Digital Commons Network^™

Building Energy Standards And Codes, Charles E. Dorgan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Review steps that can be taken to reduce energy consumption, such as (1) increase energy costs, (2) allocate and limit users, (3) energy codes, (4) voluntary energy standards, and/or (5) change in life style. A dicussion of the types of energy standards/codes and what they accomplish is the main part of the paper -- this includes performance, budget, and prescriptive standards.

Heat Recovery Devices For Building Hvac Systems, Ronald H. Howell, Harry J. Sauer Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The opportunities and advantages of air-to-air heat recovery are described. The five basic types (rotary regenerative, coil loop run around, open run-around, heat pipe, and plate type) are described and their typical performance is presented. The potential savings in operating costs as well as initial equipment costs for common applications are presented.

The Current Status Of The Canadian Coal Industry, Philip S. Martin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Mineable reserves of coal are known to exist right across Canada and some 30 mines are currently operating in five provinces, plus one small mine in the Yukon. Total production in 1977 will a- mount to some 30 million short tons with a value of approximately $700 million, which will be a new record tonnage.

The Impact Of A Continuing Energy Crisis: Changing Attitudes And Behaviors Regarding Thermostat Setback, John W. Frazier, Milton E. Harvey

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A sample of Akron, Ohio SMSA households are utilized to examine thermostat setback as an energy conservation strategy. Socio-economic differences between adopting households are evaluated using discriminant analysis. The results constitute the bases on which our recommendations for future increased use of the thermostat setback strategy are made.

Dilemmas In Decision-Making Towards The Resolution Of The Energy Crisis, Rao J. Tatikonda, Mark R. Bomball, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper discusses various solution approaches to solve our aggravating energy problem. It presents various dilemmas faced by the energy policy-makers of the United States, for each of the solution approaches. The factors involved are economic, environmental, technological, sociological, psychological, ethical, political,institutional, international, regulatory, managerial, futuristic, and systems-oriented. An approach to help the Congress and the President to formulate and implement an effective National Energy Plan is discussed.

The Opec Oil-Pricing Policies, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The capital-theoretic model suggested for determining the price- quantity combinations does not hold in the case of most natural resources, including petroleum, since the inelastic demand function would vitiate the optimal solution. The specification of a dynamic demand function, with necessary, attributes, no doubt, results in a valid optimal solution in period t, but that could be achieved only at the cost of sub-optimal solution in other periods. If the OPEC starts behaving as a discriminating monopoly, instead of as a pure monopoly, the optimal solution is assured in all markets and in all time periods.

Overview And Impact Of Ashrae Standard 90 -- An Energy Standard For New Buildings, Edward A. Kriege

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This talk is an introduction to ASHRAE Standard 90. It is a brief review of the purpose, history, content and inpact of the document.

Quantification Of Energy Resource Consumption, William J. Coad

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the fundamental issue of energy conservation in exploring the question - what is to be conserved? Following a brief chronology of the situation leading to the present day concerns regarding the energy intensity of our economy, the role of the engineering community is addressing solutions is discussed. The conclusion developed is that the engineering disciplines must assume the lead in channeling energy conservation efforts toward the salient goal of reducing excessive use of energy resource matter.

Energy Conservation In Buildings -- The Missouri Plan, Jack Whittier, Bill Jurkiewicz, Weston Fisher

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In 1974, approximately 23 percent (256.5 trillion Btu's) of Missouri energy was consumed in the residential sector. In 1980, this figure is projected to be 246.6 trillion Btu's (21 percent) (ref. 1). The reduction reflects already implemented conservation activities and the increased use of electric heating at higher end point efficiency. Estimates suggest that energy savings of nearly 50 percent could be achieved in this sector, primarily by upgrading the thermal efficiency of building structures and changing user behavior patterns. This given potential, the reduction of energy consumption in this sector has become a major target of the Missouri Energy …

Solar Heated Animal Shelters, Joan M. Wood

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Modern day agricultural methods have made todays farmers dependent upon fossil fuels to maintain their productivity. This paper addresses one aspect of the problem -- the heating of animal shelters. In particular, the solar heating of a broiler grow-out house, where temperatures of up to 95°F must be maintained, is discussed.

