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Psychology And Neuroscience Interactions: Roles, Challenges, And Breakthroughs, Xiaolan Fu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Psychology and neuroscience are deeply cross-fertilized to reveal the neural mechanisms of psychological processes and to promote the precise diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases. Psychology and neuroscience need to further break down disciplinary boundaries in the future to jointly address the complex challenges of human mental and brain health. This study discusses the role of psychology in the interaction with neuroscience, analyzes the challenges facing the interaction between the two parties as well as the direction of future breakthroughs, and uses a community-based population-based cohort study of depression as an example to further illustrate the multiple challenges of such …

Examining Psychosocial Stressors Among African American Women With Postpartum Depression, Audrey Rose Morris

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Psychosocial stressors are among the causative factors of postpartum depression (PPD) in African American women. This study was a qualitative meta-analysis examining the psychosocial stressors that contribute to PPD among African American women. The aim was to identify the psychosocial stressors among African American women with PPD by examining existing literature and identifying common themes. The integrative model (IM) by Fishbein and Yzer assisted in understanding the significance of psychosocial stressors in African American women with PPD. Thematic analysis was used to generate new, more substantive meanings than those taken from individual investigations. Ten research studies were selected and examined …

The Impact Of Risk And Trust On Confrontations Of Sexism: The Role Of Goals, Emily H. Budde

Dissertations

Sexism is still persistent in the United States (Swim et al., 2001), especially in the workplace (Fitzgerald, 1993; Loy & Stewart, 1984), leading to many negative outcomes for women. Unfortunately, there is an assumption in America that targets of bias will confront the perpetrator in the moment. However, this is often not the case leading to a disconnect in society at the cost of the target (Gutek & O’Connor, 1995). Looking at targets’ decision-making process and the factors that influence it can provide more context for why targets respond the way they do. I tested whether behaviors following bias (i.e., …

The Role Of Affect In Regulating The Influence Of Belief Superiority On Open-Minded Cognition And Information Selection Bias, Whinda Yustisia

Dissertations

Previous studies show that people high in belief superiority tend to hold higher attitude confidence and certainty, increasing information selection bias. However, it remained unclear why and when such an effect occurred. Two studies were conducted to address these questions. Study 1 aimed to examine the effect of belief superiority on information selection bias and its potential mediator: situation-specific open-minded cognition (SOMC). In line with the logic of earned dogmatism hypothesis, I posit that belief superiority induces a sense of entitlement to be close-minded, consequently leading to information selection bias. In study 2, I examined the role of affect (happy/sad) …

Exploring The Relationship Of Social Dominance Orientation, Symbolic Ableism, And Support For Mitigation Implementation With Exposure To A Health Threat, Samantha Chambers

Master's Theses

Social Dominance Theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) proposes that groups of individuals in society are organized in social hierarchies that place dominant groups at the top of the hierarchy and subordinate, disadvantaged groups at the bottom. Research on prejudice, discrimination, and intergroup relations has largely focused on sexism and arbitrary-set hierarchies (e.g., race), leaving the idea of a health hierarchy largely neglected. Recently, Raoul (2023) presented the theoretical framework of a health-based social hierarchy, and the present study is an application of this framework. The aims of this study were to a) replicate previous findings by Raoul (2023) that found …

Cues And Identity: Assessing Substance Use Cues, Life Experience, And Context, Katelynn Carlsen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This project employs Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods alongside semi-structured interviews to examine substance use cues, or “triggers”, in the everyday context. This includes repeated assessment of participants’ behaviors and thoughts over time. EMA allows researchers to sample phenomena the moment they occur within the context. These methods are most used in psychology and clinical science. Current research on substance use relies on lab-based assessments to understand cues and their relationship to consumption (Carter and Tiffany 1999, Conklin and Tiffany 2003, Witteman et al. 2015). This analysis uses data collected by the Cues in the Everyday (CITED) Team. The CITED …

Understanding Public Support For Juneteenth As A Federal Holiday, Amy Ehinomen Eremionkhale, Iván Flores Martínez, Wendy Zhou

Business Analytics Faculty Publications

This study investigates the factors influencing public support of Juneteenth becoming a federal holiday in the United States. Leveraging the Affect, Behavior, and Cognition (ABC) model, we uncover nuanced relationships that shape individual policy attitudes by adding family and community traditions to the model. Our findings show that positive beliefs, emotions, and preferences for celebrating with family or friends increase support, while negative perceptions, commercialization of the holiday, and conservatism decrease it. Polarization perceptions reduced support, but only for the general population. Interestingly, our findings reveal that family traditions of celebrating Juneteenth during childhood have varying effects across different racial …

Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence— 16-Item (Sepi-16) Manual (2nd Edition, Extended Version), John D. Mayer, A. T. Panter, David R. Caruso

UNH Personality Lab

No abstract provided.

