Digital Commons Network^™

Energy Conservation On Forklift Truck Operations, Robert C. Weber, Paul Gies, James Seifert

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A two-fold study of wind energy in an industrial application is presented in this paper. The first phase of the study concerned the possibility of using wind energy to supply power for electric forklift trucks. The second phase related the feasibility of propane power versus electric power in forklift truck operations.

New Concept In Louver Blade Design Reduces Energy Losses, Peggy Kitchen, R. David Moore

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A new louver blade design, developed through extensive wind tunnel tests, employs an airfoil shape with excellent aerodynamic characteristics. Stressed-skin construction adds strength and rigidity permitting the use of longer blades and the elimination of unnecessary frame sections. Lever arms and linkage rods are placed out of the airstream, further reducing resistance to airflow. Louvers and dampers employing this design will have a pressure drop of from 1/4 to 1/10 that of units of traditional design.

Possibilities Of Combined Heat Recovery And Air Pollution Control Systems, V. Frank Mach

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Combined heat recovery with air pollution control is applicable on many industrial high temperature emissions. Some methods are discussed in this paper. Two examples illustrate that such a combination offers benefit in both energy conservation and less costly protection of the environment.

The Cost Of Crop Residues As An Auxiliary Fuel Source For Coal-Fired Power Plants, Cameron Short, Burton C. English, Steve K. Johnson, Earl O. Heady

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Estimates are made of the costs of crop residues as an auxilary fuel to existing coal-fired power plants. Costs of crop residues include costs for foregone agronomic benefits of incorporating crop residues, and costs for harvesting transporting processing and boiler modifications. A range of cost estimates is given depending on annual demand.

Energy Audits In New Mexico: Plans And Programs, Thomas T. Shishman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

New Mexico is planning and has implemented programs to provide Class A, B, and C energy audits to its citizens. These audits provide information to the owner/occupant of a structure about areas of energy waste and the economics of future actions and retrofit opportunities. Current programs include Class B audits for public schools and residences and Class C workbooks for schools, offices, and homes. Future projects will provide Class C workbooks for mobile homes and small businesses and development of a Class A program for non-residential structures.

Mississippi County Community College -- A Photovoltaic Demonstration Project, William M. Woodsmall Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An overall view of the integration of all systems involved in the world's largest photovoltaic demonstration project.

Mississippi County Community College in Blytheville is presently being planned using a 240 KW ± photovoltaic collection field for its energy source. Systems include the collectors, thermal, process control, storage (both thermal and electrical) power conditioning, and the building itself.

Long Term Stability Of Linearized Thermistor Circuits, Gene E. Kouba

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The long term accuracy and stability of linearized thermistor circuits used for temperature measurements in a solar home monitoring project are being evaluated by periodic calibration.

America’S Energy Portrait -- 1978 And Beyond, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is a general consensus that fragmented energy policies are a product of unrefined knowledge about our energy supplies and energy management capabilities. There is also a specific endeavor that we mortals must have knowledge available in order to learn how to proceed with this business of living. Knowledge about energy and how we use it is our strongest weakness and our most gullible assumption.

Conducting Successful Energy Audits, J. M. Phillips, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Part of any successful energy management program is well designed and conducted energy audits. Basically, there are three types of energy audits. They are 1) Gross, 2) Detailed, and 3) Walk-Through Survey. Unfortunately, the literature seldom distinguishes between the three resulting in some confusion.

This paper helps clear that confusion by defining each type, giving examples of their application, and presenting directions or guidelines. Forms for each type of audit are included with the examples.

The forms and instructions have been developed under a program at Oklahoma State University designed to research and disseminate information to help industry better weather …

The Role Of The Energy Audit In Reducing Building Energy Consumption, William T. Snyder, Frederick W. Symonds, Richard J. Jendrucko

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The application of the energy audit process to the reduction of energy consumption in buildings is described. A methodology for selecting from an inventory of buildings those buildings which are candidates for a detailed energy audit is presented, and the analysis of energy consumption and cost savings resulting from implementation of energy conservation opportunities (ECO's) is detailed. A practical payback period formula is presented which includes escalating energy costs. The audit and analysis procedures are illustrated by two case studies.

