendre le travail et les risques qui en découlent de même que les avenues de solutions possibles dans les magasins-entrepôts de grande surface.

Des questionnaires visant à décrire les symptômes de stress et de TMS ont d’abord été adressés aux travailleurs (n=116) et aux directeurs (n=28) de six succursales d’une importante chaîne de magasins-entrepôts d’articles de bureau. La population de travailleurs présente les caractéristiques suivantes : 88 % sont des hommes, 64 % ont moins de 25 ans, 65 % sont à temps partiel et 50 % ont moins …

Women's Participation In Disaster Relief And Recovery, Ayse Yonder, Sengul Akcar, Prema Gopalan

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Too little attention has been given to the gender-differentiated effects of natural disasters, that is, women’s losses relative to men’s, how women’s work time and conditions change (both in terms of care-giving and income-generating work), or how disaster-related aid and entitlement programs include or marginalize affected women. The detailed case studies from three earthquake-stricken areas in India and Turkey that are contained in this issue of SEEDS help fill this information gap. They provide examples of how low-income women who have lost everything can form groups and become active participants in the relief and recovery process. Readers learn how women …

How Many Years Of Life Could Be Saved If Malaria Were Eliminated From A Hyperendemic Area Of Northern Ghana?, Ayaga A. Bawah, Fred N. Binka

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

For some time, Chinese government policies have treated rural and urban areas very differently, and a by-product of China’s rapid development seems to be an even greater differentiation between urban and rural social and economic life. Over the next several decades, in part because of rapid fertility declines and in part as a result of mortality declines at older ages, China and other developing countries will experience enormous increases in the proportion of older adults and the proportion of the “oldest-old.” It is reasonable to expect that these age structure changes will alter the provision of health care, making an …

Transferring Ghana's System Of Evidence-Based Health Program Development: Program For An Initial Exchange With Sierra Leone And Burkina Faso, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Ghana’s Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) experiment demonstrated that mobilizing community volunteerism, in combination with retraining and redeploying nurses to village-based locations reduced childhood mortality rates in that country. Thus, CHPS has become the government’s primary strategy for realizing universal access to health care. This report provides a description of an initial exchange organized by the Ghana Health Service, the Navrongo Health Research Centre, and the Population Council to explore ways of transferring and adapting these evidence-based strategies to other countries in the region. The exchange included representatives from the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation and the …

Cross-Cultural Adaptation Of Reproductive Health Services In Bolivia, Fernando Gonzales Salguero, Antonieta Martin, Rosario Perez Mendoza, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

The Bolivian Ministry of Health and Sports and the Integral Health Project, with the technical assistance of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS), tested several strategies to make health services in Bolivia more culturally appropriate for the country’s indigenous peoples. The goal of the project was to increase women’s access to, use of, and satisfaction with health services in general, and reproductive health services in particular, through: a) enhanced understanding and acceptance of the “other” culture; b) improving communication skills; c) facilitating and promoting use of the Quechua language in clinics; d) systematically screening clients’ health service …

Operations Research To Improve Postabortion (Pac) Services In Three Public Hospitals, Bolivia, Fernando Gonzales Salguero, Mariel Loayza

Reproductive Health

In the last five years, Pathfinder Bolivia has provided technical assistance, training and equipment to the Ministry of Health (MOH) to implement postabortion care (PAC) services in eight hospitals. They invited Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) to provide the technical assistance and training for conducting operations research (OR) activities. This report describes the second stage of this collaborative effort as presented in a three-day workshop attended by providers and staff members of the participant hospitals. During the workshop, participants received OR training and developed draft OR proposals seeking to improve PAC service delivery problems identified during the first study. The …

Use Of Systematic Screening To Increase The Provision Of Reproductive Health Services In Bolivia, James R. Foreit, Ricardo Vernon, Patricia Riveros Hamel

Reproductive Health

The objective of this study was to determine if the use of a checklist to screen for unmet service needs could increase the number of services per visit provided to clients using rural Bolivian health facilities. Measurement included changes in services per visit before and after the introduction of the intervention, and a comparison of services received at screened and non-screened visits. Findings show that, to the degree that provider compliance can be secured, systematic screening of clients appears to be an effective method for reducing unmet health service needs. The findings of this study replicate those of other studies …

An Assessment Of Trends In The Use Of The Iud In Ghana: National Results Dissemination And Utilization, Ivy Osei, John Gyapong, Monica Wanjiru, Ian Askew

Reproductive Health

The overall aim of this study was to inform the Ghana Health Service, USAID, and other partners involved in providing family planning services in Ghana about future directions that could be taken to reinvigorate the IUD within the context of a family planning service based on the principles of free and informed choice. The Health Research Unit conducted the study, with technical assistance from FRONTIERS and funding from USAID. The findings showed that the declining interest in and use of the IUD as a family planning method could be attributed to several factors, including negative perceptions and false beliefs about …

