Digital Commons Network^™

Application And Prospect Of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, Shuo Li, Yuantao Wu, Chen Li, Hongyu Zhao, Yiping Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) is one of the advanced technologies for human to explore and understand the ocean. It is an important equipment for China's construction of a marine power. This study introduces the current development status of UUV, with special focus on the latest application achievements of China's pedigree UUV developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in deep-sea mineral resource exploration, deep-sea scientific research, abyss research and North-South polar expedition. Combined with the current research basis of UUV, the development and application of underwater vehicle in the future are prospected. Through the research and development …

Development Status And Prospect Of Marine Environmental Security Technology, Huabin Mao, Yuantao Wu, Jianping Yin, Shumin Lian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous progress of ocean observation technology, more and more technical means have been provided for marine environmental safety technology. The marine environmental security technology plays an indispensable role in the national Belt and Road Initiatives. Meanwhile, it not only plays a crucial role in the achievement of building a maritime power and the maintenance of national maritime security, but also plays a positive role in promoting the construction of a "community with a shared future for the oceans" and implementing the goal of marine sustainable development. Based on the practical problems, this study introduces the system composition of …

Critical Infrastructures For Developing Uavs’ Applications And Low-Altitude Public Air-Route Network Planning, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye, Xiang Tan, Shifeng Fang, Yaohuan Huang, Jing Lin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Contemporary unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are characterized by huge numbers, wide applications, frequent activities, and massive end-users. High standards of reliability and robustness of the software and hardware systems on board UAVs become imminent for safe operations. UAVs' operations are largely dependent on new technologies and external high-technology infrastructures. Among them, the low-altitude public air-route network is a key new type of infrastructure to ensure the safe and efficient operation of UAVs. A further research and promotion of the low-altitude "sky road" infrastructures as the core is conducive to the development of the urban air traffic network and the promotion …

New York Clearing House Association: Overview, Sean Fulmer

Journal of Financial Crises

Between the creation of nationally chartered banks in 1863 and the launch of the Federal Reserve System in 1914, an organization of most New York City banks—originally formed to simplify settling clearing balances—joined together during banking panics to reallocate liquidity and restore market confidence. In the absence of a central bank, this organization, the New York Clearing House Association (NYCH), issued clearinghouse loan certificates (CLCs) that association members could use as temporary cash substitutes for settling clearing balances between banks. CLCs allowed borrowing banks to maintain their cash reserves without costly asset liquidations. The NYCH used CLCs in six crises …

Dividends And Bank Capital In The Global Financial Crisis Of 2007–2009, Viral V. Acharya, Irvind Gujral, Nirupama Kulkarni, Hyun Song Shin

Journal of Financial Crises

The headline numbers appear to show that even as banks and financial intermediaries suffered large credit losses in the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009, they raised substantial amounts of new capital, both from private investors and from government-funded capital injections. However, on closer inspection, the composition of bank capital shifted radically from one based on common equity to that based on debt-like hybrid claims such as preferred equity and subordinated debt. The erosion of common equity was exacerbated by large-scale payments of dividends, in spite of widely anticipated credit losses. Dividend payments represent a transfer from creditors (and potentially taxpayers) …

Public History Is Now, Sarah E. Dougher

Amplify: A Journal of Writing-as-Activism

A walking tour of downtown Portland in August 2021 raises questions for the writer about the purpose of “memory activism,” its relation to writing-as-activism. Drawing on critiques of urbanist Jane Jacobs and interrogating the concept of “reckoning,” the essay explores ways in which the streetscape and people there can deliver meaning and pose questions about systemic racism and unsheltered existence.

Pengaruh Pembiayaan Dalam Era Presiden Jokowi Dan Sby Pada Tahun 2010-2019 Terhadap Pemerataan Peningkatan Pembangunan Jalan Di Indonesia, Dhini Rizky Prasedyawati, Nining Indroyono Soesilo

Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi

This study aims to find quantitative empirical evidence on the Effect of Financing in the Era of Presidents Jokowi and SBY from 2010 to 2019 on the Equitable Improvement of Road Construction in Indonesia. The analysis was carried out using panel data regression and common effect method, with the unit of observation being 11 provinces in Indonesia over a period of 10 years, during from 2010 to 2019. The dependent variable in this study is the length of the national road, while the independent variables are the APBN, Foreign Loans, Population, GRDP, the leadership dummy and the regional dummy. After …

Hybrid U-Net: Semantic Segmentation Of High-Resolution Satellite Images To Detect War Destruction, Shima Nabiee, Matthew Harding, Jonathan Hersh, Nader Bagherzadeh

