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Articles 9301 - 9330 of 74045
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Adhd Knowledge: Support For Current Measures And Connections To Stigma And Intervention, Megan E. Golson
Adhd Knowledge: Support For Current Measures And Connections To Stigma And Intervention, Megan E. Golson
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at-risk for social, educational, and daily functioning challenges. Identifying ADHD and beginning intervention as early as possible improves outcomes for children with ADHD. Research suggests that parents, teachers, and the general population have more favorable opinions about ADHD interventions the more they know about ADHD. While many measures of ADHD knowledge have been created to measure this, there is little research on the validity of these measures. Further, additional research is needed to better understand relation between ADHD knowledge and intervention favorability. The two studies in this dissertation aim to fill these …
Do Physical Activity, Diet And Sex Modify The Association Between Neurotrophin Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And Insomnia?, Hector Leonardo Gonzalez
Do Physical Activity, Diet And Sex Modify The Association Between Neurotrophin Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And Insomnia?, Hector Leonardo Gonzalez
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Sleep disturbance is common in older adults at prevalence rates ranging between 30 - 50% in the United States. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a role in sleep (Bachmann et al., 2012) as do lifestyle factors such as physical activity (Dolezal et al., 2017) and diet. This study examined the associations of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs related to BDNF or its receptors and lifestyle factors of physical activity and diet, as well as their interactions on the risk for sleep disturbance in older adult males and females. This thesis examined existing data from the Cache …
Applying Exploratory Learning Methods To Sociopolitical Beliefs And Cognition., Sarah French
Applying Exploratory Learning Methods To Sociopolitical Beliefs And Cognition., Sarah French
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Americans are polarized along party lines across a variety of sociopolitical issues, including climate change and sustainability issues. Sociopolitical messaging often triggers biased processing that results in defensive rejection or biased elaboration (i.e., counterarguing) of belief-incongruent information. The current research examined whether exploratory learning activities, primarily applied in STEM-education research, can foster belief updating about polarized sustainability issues. Exploratory learning encourages people to engage with learning materials and arrive at their own conclusions before receiving direct instruction/messaging. In two experiments, participants reported their beliefs about carbon taxes and electric vehicle incentives (among other issues) before and after receiving counter-attitudinal persuasive …
Trajectories Of Depression Severity In The First Semester Of College, Nicole A. Kelso
Trajectories Of Depression Severity In The First Semester Of College, Nicole A. Kelso
Theses and Dissertations
Depression is a major public health concern among students in higher education. Prior work suggests that depressive symptoms increase during the transition to college. Transfer students face unique challenges during the transition to a new academic institution that may make them particularly vulnerable. There is a critical need to expand prevention efforts. Research that improves identification of students at greatest risk for developing impairing depressive symptoms, and etiological processes contributing to depressive symptoms could aid in the provision of limited prevention resources. Furthermore, longitudinal research tracking symptom trajectories during the transition to college could help inform the timing of preventive …
Understanding Road Users’ Use And Misuse Of Fluorescent And Retroreflective Materials At Night, Savana King
Understanding Road Users’ Use And Misuse Of Fluorescent And Retroreflective Materials At Night, Savana King
All Dissertations
Nighttime pedestrian fatality rates in the U.S. continue to rise. Nighttime visibility aids – including retroreflective garments – can enhance the conspicuity of pedestrians to drivers at night. Yet, pedestrians rarely take advantage of retroreflectivity and instead often wear fluorescent garments that are not useful at night. This research explored whether road users’ misunderstandings of two critical principles – retroreflectivity and fluorescence – support the misuse of visibility-enhancing garments. This project also explored whether materials that combine retroreflectivity and fluorescence (“combined-performance materials”) circumvent road users’ misconceptions. Two experiments quantified observers’ expectations for how bright fluorescent, retroreflective, or fluorescent-retroreflective materials will …
Differences In Risk And Protective Factors For Suicide In Latinx And White Lgb Adults, Maria Hernandez
Differences In Risk And Protective Factors For Suicide In Latinx And White Lgb Adults, Maria Hernandez
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Suicide in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) adults is on the rise, as well as those that identify as Latinx LGB. To identify those at risk and prevent future suicide, researchers rely heavily on risk and protective factors to determine those individuals that may be more susceptible to suicide. However, the existing research on these factors is very limited and has been hyper focused on internalizing factors that contribute to suicide risk. Additionally, research in LGB and Latinx populations is limited because researchers have focused mostly on White and heterosexual populations. This study identifies one risk and one protective factor …