Improving The Ghanaian Safe Motherhood Programme, Ivy Osei, Bertha Garshong, Gertrude Banahene, John Gyapong, Placide Tapsoba, Ian Askew, Clement Ahiadeke, Richard Killian, Edward Bonku, Perle Combary, William Sampson

Reproductive Health

Prior to the Ghana Ministry of Health scaling up the country’s Safe Motherhood program, they requested support from the Population Council’s USAID-funded Frontiers in Reproductive Health program to undertake an operations research study to evaluate and compare the cost-effectiveness of two training approaches and other performance improvement interventions. The study measured and compared changes in provider knowledge and skills and the costs of implementing a three-week residential vs. self-paced learning (SPL) approach. The SPL approach costs more per trainer than the traditional residential approach, both in financial costs alone and when opportunity costs are added, however, a cost-effectiveness analysis showed …

Improving Access To Long-Term Contraceptives In Rural Guatemala Through The Ministry Of Health, Edwin Montufar, Carlos Morales, Ricardo Vernon, Carlos Brambila, Jorge Solorzano

Reproductive Health

The purpose of this study was to test a model to train nurse auxiliaries at health centers and posts in Guatemala and to determine whether these providers could deliver adequate, cost-effective services. The training model consisted of: a) selection of nurse auxiliaries; b) two-day group training; c) on-the-job training, including work with actual clients at the trainees’ work centers; and d) certification of trainees who had conducted at least five quality insertions under supervision. This study has shown that nonprofessional health providers can effectively provide quality IUD services in Guatemala. The main recommendation derived from the project is to scale …

Expanding Access To Vasectomy Services In The Ministry Of Health Of Guatemala, Blanca De Rodriguez, Ricardo Vernon, Jorge Solorzano

Reproductive Health

This project tested the effectiveness of a systemic model for introducing vasectomy in service delivery units of the Guatemalan Ministry of Health (MOH), which has four basic components: a) the self-selection of health units according to their response to an invitation to participate in the project; b) the development of a counseling and information model for potential clients; c) training and sensitizing of health teams; and d) on-site training of surgeons. The report concludes that the introduction model for vasectomy in the MOH centers was successful. A high proportion of hospitals that identified vasectomy candidates finished the process, and the …

Feasibility Of Introducing A Comprehensive Package Of Antenatal Care Services In Rural Public Clinics In South Africa, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Nzwakie Mosery, Mbali Ndube-Nxumalo, Busi Kunene, Mags Beksinska, Janet Dalton, Ester Snyman, Wilem Sturm, Preshny Moodley

Reproductive Health

The Maternal, Child and Women’s Health Unit, in collaboration with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program, the Reproductive Health Research Unit of the University of Witwatersrand, and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, developed and then pilot-tested this revised model in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The project’s objective was to develop and test an improved and integrated antenatal care program for public-sector clinics that would increase the range and quality of services received by pregnant women and improve their reproductive health behavior and status. Various problems, …

Predictors Of Early Onset Of Sexual Intercourse In Male And Female Residents Of The United States, Brianna Michele Magnusson

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract Purpose: The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy of any industrialized nation. Adolescents who have their first sexual intercourse at a young age are at increased risk for teen pregnancies and acquiring a sexually transmitted disease. This study examines predictors of early onset sexual intercourse in male and female residents of the United States. Methods: A nationally representative sample of N=7,643 females and N=4.928 males ages 15-44 was procured from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), Cycle 6. Age at first sexual intercourse was used to define early onset of sexual debut(<18 years). Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the respondents, demographic and selected reproductive characteristics of the respondent's parents were examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results: Non-fispanic black, being raised without both parents, having a mother less than 18 years old at the age of first birth and age difference between partners were significant predictors of early onset of sexual intercourse for both males and females. Maternal education less than high school was a significant protective factor for female respondents [OR=0.72 (95%CI=0.58- 0.90)] and paternal education completed high school only [OR=1.4 (95% CI=l. 1-1.7)] was a significant risk factor for male respondents. Conclusions: Racelethnicity, age difference between partners, not being raised by both parents, having a mother who had her first birth before the age of 18 and parental education are important predictor variables. Further study should be conducted to investigate the protective effect of lack of maternal education for female respondents. Intervention programs for teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection prevention should target these at risk groups.