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Destruction caused by violent conflicts play a big role in understanding the dynamics and consequences of conflicts, which is now the focus of a large body of ongoing literature in economics and political science. However, existing data on conflict largely come from news or eyewitness reports, which makes it incomplete, potentially unreliable, and biased for ongoing conflicts. Using satellite images and deep learning techniques, we can automatically extract objective information on violent events. To automate this process, we created a dataset of high-resolution satellite images of Syria and manually annotated the destroyed areas pixel-wise. Then, we used this dataset to …

National Food Security, Immigration Reform, And The Importance Of Worker Engagement In Agricultural Guestworker Debates, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern

Food Studies - All Scholarship

This article looks at the United States’ federal H-2A Temporary Agricultural Visa Program and reforms proposed by the Farm Workforce Modernization Act. In this policy analysis, we draw on media content analysis and qualitative interviews to compare the viewpoints of farmers, workers, grower and worker advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politicians. We find that perspectives on the program are dependent upon actors’ level of direct interaction with workers. Moderate-sized farmers and regionally based worker advocacy groups tend to be the most concerned with day-to-day program operations and fair working conditions. In contrast, national-level advocacy groups, intermediary agents, and politicians are …

Climate Disasters, Mass Violence, And Human Mobility In South Sudan: Through A Gender Lens, Marisa O. Ensor

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, …

Examining Disparities In The Early Adoption Of Covid-19 Personal Mitigation Across Family Structures, Casey Harris, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Michael Nino, Priya Thelapurath, Grant Drawve

Sociology and Criminology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The United States' response to the COVID-19 pandemic has relied heavily on personal mitigation behaviors versus centralized governmental prevention strategies, especially early in the virus's outbreak. This study examines how family structure shapes mitigation, focusing on the intersectional effects of gender, marital status, and the presence of children while accounting for differences in worry about infection from the virus. Using data from a national survey of 10,368 United States adults early in the pandemic (March 2020), survey-weighted logistic regression models show important differences in the likelihood of personal mitigation adoption across family structures. Unmarried women with children were most likely …

Competitive Intelligence And Neuro-Technologies: The New Strategic Tools To Boost The Digital Economy, Daniel Gabriel Dinu, Andreea Stoian-Karadeli, Larisa Mihoreanu, Milena Ilić, Mihai Păduraru

Public Affairs and Security Studies Faculty Publications

Purpose – This paper aims to bridge the conceptual gap between the competitive intelligence domain and the current digital transformation and adaptation to the new values, norms, requests and expectations of Industry 4.0. Starting with the theoretical and chronological background attributed to the current developments, the following pages proceed to developing the argument that the Competitive Intelligence domain has become an imperative for the whole process of decision-making involved in Industry 4.0, applied to all businesses, disregard their status, domain, or turnover.

Design/methodology/approach – Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, the paper uses both a theoretical and practical approach to the main …

Exploring The Empirical Relationship Between Inner-City Blight And Urban Sprawl In The United States, Eric Fesselmeyer, Kiat Ying Seah

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Urban blight has been found to cause a variety of problems, including negatively affecting the value of surrounding properties and increasing neighborhood crime rates. If the same externalities that give rise to urban sprawl also contribute to urban blight, as is suggested by Brueckner and Helsley (2011), city center vacancy rates-an indication of blight-would increase with the extent of urban sprawl. This study adds to the sparse literature on the empirical relationship between urban sprawl and blight by finding that the city-center census tract vacancy rate is higher in more sprawling cities. The results of this article, therefore, provide support …

Gis Training In Transportation And Environmental Justice For Promoting Student Success In Steam Education, Joowon Im, Alan Klein, Amruta Sakalker

TREC Final Reports

Transportation land uses have a significant impact on vulnerable ecologies, especially in a rapidly urbanizing region like Dallas-Fort Worth. To study this relationship, the research team will develop a pilot ArcGIS lab course to expose high school students to critical regional tools and technology. This course will demonstrate the connections between transportation planning and design and environmental justice. The College of Architecture Planning and Public Affairs at UT Arlington will partner with CityLab high school in the Dallas Independent School District to develop a four-week lab course curriculum in ArcGIS and other emerging regional mapping technologies.