Evaluating The Epidemiological, Hormonal, And Psychosocial Sex-Based Differences In Sports-Related Concussion Outcomes, Samantha Kanny
Evaluating The Epidemiological, Hormonal, And Psychosocial Sex-Based Differences In Sports-Related Concussion Outcomes, Samantha Kanny
All Dissertations
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) affect approximately 3.8 million athletes in the United States per year. A multitude of risk factors including age, sex, concussion history and prior medical conditions have been observed to significantly increase sports-related concussion symptom burden. Researchers have posited many reasons to explain sex-based differences in SRC outcomes, often categorized by biological characteristics or sociocultural factors, however, females are vastly underrepresented in sports-related concussion research, making it difficult to understand the true mechanisms underlying SRC sex-based differences. The goal of this dissertation is to help fill the current gap in knowledge on sex-based differences in sports-related concussion outcomes. …
Stress-Induced Oxytocin Reactivity As A Predictor Of Daily Support Seeking After Stress, Cecile Sunahara
Stress-Induced Oxytocin Reactivity As A Predictor Of Daily Support Seeking After Stress, Cecile Sunahara
Psychology Theses and Dissertations
The current study examined whether stress-induced peripheral oxytocin (OT) was associated with support-seeking behaviors after stress in daily life. Healthy male and female participants (N=94) performed a standardized laboratory stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and then completed two weeks of daily assessments of support seeking after stress. In line with preregistered hypotheses, plasma OT reactivity to the TSST (indexed as the area under the curve with respect to increase; AUCi) was associated with more frequent support seeking behaviors following stress in daily life. Moreover, this association was stronger for individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety, relative to …
Evaluation Of The Psychometric Properties Of The Social Communication Questionnaire In Rural Kenya, Patricia Kipkemoi, Jeanne Savage, Joseph Gona, Kenneth Rimba, Martha Kombe, Paul Mwangi, Collins Kipkoech, Danielle Posthuma, Charles Newton, Amina Abubakar
Evaluation Of The Psychometric Properties Of The Social Communication Questionnaire In Rural Kenya, Patricia Kipkemoi, Jeanne Savage, Joseph Gona, Kenneth Rimba, Martha Kombe, Paul Mwangi, Collins Kipkoech, Danielle Posthuma, Charles Newton, Amina Abubakar
Institute for Human Development, East Africa
Children can be reliably diagnosed with autism as early as 3 years of age, and early interventions are initiated. There is often a significant gap between the age of onset of symptoms (2–3 years) and diagnosis (8–10 years) in Africa. We conducted a study to validate the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) as a screening instrument in a rural setting in Kenya. The study was conducted along the Kenyan Coast. Study participants included 172 children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) diagnosis (84 of which were autism) and 112 controls. Internal consistency was evaluated through the use of Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor …
The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resiliency & Perceived Stress Regarding Academic Success Among Undergraduate Students, Leslie Simon
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This study explores the complex interplay between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), resilience, perceived stress, and their collective impact on academic success among undergraduate students. It aims to assess the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and investigate how they correlate with academic outcomes. The research focuses on the mediating role of resilience and the moderating effect of perceived stress in this relationship. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics and their implications for educational policies and mental health interventions. The goal is to inform strategies that enhance resilience, reduce stress, and support …
The Effect Of Animal-Assisted Therapy On Prosocial Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Developmental Delay: A Pilot Study, Emma Mitchell
Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, nonverbal communication, and repetitive patterns (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Indeed, autistic individuals have been shown to have greater challenges with developing, maintaining, and understanding social relationships which can persist over their lifetime. Early intervention services are recommended for autistic children when they are young to help promote positive skills to enhance their functioning within society and increase their wellbeing over time. This is an especially pressing issue as ASD rates are rising – with the latest data now suggesting 1 in 36 children have the …
Utilizing Art Therapy To Address Perfectionism In Patients Suffering From Eating Disorders: The Need To Diversify Treatment Approaches, Zara Goldberg
Utilizing Art Therapy To Address Perfectionism In Patients Suffering From Eating Disorders: The Need To Diversify Treatment Approaches, Zara Goldberg
Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses
Perfectionistic behaviors are highly common in people with eating disorders. This study investigates the relationship between perfectionism, shame, and the ways in which art therapy can be utilized as a primary tool in eating disorder treatment. Based on the research below and the results of this study, integrating art therapy protocols in combination with talk based theoretical work around perfectionism can improve recovery and decrease struggles with perfectionism in persons with eating disorders. Patients at a residential eating disorder center participated in four consecutive weekly group therapy sessions that integrated art therapy protocols into a preexisting talk therapy based group …