A detailed analysis of a solar heated broiler grow-out house that has been operating for over a year will be presented. The solar system provided 47% of the heat required to grow 22,000 chickens. The system utilizes a 3,200 ft.2 integrated rock absorption and storage collector. An economic analysis …

A Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Feeding Power Into The Utility Grid, G. C. Thomann, M. Jong, M. H. Snyder

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A small horizontal axis wind turbine, with about a 2 kW power output, was constructed to convert wind energy into AC power to be fed into the utility grid. The machine is intended to model operation of the larger wind generators now being built. The variable pitch rotor is 18 ft in diameter and has a GA(W)-1 blade airfoil. The rotor is fabricated from sitka spruce mounted on a commercial propeller/hub system. Rotor speeds of from 75 to 150 rpm are used in operation. A chain drive and helical gear drive system steps up rotor speed to 1800 - 3600 …

Some Financial Implications Of Divestiture Legislation, John Griffith, Jack W. Waldrip

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Those critical of divestiture legislation emphasize both the relative lack of concentration and the advantages of grouping the development of two or more energy materials under the management of one corporate business. Many of these arguments are extremely difficult to evaluate without harder evidence than appears to be available at present. This paper purports to deal with some of the financial and legal consequences of different possible methods of accomplishing divestiture.

A Systems Study Of Our Energy Problems, S. C. Lee

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The diminishing supply of petroleum and natural gas has induced many concerned citizens as well as many interest groups to study energy problems. Based on different sources of information and various degrees of economical consideration, conflicting conclusions have been reached. To help resolve this situation, a systems study was conducted. The available statistics on the supply and demand of energy were examined. The resources of nuclear energy, fossil fuel, and renewable energy sources were analyzed. Considerations were weighted equally on energy content, resource availability, existing technology, and consumer economics as well as on the impact of ecology and sociology. The …

Volunteers In Energy Conservation -- Potential And Problems, Clayton L. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The social and political implications of the energy crisis, while complex in nature and understanding, seem to urgently proclaim that the time for action is now. This paper is based on the premise that individual responsibility is essential. The people must act. Political decisions must be made. The people must debate what social climates are to be promoted and by what new energy systems. The key to solving the energy crisis is America's people, and particularly with its youth. With people come the potential and of course, the problems. The approach of this paper will be threefold.

Low Head Power Generation With Bulb Turbines, J. L. Carson, R. S. Samuelson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Because of uncertainties, delays, and high costs associated with alternative electric energy sources, many agencies responsible for generation of electrical power are investigating means of replacing or supplementing their existing hydroelectric facilities. In the head range between 10 and 60 feet, the bulb-type generating unit, in which the generator is enclosed in a metal capsule within the water passage, has many advantages, including higher efficiency and lower cost, over other types of turbines. Two of the municipalities in the United States which have recently conducted feasibility studies for installing bulb turbines in their systems are the City of Idaho Falls, …

Economics And Net Energy Analysis: Is A New Analytical Technique Needed For Energy Decision Making?, William J. Kruvant

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The paper attempts to evaluate the claims of Net Energy Analysis (NEA) against those of economics in a reasonably comprehensive way. The principal problems of NEA concern system boundaries, aggregation across fuels, valuing external effects, valuing human labor and valuing time. These problems seriously limit the contribution Net Energy Analysis can make to allocation decisions, and allocation Is the central problem of energy policy.

The Energy Crisis: The Challenge For Nuclear Regulation, Richard T. Kennedy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen. It is indeed a pleasure for me to be with you again this year for your annual conference and to see so many familiar faces. Your theme -- "The Energy Crisis: Where Do We Go From Here?" -- is particularly pertinent. And, I am especially honored to be lead-off speaker on a subject of such importance to all Americans.

When I spoke to you last year, I discussed the joint efforts by the NRC and the States to reduce the overlap and duplication in reactor regulation. Today, I want to bring all of you up …

Assessing Environmental Costs Of Energy Procurement, Ronald G. Alderfer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper describes an ecological approach to the assessment of environmental impact and associated costs of all major phases of energy procurement. The approach is based on identification of services performed and benefits offered by natural and man-modified ecosystems and requires that energy procurement activities be analyzed in terms of their impact on these services and benefits. A thorough cost assessment (including quantitative and qualitative factors) of alternate energy plans will aid both the selection of the most desirable alternate and the reduction of unforeseen costs and problems during and after construction .