High school students will …

Estimating The Economic Impacts Of Transportation-Related Supply Chain Disruptions In The Post-Earthquake Environment, Divya Chandrasekhar, Sua Kim, John Downen, Joshua Spolsdoff

TREC Final Reports

Transportation systems play a critical role in maintaining supply chains for effective post-disaster recovery. Modeling the potential economic impact of transportation-related disruptions, therefore, is an important step to promoting pre-event community wide recovery and resilience planning. But existing supply chain and economic impact models are cost prohibitive and overly sophisticated for use by public sector entities with limited resources. There is also limited understanding of how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) adjust to post-disaster transportation disruption and how this experience influences their future preparedness for similar events. This project had two objectives: (1) to analyze the economic impact due to …

Mobility For The People: Evaluating Equity Requirements In Shared Micromobility Programs, Anne Brown, Amanda Howell, Hana Creger

TREC Final Reports

Technology-enabled shared micromobility services have expanded mobility for some travelers, but significant barriers to use limit their uptake among certain groups. To address these barriers, cities and professional transportation organizations have undertaken two distinct efforts to operationalize equity in shared micromobility services: 1) drafted equity frameworks in an attempt to clearly define equity within the transportation context and to provide guidelines for what cities should consider when designing equity-based mobility programs; and 2) some cities have attempted to ameliorate access disparities by establishing new requirements for shared micromobility programs. Both equity frameworks and program requirements mark important steps to operationalizing …

Digital-Based And Sustainable Tourism Village Development Planning Inpapa Garang Village, Labuan Bajo, Rahmi Setyawati

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

Indonesia as a maritime axis, of course, will not be separated from maritime culture and technology. The maritime axis is a development paradigm needed by maritime-based regions such as Labuan Bajo. Maritime culture should be the original culture of Indonesia, because Indonesia is an archipelagic country. However, the development of tourist villages located on the coast requires a special planning program that is in accordance with the characteristics of the community, geography, and socio-culture so that tourism development is sustainable. This study aims to create a digital-based and sustainable independent tourism village development program. The concept used is sustainable tourism, …

Music Tourism Potentials In Indonesia:Music Festivals And Their Roles In City Branding, Peny Meliaty Hutabarat

Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Policy Studies

The great potential of music tourism has not been optimized in Indonesia. Meanwhile, music tourism is increasingly becoming one of the forms of new economic growth. The growth of music festival from year to year has also made the Indonesian people, especially the younger generation, make music as one of their needs and lifestyles. The number, diversity, and popularity of music festivals in Indonesia have grown tremendously. That’s why Indonesia needs to encourage tourism potentials, one of which is the potential of music festivals that plays a role in creating city image and city branding. This study seeks to see …

Systematic Review Of Racial, Ethnic And Gender Differences On Financial Knowledge In The United States, Luisa Blanco, Cruz Garcia, Rosemary Gutierrez

School of Public Policy Working Papers

We conducted a systematic review of racial, ethnic, and gender differences on financial knowledge in the United States. We reviewed journal publications that specifically study or consider racial, ethnic, and gender differences in financial knowledge during the period 2010-2021. We include in this review a total of 33 papers, where nine focus on racial and ethnic differences, 14 focus on gender differences, and 10 consider racial, ethnic, and gender differences. From the reviewed studies, we estimate the average financial knowledge racial and ethnic gap, where Whites score on average 19 percentage points higher than Blacks, 14 percentage points higher than …

Forecasting Country Conflict Using Statistical Learning Methods, Sarah Neumann, Darryl K. Ahner, Raymond R. Hill

Faculty Publications

Purpose — This paper aims to examine whether changing the clustering of countries within a United States Combatant Command (COCOM) area of responsibility promotes improved forecasting of conflict. Design/methodology/approach — In this paper statistical learning methods are used to create new country clusters that are then used in a comparative analysis of model-based conflict prediction. Findings — In this study a reorganization of the countries assigned to specific areas of responsibility are shown to provide improvements in the ability of models to predict conflict. Research limitations/implications — The study is based on actual historical data and is purely data driven. …

Layout Of Basic Research Based On Think Tank Double Helix Methodology, Jinbo Wan, Jian Jiao, Peng Du

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The layout of basic research is a typical multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary comprehensive policy research, which is suitable to be guided by the think tank double helix methodology. Firstly, the study summarizes the "organization" and theoretical understanding of basic research layout. Secondly, based on MIPS logical hierarchy method and DIIS process fusion method, the study analyzes the fusion mechanism of "discipline layout" and "task layout" of basic research. Finally, the study puts forward the promotion strategies and measures of the future basic research layout from four aspects:system layout, discipline layout, task layout, and international layout.

