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Articles 271 - 300 of 3238
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The German Defense-Industrial Zeitenwende: Implications For Transatlantic Security, Brett Swaney
The German Defense-Industrial Zeitenwende: Implications For Transatlantic Security, Brett Swaney
INSS Strategic Perspectives
The Zeitenwende, or “watershed moment”—announced by Chancellor Olaf Scholz in February 2022, days after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine—outlined a set of policy shifts, including the development of Germany’s first-ever National Security Strategy, that appeared to signal a greater role for Germany in the defense and security of Europe. The German National Security Strategy draws a clear connection between the need for a robust defense-industrial base and the foundation for the capabilities needed to meet North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) defense and deterrence commitments, support Ukraine, and provide for the recapitalization of allies and partners. To date, however, there has been …
Solving Global Problems Requires Global Cohesion, Harvey Whitehouse, John, Lord Alderdice, Carlos Alvarado Quesada, Peter Gluckman, Hakima El Haité, Lukas Reinhardt
Solving Global Problems Requires Global Cohesion, Harvey Whitehouse, John, Lord Alderdice, Carlos Alvarado Quesada, Peter Gluckman, Hakima El Haité, Lukas Reinhardt
New England Journal of Public Policy
A growing body of evidence from evolutionary anthropology and social psychology suggests that group cohesion can be scaled up beyond the level of nations and even regional blocs and transnational religions to encompass humanity at large. This article brings together insights from globally renowned political leaders, activists, and academics by arguing that this scaling up is not only possible but necessary to address the most pressing collective action problems facing our planet today. Drawing on evidence from experiments, longitudinal studies, and multi-country surveys, along with extensive practical experience—from serving as a head of state to playing leading roles in climate …
Play The Players For Winning Peace: Complexity Analytics With The Uk-Ireland Good Friday Agreement As A Case Study, Bilal M. Ayyub
Play The Players For Winning Peace: Complexity Analytics With The Uk-Ireland Good Friday Agreement As A Case Study, Bilal M. Ayyub
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article presents an innovative framework for analyzing and resolving intractable conflicts through the lens of complexity analytics. By conceptualizing conflicts as complex adaptive systems with fractal properties, we introduce a multifaceted methodology that integrates game theory, network analysis, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence (AI) to comprehend and influence conflict dynamics across multiple scales. The approach emphasizes ‘playing the players’ rather than focusing solely on the immediate conflict situation, drawing insights from poker strategy and AI-driven decision-making processes. This strategy involves understanding the psychological profiles, risk attitudes, and decision-making patterns of key actors, allowing for more nuanced and effective interventions. …
Gerald Templer's Leadership In The Malayan Emergency (1948-1960): Its Enduring Relevance, Kumar Ramakrishna
Gerald Templer's Leadership In The Malayan Emergency (1948-1960): Its Enduring Relevance, Kumar Ramakrishna
New England Journal of Public Policy
This article explores the leadership contributions of General Sir Gerald Templer, who was both High Commissioner and Director of Operations, during the counterinsurgency campaign waged by the British colonial authorities in Malaya against the Malayan Communist Party, between 1948 and 1960. This campaign has become known as the Malayan Emergency. The article explores how Templer’s leadership—marked by a combination of high intellect, sound practical nous, and the ability to galvanize governmental action and ultimately inspire the population to eventual victory—was instrumental in transforming the nature of the problematic initial British response to the Communist insurgency. The article suggests that Templer’s …
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley
Editor's Note, Padraig O'Malley
New England Journal of Public Policy
This issue of the New England Journal of Public Policy, again with Lord John Alderdice as guest editor, examined how wars end. The articles complement those in the previous issue on the Changing Character of War and Peacemaking.