Law Enforcement Variables Inquiry (Levi): Evaluation Of Stress And Burnout For Law Enforcement Officers In Today's Chaotic Political Environment, Christina M. Golovanoff

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Tensions have been heating up nationwide in response to police-involved shootings-particularly in the wake of the death of George Floyd on May 25, 2020. For the last few years, riots and violence have been flooding the streets of major cities across the United States. Portland, Oregon in particular has had a significant amount of turbulence. Though some peaceful protests have taken place, many violent events have flooded the city and spilled into surrounding areas. Local businesses and residents have been affected. Crime data shows an increase in violent crimes, over the last 2 years, and law enforcement officer numbers dramatically …

Lean Implementation Difference Between Lean Maturity, Psychological Well-Being, And Employee Engagement Of Nurses In A Hospital Setting, Kevin E. Smith

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative study examined the differences of Lean implementation in three settings; (a hospital in a health system where Lean is implemented throughout the system, a hospital that has implemented Lean in a health system that has not implemented Lean, a hospital that has not implemented Lean in a health system that has not implemented Lean) between LM, PWB, and EE among nurses in a hospital setting. The theoretical construct of the job demands-resources model is used to base the study. Three survey instruments (Psychological Well-Being Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Lean Healthcare Implementation Self-Assessment Instrument) were self-administered by registered …

Skinny And Curvy And Muscular, Oh My! Examining Co-Occurring Appearance Ideals And Associated Disordered Eating In College Women, Laura E. Boyajian

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Research examining appearance ideal internalization has primarily focused on the thin ideal, neglecting the growing importance of alternative appearance ideals (e.g., curvy, muscular). Qualitatively, women report that these ideals are not internalized in isolation, but instead, are internalized simultaneously. Importantly, the simultaneous internalization of appearance ideals may enhance the negative effects of appearance ideal internalization. The current study tested whether simultaneously internalizing diverse appearance ideals (i.e., thin, curvy, muscular) was associated with increased body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors in a predominantly White (Study 1; N= 260) and racially/ethnically diverse (Study 2; N=264) samples of college-aged women. Participants reported the …

From Guns To Intimate Partner Violence: The Impact Of Power And Control, Meaghan E. Brown

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Gun violence and intimate partner violence are pervasive public health concerns across the globe. Notably, previous literature has shown a positive relationship between gun ownership and intimate partner violence (IPV), even when a gun is not used during acts of IPV. Despite this established link, few studies to date have explored psychological mechanisms, especially feelings of and desire for power, that could explain this relationship among young men. Given that college students remain one of the most at-risk groups for both victimization and perpetration of IPV, examining the relationship between actual or intended gun ownership and IPV could close vital …

Trajectories Of Well-Being: Results From The Americans’ Changing Lives Study, Cassondra M. Lyman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There is considerable interest in elucidating the dynamics of well-being over long periods of time, including how well-being dynamics are influenced by depression. The Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study has followed the health and well-being of a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States for 25 years (N1986 = 3,617; N1989 = 2,867; N1994 = 2,562; N2002 = 1,787, N2012 = 1,427). Leveraging data from the ACL study, the present investigation employed growth mixture models to identify unobserved subpopulations (i.e., latent classes) typified by change in well-being over time. Three predominant trajectories for well-being were identified: relative stability …

The Impact Of Social Stress And Alcohol Intoxication On Cognitive Processes Among College Students With Heavy Episodic Drinking, Caroline R. Scherzer

LSU Master's Theses

College students with high social anxiety and heavy episodic drinking appear to consume alcohol more frequently and at greater quantities, presumably because individuals with higher trait social anxiety may be more responsive to the stress-response dampening effects of alcohol in social contexts due to appraisal disruption and activation of implicit social cognitions. However, little work has tested this hypothesis within a controlled lab-based setting. The current study tested whether the sequence of alcohol intoxication and induction of an anticipatory social stressor interacts with trait social anxiety to predict changes in anticipatory social anxiety, craving, implicit drinking identity, and implicit self-esteem. …

Understanding Political Rigidity: Exploring The Epistemic Underpinnings Of Political Ideology, Chad Mitchel Osteen

Dissertations

The ideology as motivated social cognition model conceptualizes conservatism in terms of two unique constructs: political conservatism and psychological conservatism. The former pertains to a predisposition to specific ideological beliefs (e.g., resistance to change), while the latter pertains to the psychological traits that are associated with particular ideologies (e.g., negativity bias). Experimental research demonstrates the mechanistic relationship of epistemic motivations and emergent political behavior. Much of the evidence lies in explicitly ideological outcomes. The current proposal seeks to test the fundamental assumption in this body of work. This is the assumption that increased epistemic motivation should lead to a preference …