Formulating Decade Action Plan For Green And Quality Development In Bohai Sea, Shicheng Wang, Shuguang Liu, Hongsheng Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As the only inland sea of China, Bohai Sea has been regarded as the integrated part of the national territorial space toward green and high-quality development in the new era. The comprehensive environmental treatment in Bohai Sea has achieved noticeable progress, but the problems remain. The trend of biological and ecological degradation of Bohai Sea has not been fundamentally curbed. Guided by President Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization and on building a maritime community with a shared future, China should join into the Implementation Plan for the United Nations Decade of Marine Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030), and manage …

It Is Time To Recognize The Rio Grande Valley As A Rising Borderland Metropolis, Rodney Gomez, Luis Guajardo, Edna Ely-Ledesma

Public Affairs and Security Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Walk In The Park: A Spatial Analysis Of Crime And Portland Parks, Cheyenne Pamela Hodgen

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents two individual research papers that examine the relationship between greenspaces and crime in Portland, Oregon. The two papers use an adapted street network buffer to better measure crime concentration around discrete locations. This methodological development allows for an improved measure of crime concentration around discrete locations.

The first contribution, explores the relationship between different greenspace types and crime, breaking down different crime types into discrete categories. The results of this study suggest that overall, Portland greenspaces do not experience a concentration of crime, however, different patterns emerge as greenspace and crime types are disaggregated. Only one greenspace …

Regional Decision-Making In Oregon’S Area Commissions On Transportation, Cole P. Grisham

Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs

Long after other areas of Oregon had already done so, the local agencies in the Portland region served by the Oregon Department of Transportation decided to form a regional Area Commission on Transportation. Why they decided to do so and what caused local agencies to delay forming one until long after other regions was not immediately clear. In this article, I examine the policy documents around the formation of the Region 1 ACT and how its policy history represents wider historical trends on regional transportation decision making nationally. To do so, I describe Oregon’s regional policy making structure followed by …

Cityengine As A Tool For Visualizing Neighborhood Change: An Initial Study, Zach Noyes

City and Regional Planning

Urban planning is reliant upon genuine public engagement to ensure that planning and policy decisions reflect the ideas shared by the public. Because planning is a profession largely focused on the physical and built implications of more abstract planning concepts, effective graphic communication is critical to securing public support and understanding of policy decisions. ESRI's CityEngine uses procedural modeling technology to render personally-tailored scenes to non-planner members of the public, and shows potential to positively change the way that planners generate graphic representations of physical impacts of policy changes. This initial study establishes a methodology for determining the efficacy of …

A Comparative Analysis Of Statutory Remedies For Wrongful Convictions In The Fifty States, Abigail St. John

Honors Theses

Thousands of individuals have been wrongfully convicted across the United States. When an exoneration occurs, an individual’s conviction is absolved, and their innocence is proved through newly discovered evidence. While it might be impossible to protect from the errors of the criminal justice system, it is in the hands of the state to compensate the wrongly convicted. There is an abundance of research that focuses on reforming the existing wrongful conviction compensation legislation, but there is a lack of scholarly data that explains the motivations behind this compensation. Moreover, few researchers have considered the role of partisanship and political parties …

The Rural Price Tag Of California's Clean Energy Transition, Sayd Randle

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

In the spring of 2019, residents of eastern California’s Owens Valley were on the fight. As is usual in that part of the world—where a century of aggressive water extraction by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power has left the valley dry—they were angry about a water project dreamed up by some Southern Californians.

Between The Commons And The Cosmos: The Sacred Politics Of The Bri In Southeast Asia And Beyond, Orlando Woods

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper explores how political ecology can advance existing understandings of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its effects, and how the BRI can contribute to recent shifts in the study of political ecology. It argues that the idea of infrastructural overlap can sensitize discourse to the ways in which the materializations of the BRI, as a series of infrastructural megaprojects, intersect with other infrastructural formations, such as the environment and religion. By focusing on the effects of the BRI on resource- dependent communities located between the ‘commons’ and the ‘cosmos’ we can appreciate the sense of existential crisis …

Transportation Utility Fee To Fund Transit In California, Shishir Mathur, Ralph Robinson

Mineta Transportation Institute

Public transit is a key tool to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to combat climate change; improve safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers; and expand accessibility and mobility for all. However, we can only realize this potential by making sufficient investments to provide transit service levels that attract and retain greater ridership. To help with this needed investment, a handful of local governments have turned to transportation utility fees (TUFs), primarily collected as a monthly charge on customers' utility bills or property tax bills. While more widely used to support street maintenance, this study identifies six case studies where TUF …