Keynote Speech: New Energy Concepts -- Engineering Development Challenges, Joseph M. Marchello

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Bringing new energy concepts to commercialization presents formidable engineering challenges requiring considerable amounts of ingenuity and perseverance. Bolstered by the knowledge and experience gained from past accomplishments, engineers can face these challenges with the confidence and assurance that they can continue to create practical applications of science, especially in the pressing energy field.

The Effect Of Crude Oil Prices On The Output Composition Of Refined Petroleum Products, Angelos Pagoulatos, David L. Debertin, Emilio Pagoulatos

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In this study the crude petroleum market is linked to the market of refined petroleum products through a set of technological relationships. An econometric study is used to quantify the existing relevant variables. The price equations for each refined product are used to derive estimates of elasticities with respect to quantity supplied, price of domestic crude oil and price of imports.

Generation For Maximum System Efficiency, Charles A. Gross

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper presents a method for solving for the generation combination that supplies a specific load demand at maximum efficiency in a multigenerator power system. The method accounts for transmission losses using the B constant approach and generating losses using heat rate data. Results are presented for an example test system.

Energy Conservative Electric Lines-Now!, Paul F. Pugh, A. S. Yeranian

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper describes the components of a new energy conservative cable system and new methods to service prove new products without disturbing the existing power system. Methods are presented for attaching a new cable design to an existing system for a trial installation. It describes how field splices and taps are easily made to extend the line without a shutdown or disturbance.

Maxwellian Concepts Of Magnetro-Electrodynamics And The Reality Of Med Energy Producing Devices, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

"We can scarcely avoid the inference that light consists in the transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena."

Oklahoma's Energy Extension Service Program -- Past, Present And Future, John W. Willis Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The U. S. Department of Energy's Plan for a nationwide Energy Extension Service (EES) provides a genuine opportunity for states to establish a positive energy outreach program. This paper summarizes Oklahoma's previous involvement in EES and outlines items that should be considered in design of the future program.

A Strategy For The Practical Utilization Of Thorium Fuel Cycles, Paul R. Kasten

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There has been increasing interest in the utilization of thorium fuel cycles in nuclear power reactors for the past few years because of economic, fuel utilization, and pro- 1 iteration resistance factors. Also, it appears desirable to maintain the ratio of thermal reactors to fast reactors at a high value in the long term because of economic and proliferation resistance features. The analysis performed here concludes that the practical, early utilization of thorium fuel cycles in power reactors requires commercialization of HTGRs operating first on stowaway fuel cycles, followed by thorium fuel recycle. In the longer term, thorium utilization involves …

On The Thermodynamics Of Direct Energy Conversions, A. A. Rahman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

In this work, a generalized thermodynamic analysis was developed for direct energy converters that operate as heat engines. Examples for various converters as thermoelectric, MHD and Nernst generators were solved. The possibilities of utilizing these concepts on designing generators to convert heat or solar energy directly into electricity were also discussed.

Toward A Methodology For Evaluation Of Solar Systems, William P. Moran, Gene E. Kouba, Bruce V. Ketcham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The shortcomings and inconsistences of the typical return-on-capital evaluation are detailed. Generalizations of evaluation objectives and performance measures and data gathering objectives are given.

Methane Production From Livestock Wastes By Anaerobic Digestion, Panos Kokoropoulos, Harlan H. Bengtson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Increasing interest is being shown in anaerobic digestion as a process for both waste treatment and energy production. In this paper an experimental procedure for investigation of anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes is described, and data from experimental work is presented and analyzed. A model of anaerobic digestion is developed which includes conversion of soluble COD to volatile suspended solids by growth of microorganisms and solubilization of volatile suspended solids to soluble COD by enzymes. This model is used for the analysis of the experimental data.