The Art Of Hoarding: Hoarding Behavior As It Relates To Art Engagement, Amanda Carr
The Art Of Hoarding: Hoarding Behavior As It Relates To Art Engagement, Amanda Carr
Honors College Theses
There has been a long history of artists as collectors, amassing objects as both part of their creative process and for personal enjoyment. However, it remains to be seen if some of the more extreme collecting tendencies of artists may be instead classified as hoarding. Although, there has been some examination of the relationship between artists and creativity to hoarding, there is a dearth of empirical investigation into the relationship between art engagement and hoarding behavior. Further, artists’ and hoarding behavior are mutually associated with some personality traits and cognitive functions. Given such parallels and the overall lack of research …
The Role Of Attachment And Childhood Trauma For Men Parenting During The Reentry Phase: A Mixed Methods Secondary Analysis, Lily A. Hoerner
The Role Of Attachment And Childhood Trauma For Men Parenting During The Reentry Phase: A Mixed Methods Secondary Analysis, Lily A. Hoerner
Master's Theses
Mass incarceration is a major problem in the U.S., with people of color being the ones most affected by it. Most of the people who are incarcerated are men, and a stark number of these men are parents. Reentry is a critical period for people released where they return home to their communities and families and have to reintegrate into life outside of prison. The recidivism rate in the U.S. is the highest of any other nation, making reentry an important area of focus to help repair the harms caused by mass incarceration. Many men who return home from incarceration …
Dazed & Confused... And... Psychotic?, Judy Ann Clausen, Joanmarie I. Davoli, Benjamin W. Lacy Md
Dazed & Confused... And... Psychotic?, Judy Ann Clausen, Joanmarie I. Davoli, Benjamin W. Lacy Md
UF Law Faculty Publications
This Article examines marijuana’s impact on developing brains. Secondly, this Article explores the Green Rush – the rise of the multibillion-dollar marijuana industry and the media and legal environment that unleashed massive marijuana commercialization. The Article compares decriminalization with commercialization, illustrating that it is possible to address social justice concerns of arrests, incarceration, and criminal records for marijuana use without unleashing a multibillion-dollar industry that markets to youth. The Article concludes by exploring approaches from Australia, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, all of which continue to criminalize marijuana, in part because they have observed the U.S. Green Rush and its …
Using Empathy To Shift Climate Change Attitudes., Carson Haller
Using Empathy To Shift Climate Change Attitudes., Carson Haller
Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses
It has shifted from a hunch to an existential threat, it is a harbinger of disaster and bankruptcy, backed by science, and yet a considerable portion of Americans still believe that climate change is a hoax. It is becoming increasingly imperative to convince this portion to join the fight. It has been found that empathy is an effective method of persuasion, prompting the question of whether empathy could be used shift climate change attitudes. The hypothesis of this study was that if a person feels empathy for somebody harmed by the effects of climate change, they will be more willing …
How Many Parents Regret Having Children?, Payton M. Wooster
How Many Parents Regret Having Children?, Payton M. Wooster
Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
The present study experimentally investigates the number of parents who truly regret having their children. By using an unmatched count technique developed by Gervais and Njale (2020), participants (N = 751) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: an experimental “yes/no” agreement condition, the “target statement present” counting condition, and the “target statement not present” counting condition. Participants were also asked different questions regarding marital status, whether they had a disorder diagnosis, had a history of their parents being divorced, and other suspected moderator variables. Regret of having children was reported significantly less compared to previous studies (Piotrowski et …
How Others Influence Our Identity: The Effects Of Closeness, Self-Verification, Need Fulfillment, And Self-Disclosure, Lucie G. Taylor
How Others Influence Our Identity: The Effects Of Closeness, Self-Verification, Need Fulfillment, And Self-Disclosure, Lucie G. Taylor
Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Relationships and identity are fundamental aspects of the human experience. Thus, it is vital for us to understand how these two factors are connected. In the present study, I hope to further advance our understanding by identifying psychological mechanisms that occur between individuals and close others, which could be related to their identity. Two hundred participants were recruited using Prolific, a crowd-sourcing platform for research, and they were paid $2.00 each for participation. Through a self-report survey, participants were asked to measure their Sense of Identity (SOI) on an eight-item scale. Then, they were asked to think of someone who …
Housing As A Determinant Of Health: Exploring The Role Of Housing And Homelessness Organizations In Increasing Access To Resources And Overcoming Barriers To Adequate And Healthy Homes, Jennifer C. Martin
Master's Theses