Ending Wars In Times Of Uncertainty: Moral Leadership, Memory, And The Cost Of Peace, Eva Grosman
Ending Wars In Times Of Uncertainty: Moral Leadership, Memory, And The Cost Of Peace, Eva Grosman
New England Journal of Public Policy
In our era of ‘liquid modernity,’ ending wars requires more than ceasing hostilities—it demands ethical frameworks that address the deeper wounds of conflict. This article examines how peace processes frequently abandon those who sacrificed most, creating narratives of betrayal that undermine future stability. Using Poland’s post–World War II experience as a case study, it demonstrates how prioritizing geopolitical expediency over justice creates lasting damage to international order. Drawing on Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of liquid times, Anne Applebaum’s work on memory and abandonment, and Jonathan Sacks’s vision of moral leadership, the article argues that sustainable peace requires attention to dignity, inclusion, …
The Unholy Matrimony: Russia And Violent Non-State Actors, Justin Castro
The Unholy Matrimony: Russia And Violent Non-State Actors, Justin Castro
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Russia’s contemporary relationship with violent non-state actors has been at the forefront of news due to the conflict in Ukraine. Despite the international shock at this phenomenon, this is an age-old practice for Russia. Since the 17th century, the Russian state has developed a strategy of utilizing violent non-state actors in order to achieve its geopolitical objectives that consist of expanding its territory, extending its influence abroad, and weakening the capabilities of adversaries. While this strategy seems clear-cut, it contains a rich history of Russia trying to manage its relationship with non-state actors from a position of weakness and …
The Giants Of Coercion: Major Powers And The Mobilization Of Global Sanctions Coalitions, Louis Charbonneau
The Giants Of Coercion: Major Powers And The Mobilization Of Global Sanctions Coalitions, Louis Charbonneau
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This dissertation examines the conditions under which sanctions-sending states can successfully mobilize broad international support for coercive measures on a target state for violating international security norms. Using the case of international sanctions on Iran from 2006 to 2016, I develop a theory of how sanctions senders mobilize support for, and cooperation with, coercive measures on target states. The theory has two parts. First, states seeking international sanctions against a target with broad participation and support need unity and cooperation on the part of major powers in the international system. Second, securing the unity and cooperation of major powers makes …
Tradwives: The Housewifization Of The Girl Boss, Gagan Kaur
Tradwives: The Housewifization Of The Girl Boss, Gagan Kaur
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis examines the reemergence of a particular performance of domesticity in the post-pandemic era, focusing on the rise of the "tradwife" (traditional wife) movement alongside the normalization and spread of Alt-Right ideology through popular social media platforms. It argues that the tradwife is not a return to tradition, but a commodified performance of domesticity built on the erasure of social reproductive labor. Tracing the lineage of the “housewife” from the enclosure of the commons to imperial domesticity and from the “girl boss” to tradwife influencer culture, this project situates the tradwife within a longer history of "housewifization"—wherein women's labor …
Emulating Empire: Washington’S Preoccupation With British Counterinsurgency In Malaya And U.S. Commitment To Vietnam, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Emulating Empire: Washington’S Preoccupation With British Counterinsurgency In Malaya And U.S. Commitment To Vietnam, Wen-Qing Ngoei
Research Collection College of Integrative Studies
This essay examines how Washington’s deep preoccupation with the British-Malayan counterinsurgency tactics–tactics that routed the guerilla fighters of the Malayan Communist Party–shaped US commitment to Vietnam. This US preoccupation, stoked by Britain’s (and Malaya’s) promotion of their counterinsurgency knowledge to US leaders, also influenced the lessons that US analysts and thinkers absorbed from the United States’ defeat in Indochina. Most studies of British-Malayan counterinsurgency and its connection to the Vietnam War fixate upon debating the relevance of the former to the latter and how this bears on US failures in Indochina. However, this essay focuses on the understudied fervor with …
An X-Ray Of Mẽbêngôkre Houses In Terms Of Matrimonial Alliance, Vanessa R. Lea, Leandro Mahalem De Lima
An X-Ray Of Mẽbêngôkre Houses In Terms Of Matrimonial Alliance, Vanessa R. Lea, Leandro Mahalem De Lima
Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America
This article examines the matrimonial implications of the Houses, or matrihouses, of the Mẽtyktire subgroup of the Mẽbêngôkre (Kayapó-Jê) with the assistance of Puck (Program for the Use and Computation of Kinship Data) and Pajek software. In accordance with the greater legibility of graphics, statistical results have been converted into graphics whenever possible. The analysis is based on a revised version of a dataset spanning the years 1978 to 1982 and published on the site Kinsources. What began as a village census later morphed into genealogies, which served as the basis for the digital dataset. The matrihouses …
A Jus Ad Bellum Analysis Of The American Revolution, Lindsey Allen
A Jus Ad Bellum Analysis Of The American Revolution, Lindsey Allen
Senior Honors Theses