Control Of Trace Elements During The Increasing Development Of Coal For Energy, Bobby G. Wixson, Ernst Bolter

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The question of an energy crisis continues as many people in the United States have difficulty and become confused with what seems to be a continuing excess of gasoline, oil products and questionable reporting of price increases and profit margin by energy companies. However, the majority of the scientific and engineering community, knowledgable politicians and the general public realize that the energy crisis is real. Fortunately there still remains time to practice conservation and the development of alternative and new sources of energy if the United States can unite and implement a viable energy plan.

Competition In National And Appalachian Coal Markets, Walter P. Page

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Paper examines concentration ratios for Appalachian coal production and the output behavior of coal-oil merged firms in Appalachia.

Regulatory Effectiveness In The Electric Utility Industry: An Empirical Analysis, Michael A. Zimmer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An established result in the theory of the regulated firm is that an effective rate-of-return constraint induces the firm to employ larger proportions of capital inputs to noncapital inputs than would be the case in the absence of the regulatory constraint. This overcapitalization, often referred to as the Averch-Johnson effect, has been the subject of several recent empirical studies of the electric utility industry. The present study adds to this body of literature. It seeks to test for the effectiveness of utility regulation in the context of a cost minimization model which includes the allowed rate of return as an …

Increased Aluminum Use And Its Impact On The Life-Cycle Energy Cost Of Automobiles, Yildirim Omurtag

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper examines the life-cycle of a passenger automobile including ore refining, manufacture of components, assembly, driving and recycling to provide a general computerized model to be used in evaluating the impact of various material substitution rates and recycling policies on the total system energy consumption. The emphasis is on the use of increased aluminum to replace iron and steel.

A Solar Energy System For Space Heating And Space Cooling, Thomas J. Mcnamara

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

To help reduce natural gas and electrical operating costs, a retrofit space heating and space cooling solar energy system is integrated into the existing conventional heating and air handling systems serving the exhibit spaces. This installation would not only provide substantial energy cost savings to the Museum, but it would also provide a means of showing and explaining the operation of an actual working solar energy system to the large number of daily visitors to the Museum. This report explains the design, operation and performance of this solar energy system.

Economic Restraints On Reduced Energy Use In Agriculture, Lowell D. Hill

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Many of the popular suggestions for improving energy use under mechanized agriculture would result in a reduction in total food supply or they are in conflict with economic decisions. This paper examines several of these suggestions and identifies the economic limits to their implementation. The choice of food products or techniques of production must be evaluated in the context of all uses of energy. Only a market system is capable of permitting every consumer to express his preferences for the infinite array of foods and energy uses.

Cost Effectiveness Of Bio-Gas Systems For Dairy Farms, J. C. Oppenlander, E. A. Cassell, R. N. Downer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Considerable attention has recently been focused on the development of farm management practices that utilize the total resource potential of animal wastes. In addition to the fertilizer value of manure, energy in the form of bio-gas can be generated from manure wastes by an anaerobic digestion process. The purpose of this economic analysis was to evaluate the feasibility of producing energy from the anaerobic digestion of dairy-cow manure. Anaerobic digestion systems were rationally designed for several farm management practices on Vermont dairy farms. These designs were sized to accommodate dairy herds of 20, 50, 100, and 200 cows for both …

Recovery Of Oil From Oil Shale -- An Overall Technological Perspective, Abu Ahmad, Sayeed Hasan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The hydrocarbon content of oil shale can be converted into liquid oil which is a possible energy resource for the future. Different aspects of shale oil recovery is briefly discussed. The technology of modified in situ oil shale retorting, which is receiving increasing attention for commercialization, is discussed in a little more detail.

Manufacturers' Responses To Fuel Supply Problems, Evelyn R. Rosenthal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The progress of energy conservation in industry was investigated with the aim of identifying barriers to strong energy conservation efforts. One of these barriers proved to be fuel supply problems as exemplified by the natural gas shortage of 1976-77.

Energy Crisis -- The Role Of Government, Lenore Loeb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Banquet Speaker, William C. Phelps

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

The Political Economy Of Opec, Loring Allen

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a part of the hard reality of the present and future energy position of the U. S. It burst upon the world scene in 1973 in response to long years of shabby treatment by the oil companies and oil-importing countries. Through cooperation in the exercise of their sovereignty over oil deposits, OPEC members have extracted increasing revenues through restricting production and raising price. Although serving its own interests, OPEC benefits also the rest of the world, even though its presence portends a shift in the world balance of power.