The Nexus Of Passive-Avoidant Leadership And Deviancy: Exploring Job Embeddedness, Anthony Maurice Da Silva

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, employers have experienced unprecedented changes in the workforce, including labor shortages and new legislation. As a result, many organizations, known as second-chance employers, proactively seek alternative talent sources to mitigate staffing shortages, including hiring candidates with criminal backgrounds, either voluntarily or as mandated by law. However, this approach has challenges; individuals with criminal records often lack essential support upon reentry and experience an increased risk of reoffending. Although existing literature indicates that the appropriate leadership style is crucial for behavior correction, there is a gap in the literature addressing employees who work for …

The Influence Of Working Memory And Anxiety In Adolescents, Donna M. Ward

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Literature supports a reliable link between lower working memory (WM) performance and higher anxiety, and both anxiety and WM are reported as comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This study sought to understand to what extent WM deficits and anxiety exists in adolescent NDD and non-NDD groups. Participants (N = 11,400; ages 9-10) were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study archived dataset, with the approval of the NIMH approval. Participants in the dataset were recruited from 21 sites across the U.S. A Mann-Whitney U test, comparing the NDD (N=2756) and non-NDD (N=8644) groups was statistically significant, noting a …

Parenting Practices To Have Assisted In Academic Success Of Undergraduate Students, Dorothy Michelle Fyfe

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Prior research reflects that parental involvement has a positive effect on students’ academic performance. Limitations in the research include the use of quantitative methods, the reporting by parents, and parent involvement measured through school activities. It is unknown what parenting practices are perceived as helpful from students themselves. Therefore, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the parenting practices perceived by undergraduate students to have assisted in their academic success. This research explored how undergraduate students explain parenting practices perceived to have assisted in their academic success, how they describe the communication with their parents that assisted in …

Variables Predicting Turnover Intention Among Mental Health And Addictions Therapists, Deborah J. Milanek

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this research study was to explore the correlations between pay satisfaction, burnout, workload, and flexible work arrangements on turnover intention among mental health and addictions therapists. Previous research studies indicate that turnover may negatively affect patient care, increase cost to employers, decrease workplace morale and increase workload demands for remaining therapists. Some research studies have also found that pay satisfaction, burnout, workload, and flexible work arrangements may be related to turnover intention. This study planned to support current research as well as determine the strength of the correlation between each of these variables and turnover intention. To …

A Missed Opportunity: The Relationship Between Language, Cognition, And Poverty In Early Childhood Among Bilingual Children, Saskia Barboza

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Human development is a continuous process with critical periods, and early childhood is part of that process, with internal changes prompted by external factors. An essential part of human development is language acquisition and cognitive skills which are shaped by heredity, brain structure, personal differences, social interaction, and socioeconomic background. In recent decades the exposure to multiple languages at home has been growing, causing differences between the language status (bilingual or monolingual) and the executive functions of developing children. Some previous studies have pointed out cognitive differences in bilingual children, while others have not. The present study observed three variables …

Intersection Between Psychopathy And Aggression In Correctional Officers, Lindsay Bergeson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Excessive use of force incidents within the last decade has resulted in high media coverage. One consequence of this high media coverage is the community more frequently questioning the personality characteristics of police and correctional officers. While the literature has begun to dive into the maladaptive traits of police officers and its relationship to excessive use of force, research on this topic in correctional institutions is scarce. The present study examined the relationship between psychopathy, aggression, and use of force in 27 correctional officers (COs) in Minnesota. The study collected self-report data from COs enrolled in Crisis Intervention Training. Using …

Improving Academic Engagement And Task Completion Using Antecedent Physical Exercise In An Elementary School Classroom, Grace N. Maxwell

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effectiveness of antecedent physical activity interventions in enhancing academic engagement and task completion among first-grade students displaying off-task behaviors. The research involved three student participants from a first grade general education classroom. An ABAB reversal design was used to assess the impact of the intervention. The intervention, implemented by the classroom teacher, consisted of short, structured physical activities conducted before targeted academic periods. Results revealed significant improvements in both academic engagement and task completion following the implementation of the physical activity interventions. The findings suggest that incorporating brief physical activities into daily classroom routines can lead …

The Relationship Between Rejection Sensitivity And Higher Order Cognitive Functions, Rachel Gaynor

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rejection sensitivity indexes individual differences in the expectation of, reaction to, and interpretation of possible rejection. Research on mechanisms underlying these individual differences have identified a reduction in top-down emotion regulatory processes in those exhibiting heightened rejection sensitivity. Most of these studies utilize rejection-specific affective stimuli. This study examined the relationship between rejection sensitivity score, calculated from the 18-question RSQ, and the recruitment of higher level inhibition resources, as indexed by the conflict N2, on three novel Flanker tasks. In order to further examine previously identified patterns in affective inhibition across differing levels of rejection sensitivity, and to determine whether …