America is a rose among the thorns of history, owing her existence to her remarkable victory in the Revolutionary War. However, America's end cannot necessarily justify the means of her creation. This qualitative thesis will determine whether the American Revolution was just by examining the jus ad bellum perspective of Just War Theory. This philosophical purview will focus on the justness of the colonists’ initiation of the American Revolution, with its criteria being last resort, legitimate authority, just cause, probability of success, right intention, and proportionality. This thesis will synthesize the contributing elements and arguments for the defense of the …
Frontlines Of Influence: State Vs. Nonstate Disinformation Campaigns, Lily Wershbale
Frontlines Of Influence: State Vs. Nonstate Disinformation Campaigns, Lily Wershbale
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
This paper examines the evolution of disinformation campaigns conducted by state and nonstate actors, focusing specifically on Russia and the Islamic State as representative case studies. Through historical examples and qualitative comparative analysis, this research identifies the similarities and differences in disinformation’s role in actors’ core missions, resource allocation, and targeting decisions. This paper further explores the implications of artificial intelligence on disinformation campaigns, investigating how emerging technology will impact the influence operations of state governments and nonstate organizations alike. The findings reveal that while the ultimate intent of both state and non-state actors is to destabilize societies, their approaches …
Cyberterrorism And International Laws: Need For Cyber Inclusion, Carla A. Lechette-Danberry
Cyberterrorism And International Laws: Need For Cyber Inclusion, Carla A. Lechette-Danberry
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Cyberterrorists use cyberspace to communicate their threats and conduct their actions to intimidate their political, religious, or ideological control. The literature reviewed on cyberterrorism and international law has been limited and continues to develop as cyberterrorists develop their skills and capabilities to conduct cyberattacks. A gap exists in the literature on how nation-states respond to a cyberattack, cyber warfare, or cyberterrorism under international laws and policies. The problem is that international laws are being outpaced by the development of new technology, which cybercriminals and cyberterrorists can circumvent in order to escape punishment for a cyberattack. The purpose of this basic …
Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi
Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi
Journal of African Policy Studies
This paper is based on research which investigated the availability of social protection structures and institutions among pastoralists in northern Kenya. Social protection, which consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income is something that northern Kenya needs. The paper faults Vision 2030 and suggests mechanisms and ways in which pastoralists can be incorporated in Kenya's development more meaningfully. The argument is that Vision 2030 has not addressed the plight of pastoralists in political, …
China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks
China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks
Journal of African Policy Studies
The objective of this analysis is to examine and critically assess the peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts of China in Africa generally. In other words, what level of support does China provide to African peacekeeping efforts? What is China's rationale for engaging in peacekeeping and peacebuilding in SSA? What is the nature of its activities in those areas? What does it emphasize in its peacebuilding and peacekeeping activities?
Diamond In The Rough: Unearthing Botswana's Sources Of Political Legitimacy, Angela Gapa
Diamond In The Rough: Unearthing Botswana's Sources Of Political Legitimacy, Angela Gapa
Journal of African Policy Studies
Botswana has garnered analytic attention in the past few decades as Africa's developmental miracle. Being among the poorest countries in the world upon its independence in 1966, it catapulted itself to one of the fastest growing economies in the world for a period of four decades. What made the Botswana experience all the more outstanding, was that within the context of its company among other non-renewable natural resource dependent countries, it stood as an anomaly. This is because these resource endowed countries generally suffered or were susceptible to the "resource curse." This paper identifies legitimacy as having important value in …
Methodological Analysis Of The Guinea Bissau Nationalist Movement 1963-1974: Amilcar Cabral-Marxist Or Pragmatist Revolutionary?, Aliou Ly
Journal of African Policy Studies
On 24 September 1973, the former Portuguese colony of West Africa, Guinea Bissau, under the leadership of Amilcar Cabral and the PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and the Cape Verde Islands), declared its independence after fighting a national liberation war against their Portuguese colonialists. This was the first and the only war for independence in West Africa, with the complete defeat of a European colonial army. During and after the Guinea Bissau Liberation war; 1963-1974, many social scientists, particularly those using the Marxist framework analyzed this African nationalist struggle as a successful Marxist revolution in West Africa. …
Uganda Intervention, Saba Jallow
Uganda Intervention, Saba Jallow
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
The Politics Of Nigeria And The Development Of The Niger Delta Region, Andrew O. Efemini
The Politics Of Nigeria And The Development Of The Niger Delta Region, Andrew O. Efemini
Journal of African Policy Studies