Across the United States, there are a multitude of barriers that stand in the way of obtaining adequate housing and additional resources that can assist with accessing housing. These barriers disproportionately impact low-income individuals and communities (Gold, 2016), and further contribute to inequity by negatively impacting the health of these individuals and communities (Swope & Hernández, 2019; Taylor, 2018). The current study explores housing organizations’ potential role in overcoming these barriers by focusing on the work of one housing organization in the Greater New Haven and Fairfield Counties of Connecticut: New Reach. 17 participants enrolled in New Reach programs were …
Little Lil's Big Adventure: How I Wrote A Children's Book On Adoption, Lilia Moritz
Little Lil's Big Adventure: How I Wrote A Children's Book On Adoption, Lilia Moritz
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Being adopted is a unique and complex experience; one of which can be expressed and learned about through children’s literature. The research behind writing a book on adoption includes adoption statistics, actions taken by adoptive parents, cognitive development of adoptees, windows and mirrors in books, adoption documentation from adoptive parents, authors and their relation to adoption, and how biological and adoptive parents are portrayed within the books. My methods included observing and looking at other children’s literature, creating my storyline, using pictures from my own story, and the publishing will be done after this project. Limitations involved include having a …
The Development Of Children's Causal Language, Karima Elgamal
The Development Of Children's Causal Language, Karima Elgamal
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
In order to talk about mechanical support (e.g., girl adheres a picture to a box), children must not only represent the relevant components (actor, action, figure, spatial relation, ground) but also map them onto linguistic structures (e.g., NP, VP, NP, PP). Although research has explored how children linguistically encode states of mechanical support (picture adhering to box), little research has explored how children encode mechanical support events - representations that involve knowledge of event causality as well as states (the picture adheres to a box because the girl used an adhesive mechanism). The current study tests whether children 3-to 5-years …
A Qualitative And Quantitative Review Of The Terms "Job" And "Organization" From The Employee's Perspective, Nirvana Mejia
A Qualitative And Quantitative Review Of The Terms "Job" And "Organization" From The Employee's Perspective, Nirvana Mejia
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This study explores how employees perceive workplace constructs like job satisfaction and differentiate them between their job and organization. It highlights the importance of avoiding mistaken associations, known as the "jingle fallacy," which can oversimplify workplace dynamics. The research includes two studies, one qualitative with 12 participants discussing their job and organization, and one quantitative with 197 to 252 participants assessing job satisfaction dimensions. Findings indicate that people generally mention tasks when discussing their job and broader organizational aspects when discussing their organization. The majority of job satisfaction dimensions fall into a mixed category, with Regular Tasks being the only …
The Link Between Gender, Sexual Orientation, And The Perception Of Cheating Behaviors, Rachel Sivan Anca
The Link Between Gender, Sexual Orientation, And The Perception Of Cheating Behaviors, Rachel Sivan Anca
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
A unique challenge bisexuality faces within the LGBTQIA+ community is bisexual erasure. The legitimacy of bisexuality is often questioned, with bisexual men being seen as “actually gay” and bisexual women as “actually straight” (Matsick & Rubin, 2018; Petsko & Vogler, 2023; Yost & Thomas, 2012). Additionally, research regarding bisexual stigmatization has found a gender disparity, with reports of more negative attitudes toward bisexual men compared to bisexual women (Feinstein et al., 2022; Yost & Thomas, 2012). This study aimed to explore perceptions of cheating behavior and sexual orientation in relation to gender. Participants (N = 264) were presented with scenarios …
Multicultural Competency In Police And Public Safety Evaluations, Kenny Gonzalez
Multicultural Competency In Police And Public Safety Evaluations, Kenny Gonzalez
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
With the changing demographics of the United States (US), police and public safety (PPS) psychologists are examining a more diverse PPS candidate pool. While previous research has found questionable culturally competent practices in specialties like forensic psychology practice, little is known about such practices among PPS assessment psychologists—the very specialist who screen prospective employees for public safety positions, like police officers, firefighters, and dispatchers. Accordingly, the current study investigated diversity, multicultural competence, bias, and debiasing strategies among PPS psychologists. A set of exploratory aims investigated the convergent validity of the Modern Racism Scale (MRS), an ad-hoc measure of attitudes toward …
Client Treatment Preferences In Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy For Depression In Participants With Depressive Symptoms, Alyssa B. Oliva
Client Treatment Preferences In Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy For Depression In Participants With Depressive Symptoms, Alyssa B. Oliva
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research on psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), a promising treatment option for major depression, has not revealed if potential clients show preferences about the demographic characteristics of providers comparable to those common in other forms of psychotherapy. Previous work suggests that honoring comparable client preferences can enhance therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to investigate the importance ratings for a same-gender and a same-race therapist in both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and PAT.