A Transtheoretical Model Of Open Science Adoption: A Survey Among Researchers Within Psychology, Julia B. Mcdonald

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Open science refers to practices that aim to improve the accessibility, transparency, inclusivity, and reproducibility of science. These practices can accelerate scientific innovation by increasing the accuracy and efficiency of the scientific process and by enhancing the translation of scientific knowledge beyond academia. However, inspiring researchers to adopt open science practices and make sustainable changes in their workflows remains a challenge. Even within psychology, a field that has been central to discussions of open science reform, there seems to be varying levels of readiness to adopt open science practices. This study aimed to support open science efforts by providing a …

Peritraumatic Distress And Dissociation In People With And Without Disabilities Utilizing Emergency Departments, Sydney C. Hart

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

To date the literature on peritraumatic distress and peritraumatic dissociation in individuals receiving emergency medical treatment has not examined people with disabilities or chronic health conditions as a specified population, despite these populations’ disproportional utilization of medical facilities and additional stressors faced in those environments. Thus, this study assessed and compared the prevalence and averages on the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) in people with and without disabilities and/or chronic health conditions after Emergency Department (ED) visits. A sample of 138 participants 18 years of age or older, of which 109 reported disabilities and/or chronic …

Consumer Behavior Analysis Approach To Teacher Choice Of Reading Interventions, Rochelle N. Picardo

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The use of Evidence-based Practices (EBPs) in schools is heavily emphasized in educational research and policy; however, many teachers do not use EBPs for reading instruction and intervention. Previous research on the limited use of EBPs in classrooms has primarily focused on teacher characteristics, such as their attitudes or beliefs toward these practices. As an alternative to this view, this study applied a behavioral economic approach to understanding teacher choice (i.e., EBPs over other alternatives, such as interventions with a base of limited empirical support; low-value practices [LVPs]). Hypothetical Intervention Choice Tasks were developed and used to evaluate how both …

The Intersection Of Disability, Gender, And Sexual Violence Perceptions In Juror Decision-Making, Melissa West

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual violence is a societal epidemic and disproportionally affects disabled women. Disabled women belong to an intersectional identity that also experiences more negative attitudes, stigma, stereotypes, and discrimination than nondisabled individuals. In sexual assault cases, juror biases may translate into more detrimental attitudes toward disabled victims. The purpose of this study was to examine how these attitudes may impact outcomes in sexual assault trials when comparing disabled and nondisabled female victims. This study was conducted through the lens of just-world theory and feminist disability theory using a quantitative, experimental jury simulation design. The 304 participants in an online survey designed …

Predictors Of Help Seeking Among Asian Americans With Chronic Pain, Cory Duffield

Clinical Psychology Dissertations

Purpose: Chronic pain can contribute to both physical discomfort and psychological distress. Psychological distress may sometimes increase the odds of seeking help for pain. On the other hand, factors such as attitudes towards receiving help and the need to present oneself as perfect may constitute barriers to seeking help for pain. However, relatively little research has examined such processes in Asian American individuals experiencing chronic pain.

Aim: This study aimed to better understand, in Asian Americans that reported chronic pain, the relationships among distress, help-seeking attitudes, perfectionistic self-presentation (PSP) in predicting help-seeking behaviors. It tested whether higher distress would predict …

Childhood Trauma, Attachment, And Adult Leadership Styles, Joshua S. Duncan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Past researchers have shown relationships between leadership styles and attachment and that secure attachment is positively related to transformational leadership. However, there is a gap in the research on how childhood trauma and attachment security relate to leadership styles in adults. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how childhood trauma and attachment security relate to transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership styles. Social cognitive theory and attachment theory grounded this study. In this quantitative study, the specific research design was comparative. SurveyMonkey was used to gather data from supervisor/manager leaders who were recruited on social media (N = …

The Intersection Of Disability, Gender, And Sexual Violence Perceptions In Juror Decision-Making, Melissa West

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual violence is a societal epidemic and disproportionally affects disabled women. Disabled women belong to an intersectional identity that also experiences more negative attitudes, stigma, stereotypes, and discrimination than nondisabled individuals. In sexual assault cases, juror biases may translate into more detrimental attitudes toward disabled victims. The purpose of this study was to examine how these attitudes may impact outcomes in sexual assault trials when comparing disabled and nondisabled female victims. This study was conducted through the lens of just-world theory and feminist disability theory using a quantitative, experimental jury simulation design. The 304 participants in an online survey designed …