The paper argues that Nigeria's underdevelopment cannot be adequately explained and appreciated unless we come to terms with the bad politics and faulty democratization processes it has pursued as a country. The Niger Delta Region is singled out as one region where Nigeria's bad politics manifest so negatively. The region suffers from dependency of the central government and other regions on the oil resources from the region. The Nigerian State has not been able to reposition itself as a truly democratic State with fair and just basic institutions. Institutions that are truly federal in character and promote citizenship rights are …
"Anchor States" In U.S. Africa Policy And The "Big States" Controversy, Stephen F. Burgess
"Anchor States" In U.S. Africa Policy And The "Big States" Controversy, Stephen F. Burgess
Journal of African Policy Studies
A question in African international relations is whether or not "big states" are capable of exercising hegemony in African sub-regions. U.S. policy towards Africa has included a focus on "anchor states" that appear to possess both the size and the capability of playing a lead role in stabilizing and leading their respective sub-regions. One of the criticisms of the policy focus is based upon the argument that "big states" are weaker and less stable than small states and that big states are bound to be destabilized by the burden of sub-regional hegemony and leadership in peace and stability operations. The …
Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs
Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
Regional Dimensions And Consequences Of Africa's Internal Wars: The Case Of Liberia And Sierra Leone, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam
Regional Dimensions And Consequences Of Africa's Internal Wars: The Case Of Liberia And Sierra Leone, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam
Journal of African Policy Studies
Demonstrably, internal conflicts within individual African states have tended to set off chain reactions and spillover effects in their specific regions. Indeed, this was the experience of the African continent throughout the last two decades of the twentieth century. As a result every region of Africa became a victim of several of the consequences and effects of those internal conflicts that began in specific states within it. Beyond Africa, the series of internal conflicts played into the hands of Afro-pessimists and Africa's detractors who lost faith in the continent's present and its future. This study succinctly examines the regional dynamics …
Globalization And Hegemony: Which Way Africa?, Mueni Wa Muiu
Globalization And Hegemony: Which Way Africa?, Mueni Wa Muiu
Journal of African Policy Studies
In this paper, I argue that World Bank policies, democratization, and globalization are not geared to uplift the dire conditions facing the majority in Africa. In post-Cold War Africa, the contested arena is over control of African cheap labor, markets and resources. In such a scenario, the greatest enemies of "globalization," "democratization" and "freedom" will be African leaders or groups that try to meet their populations' basic needs by focusing on food production rather than export. The core players in this "new Scramble" for Africa are: the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, African elites (including scholars and leaders) and …
Warlords, Resources And War In Africa: Who Arms, Who Pays And Who Trains?, Rasheed Draman
Warlords, Resources And War In Africa: Who Arms, Who Pays And Who Trains?, Rasheed Draman
Journal of African Policy Studies
Since the end of the Cold War, the nature of conflict has changed. A disturbing trend that has emerged with that change is warlords/rebel movements, resources, and greed. Today most conflicts are not driven by "loud discourse of grievance" but by the "silent voice of greed." While it is evident that most warlords rely on the resources they capture, they also rely on external governments to finance their war effort. This policy-oriented paper adds to the ongoing policy and academic debate by focusing mainly on the sources of arms, financial resources, and logistics for rebel movements, particularly in Africa. The …
Introduction To This Special Issue Of Joaps: Dynamics Of Conflict, Peace, And Security In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan
Introduction To This Special Issue Of Joaps: Dynamics Of Conflict, Peace, And Security In Africa, Earl Conteh-Morgan
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
Geopolitics In Africa’S Great Lakes Region, Gilbert M. Khadiagala
Geopolitics In Africa’S Great Lakes Region, Gilbert M. Khadiagala
Journal of African Policy Studies
This paper examines the civil war in the Congo since the late 1990s through regional and national lenses. It contends that Congo's problems are not unique; instead, they reflect a larger phenomenon of the lack of synergy between geography and politics in the Great Lakes region. The stabilization of power in geographical spaces is the puzzle of building institutions not just in the Congo, but also among its equally weak neighbors.
Repugnancy Test (Policy) And The Impact Of Colonially Imposed Laws On The Growth Of Nigeria’S Native Justice Systems, Nonso Okeresfoezeke
Repugnancy Test (Policy) And The Impact Of Colonially Imposed Laws On The Growth Of Nigeria’S Native Justice Systems, Nonso Okeresfoezeke
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
Land Inheritance And Subdivision In Kenya: A Policy Dilemma, Nyaga Mwaniki
Land Inheritance And Subdivision In Kenya: A Policy Dilemma, Nyaga Mwaniki
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
Post-Colonial Conflicts In Africa: The Case Of Angola, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam
Post-Colonial Conflicts In Africa: The Case Of Angola, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.