Comparison Of Stirred And Immobilized Cell Reactors For Ethanol Production, Oliver C. Sitton, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass can be converted to sugars by hydrolysis with enzymes or mineral acids. These sugars can be converted into a number of chemical intermediates in biological reactors. Biological reactions are generally slow and selection of the most efficient reactor is important in these applications.

Immobilized cell reactors allow high cell densities and high throughput by attaching microorganisms to a fixed support. This paper compares the rate of production of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in a packed column and a stirred reactor.

Continuous stirred reactor studies showed a washout rate of .27 hr^-1. The optimum rate of …

Energy Is Not Just Flipping The Switch Any More, Alfred L. Ransome

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The energy industry -- or basically the mining industry -- is becoming more complex and costly. It is imperative that the facts pertaining to the mineral industry be disseminated to the layman; the best method in the long term is by way of science and economics in the schools -- kindergarten through high school. The Mineral Information Committee of the Colorado Section of the SME-AIME in cooperation with the Metro State College, Denver is embarking on such a program, and the newly developed magazine, "RESOURCES", is the vehicle for spreading the message through the classroom.

Recycle Inplant Air -- A Method Of Energy Conservation, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Air pollution in metal fabricating shops and other small industrial customers' shops, is a problem. This pollution may be present as non-toxic fumes or mist. Sources of these fumes and mist may be welding processes or metal machining. Unions and various government agencies may exert pressures to remove? this air pollution.

The historical method that has been used to remove these pollutants has been to exhaust air from the shop. The amount of exhaust air is normally very large so that mist and fumes can be diluted quickly. As the sources or amounts of air pollution increase so will the …

Sizing Of Air-Conditioning Systems -- The New Methodology, Harry J. Sauer Jr., Ronald Hunter Howell

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Accurate cooling load calculations for sizing air-conditioning equipment are more important today than ever. Properly sized equipment saves energy. This paper briefly describes a new method developed by ASHRAE for such calculations .

Energy Substitution Prospects, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any discussion about the future pattern of energy use invariably includes scernarios involving a switch-over to that source of energy which is available in abundant supply. It is taken for granted, for example, that coal will play a major role in the future and that the relative share of oil will decline with the passage of time. It is too simplistic to assume that a time series analysis will give the likely clues as to the pattern of switch-over from one source of energy to another. There has been a radical change in the structure of exchange relations between the …

Cost Accounting Regulations In Oil And Gas Industries, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda, Rao J. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The cost accounting methods that are currently used in the oil and gas Industry are very diverse. Since the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, increased attention was given to this issue, which resulted in the issuance of SFAS-19 by the FA SB and the SEC’s attempt to develop a new accounting method based on the value of their reserves. The pros and cons of the existing methods are discussed. Also discussed is the need for a uniform accounting procedure.

Input-Output Analysis Of Industrial Energy Consumption: Some Effects Of Changing Prices And Federal Regulation, John R. Griffith, Ruth Y. Griffith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Input-output data are used to indicate some possible effects on the industrial sector of government options relating to energy, and some results of the industrial conservation program are examined.

Design And Operational Characteristics Of A Retrofit Solar Heating System, D. J. Wetteroff, Bassem F. Armaly

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The construction and the operation of a retrofit solar assisted space heating system are described. Performance characteristics of each component were measured and used to estimate the contribution of solar energy to the yearly space heating energy requirements.

A Case Study Of Conservation In Space Heating Requirements Of A Single-Family Home, Robert M. Boeke

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy requirements for space heating in a single-family home were studied over a period of four heating seasons. The effects of added insulation, reduced thermostat settings and other conservation techniques were measured. The potential for energy conservation in residences, under actual living conditions, was clearly demonstrated.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.