Measurement Of Carbon Monoxide In Diesel Engine Exhaust, Michel Grenier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

The measurement of carbon monoxide concentrations in the exhaust of diesel engines allows the identification of engines needing maintenance. Selecting the right instruments and the protocol to be followed is very important. The objectives of the work presented in this report are the selection and evaluation of the measuring instruments, as well as the selection of the protocol to be followed. The work related to the evaluation of the measuring instruments was carried out in the laboratory and underground, in order to identify the factors that could affect the measurement protocol. …

Importance De L’Organisation Du Travail Comme Soutien Aux Stratégies Protectrices Des Auxiliaires Familiales Et Sociales Afs Et Des Infirmières Des Services De Soins Et De Maintien À Domicile. Annexe 1 : Rapport De L'Étude Du Clsc 1, Esther Cloutier, Élise Ledoux, François Ouellet, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Isabelle Gagnon, Hélène David, Catherine Teiger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Étude Des Horaires De Travail Des Auxiliaires Familiales Et Sociales Des Services De Soins À Domicile Dans Un Clsc - Suivi D’Implantation Du Logiciel De Gestion Des Horaires. Annexe 5 : Rapport D’Intervention Du Clsc 1, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Esther Cloutier, Élise Ledoux, Catherine Teiger, Hélène David, Isabelle Gagnon, François Ouellet

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les contraintes de temps sont un élément de l’organisation du travail qui peut influencer les stratégies protectrices chez les auxiliaires familiales et sociales travaillant au maintien à domicile des patients de CLSC. Dans un des quatre CLSC participant à une recherche en cours, le milieu avait signalé un besoin spécifique concernant l’étude des horaires de travail et des heures supplémentaires chez les AFS. Les horaires de travail étaient donc un aspect organisationnel important dans ce CLSC en particulier, d’autant plus qu’on s’apprêtait à y implanter un logiciel de gestion des horaires qui se répand dans les établissements analogues, publics comme …

Importance De L’Organisation Du Travail Comme Soutien Aux Stratégies Protectrices Des Auxiliaires Familiales Et Sociales Et Des Infirmières Des Services De Soins Et De Maintien À Domicile. Annexe 3 : Rapport De L'Étude Du Clsc 3, Esther Cloutier, Isabelle Gagnon, Élise Ledoux, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Hélène David, François Ouellet, Catherine Teiger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Importance De L’Organisation Du Travail Comme Soutien Aux Stratégies Protectrices Des Auxiliaires Familiales Et Sociales Et Des Infirmières Des Services De Soins Et De Maintien À Domicile. Annexe 4 : Rapport De L’Étude Du Clsc 4, Élise Ledoux, Esther Cloutier, Hélène David, François Ouellet, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Catherine Teiger, Isabelle Gagnon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Importance De L’Organisation Du Travail Comme Soutien Aux Stratégies Protectrices Des Auxiliaires Familiales Et Sociales Et Des Infirmières Des Services De Soins Et De Maintien À Domicile. Annexe 2 : Rapport De L'Étude Du Clsc 2, Esther Cloutier, Élise Ledoux, Madeleine Bourdouxhe, Isabelle Gagnon, François Ouellet, Hélène David, Catherine Teiger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Liste Des Méthodes De Travail Reliées Aux Opérations De Déblocage Et De Réhabilitation Des Cheminées À Minerai Et À Stérile, John Hadjigeorgiou, Jean-François Lessard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est l'annexe du rapport Conception des cheminées à minerai et à stérile (R-380)

This document is annex of the report Conception des cheminées à minerai et à stérile (R-380)

Evaluating Awareness Of Community Health And Human Services By The Hispanic Population In Lexington, Kentucky, Pilar Corbellini

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Over the past 10 years, Hispanics, predominately Mexicans, have become a notable component of immigration in Kentucky. At the same time, the city of Lexington has striven to increase and stimulate community efforts to help and support people in need. Over 2000 non-profit organizations exist in the city and surrounding areas that unite community support to assist people seeking help.

Among non-profit agencies, particularly the United Way of the Bluegrass, there is a perceived idea that people in need and seeking help are overwhelmed with information about available community human and health services. Notwithstanding this perception, a different reality seems …

Factors That Influence Mammography Use Of Community Health Workers, Cynthia M. Kratzke

Health Services Research Dissertations

Community health worker (CHW) interventions promote early detection of breast cancer and mammography use to help eliminate health disparities for minority and low-income women. Data trends show lower mammography use among this population although CHW interventions have been shown to promote mammography use. However, CHW interventions have not been tested sufficiently to examine the factors that influence mammography use of CHWs.

This cross-sectional study examined the factors that influence mammography use of CHWs and the relationship of self-efficacy, social norms, and mammography use of CHWs. The PRECEDE model served as the framework combining social factors, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and accessibility …

African American Breast Cancer Health Disparities, Theresa Lynn Gaul

Honors Program Theses

Health disparities are "the differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of cancer and related adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States" (National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2002). Racial and ethnic minorities experience serious disparities in health access and outcomes. Disparities in the burden of death and illness experienced by African Americans in particular, as compared with our nation's population as a whole, are particularly striking. There are a variety of factors contributing to these inequalities. The purpose of this report is to examine these factors and the consequential effects on the African American's …

Hearing Sensitivity Among Anniston Army Depot Workers., Melissa W. Norman

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.