Clarifying The Relationship Between Weight Suppression And Eating Psychopathology: The Role Of Fear Of Weight Gain And Intolerance Of Uncertainty, Danielle Elizabeth Peters
Clarifying The Relationship Between Weight Suppression And Eating Psychopathology: The Role Of Fear Of Weight Gain And Intolerance Of Uncertainty, Danielle Elizabeth Peters
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Objective: Weight suppression (WS), the discrepancy between a person’s highest and current body weight, is largely associated with eating pathology in clinical and non-clinical samples. WS may put individuals in a biobehavioral bind: biological factors may drive the body toward weight regain, which in turn drives eating disorder (ED) behaviors in an attempt to prevent weight regain. However, few studies have examined psychological factors that may play a role in the biobehavioral bind of WS. As such, the present study aimed to (1) whether WS was associated with fear of weight gain (FOWG) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and (2) …
The Role Of Self-Determination Theory In Explaining The Relationship Of Challenge Demands With Engagement And Burnout, Andrew Decesare
The Role Of Self-Determination Theory In Explaining The Relationship Of Challenge Demands With Engagement And Burnout, Andrew Decesare
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation sought to provide a more cohesive theoretical basis for the appraisal of challenge demands and demonstrate that engagement manifests through authentic self-expression in addition to the employment of personal energetic resources. Research has substantiated that employees can appraise the same job demands differently. However, the factors influencing the appraisal process has garnered limited focus to this point. Using self-determination theory as a basis, it was hypothesized that employees’ perceptions of challenge demands would be based on the aspirations (i.e., life goals) they valued and the level of autonomy they were afforded in their job. Employees who made greater …
Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Self-Paced, Online Workshop Targeting Self-Compassion Skills For Emerging Adults With Disordered Eating, Arielle Wolinsky
Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Self-Paced, Online Workshop Targeting Self-Compassion Skills For Emerging Adults With Disordered Eating, Arielle Wolinsky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present paper includes two studies that explored the relevancy of self-compassion to emerging adults, expectancies of having a self-compassion mindset on disordered eating, and the prospective and concurrent acceptability and feasibility of a self-paced, online workshop targeting self-compassion skills for emerging adults with disordered eating. Study 1 was a cross- sectional study examining emerging adults’ understanding of self-compassion, expectancies of having a self-compassion mindset on disordered eating, and the feasibility and prospective acceptability of a proposed self-paced, online workshop targeting self-compassion skills for emerging adults with disordered eating. Study 1’s findings were incorporated into the design and implementation of …
Relating Perception And Memory For A Novel Set Of Reconfigurable Auditory Stimuli, Nathan Francis Gillespie
Relating Perception And Memory For A Novel Set Of Reconfigurable Auditory Stimuli, Nathan Francis Gillespie
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although real-life events are complex and temporally extended, most memory research employs discrete, static stimuli presented in the visual modality. We begin to bridge this gap using a novel set of auditory stimuli constructed by adjusting the distribution of power across upper frequency bands. Across three experiments, participants rated similarity between pairs of sounds and engaged in a recognition memory task. We applied non-metric multidimensional scaling to similarity ratings to obtain a three-dimensional psychological representation of the stimuli. The representation inferred from the similarity ratings predicted recognition memory performance for single probe sounds following sequential presentation of two sounds. Recognition …
Survival Of The Optimist: How Emotion Words Are Processed Within The Survival Paradigm, Dailyn Quinn Clark
Survival Of The Optimist: How Emotion Words Are Processed Within The Survival Paradigm, Dailyn Quinn Clark
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Memory for words encoded for their fitness relevance is enhanced compared to memory for words encoded based on relevance to other scenarios (Nairne et al., 2007). Much of the work examining emotion within the survival paradigm has focused on the presented scenarios (Bell et al., 2013; Kazanas & Altarriba, 2017, 2018; Kroneisen et al., 2022). However, no work has yet to focus on the emotionality of the information that is being encoded. A possible contributor to the advantage may be the emotional valence of the encoded items, as emotion has been known to have effects on memory (Dev et al., …