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Does Relationship Conflict Reduce Novel Idea Communication Through Perceived Leader Openness? Power Distance Orientation As A Moderator, Ming-Hong Tsai

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate why followers have low perceptions of leader openness and thus feel reluctant to communicate novel ideas by examining leader–follower relationship conflict (i.e. interpersonal incompatibility) and a follower’s power distance orientation (i.e. an acceptance of uneven power distribution in organizations) as antecedents. Design/methodology/approach: The research administrators conducted a three-wave work behavior survey in Study 1, a laboratory experiment in Study 2, and an online experiment in Study 3. Findings: The results demonstrated that leader–follower relationship conflict reduced followers’ perceptions of leader openness. However, the negative impact of relationship conflict became non-significant when followers have high …

Registered Replication Report: A Large Multilab Cross-Cultural Conceptual Replication Of Turri Et Al. (2015), Braeden Hall, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan Wagge, Savannah C. Lewis, Sophia C. Weissgerber, Felix Kiunke, ..., Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

According to the justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge, people can truly know something only if they have a belief that is both justified and true (i.e., knowledge is JTB). This account was challenged by Gettier, who argued that JTB does not explain knowledge attributions in certain situations, later called “Gettier-type cases,” wherein protagonists are justified in believing something to be true, but their belief was correct only because of luck. Laypeople may not attribute knowledge to protagonists with justified but only luckily true beliefs. Although some research has found evidence for these so-called Gettier intuitions, Turri et al. …

Deliberately Making And Correcting Errors In Mathematical Problem-Solving Practice Improves Procedural Transfer To More Complex Problems, Janson Boon Khang Yap, Sarah Shi Hui Wong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

How can students effectively learn and transfer mathematical procedures to solve new problems? Here, we tested the effects of deliberately committing and correcting errors during mathematical problem-solving practice on transfer of the learned procedures. In two experiments, university students were instructed on mathematical algorithms (synthetic division and matrix multiplication) and solved practice problems during open-book study. Learners were then tested on flexibly adapting the algorithms to solve novel problems that were structurally more complex or embedded in “real-life” scenarios (i.e., mathematical word problems). Deliberately committing and correcting procedural errors during problem-solving practice yielded better transfer than errorless repeated practice (Experiment …

Investigating Gender Bias In Large Language Models Through Text Generation, Shweta Soundararajan, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have swiftly become essential tools across diverse text generation applications. However, LLMs also raise significant ethical and societal concerns, particularly regarding potential gender biases in the text they produce. This study investigates the presence of gender bias in four LLMs: ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Llama 2 7B, and Llama 2 13B. By generating a gendered language dataset using these LLMs, focusing on sentences about men and women, we analyze the extent of gender bias in their outputs. Our evaluation is two-fold: we use the generated dataset to train a gender stereotype detection task and measure gender …

Does Job Satisfaction Take A Hit? The Relationships Between Employee Cannabis Use, Job Satisfaction, And Absenteeism, Caroline Jordan Moughan

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Despite the frequency of cannabis use, limited research has examined how employees’ cannabis use relates to job attitudes and behaviors. This study responds to calls to examine the effects of employee cannabis use on work-relevant outcomes by exploring how employee cannabis use relates to job satisfaction and voluntary absenteeism by analyzing a sample of 526 employed young adults from the most recent three waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) Child and Young Adult Cohort. Through estimating cross-lagged panel models, this study clarifies the direction of relationships between employee cannabis use and job satisfaction, and how these relate …

Pedestrian-Motorist Self-Reported Behavioral Intentions Toward Using Alternative And Standard Safety Infrastructure, Emma Sunshine Hood

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The increasing trend in pedestrian-motorist incidents on American roadways warrants a novel solution for improving roadway safety. Alternative crosswalk designs have piqued communities both in the United States and abroad. Designs range from slight changes in colors to extravagant illusions of the roadway falling beneath users. These crosswalk designs are not novel, literature on their efficacy as safety infrastructure is modest with mixed results. The purpose of the study was to expand the current literature on alternative crosswalk designs. The author hypothesized that the differences in behavioral intentions at alternative and standard safety infrastructure would be greater for younger male …

Examining The Effects Of Video Camera Angles On Interpersonal Impressions, Rachel Valerie Ball

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The effect of different camera angles on the perceptions of the speaker formed over a virtual interaction, especially in the context of telehealth encounters, has not been systematically investigated. The present study explored how vertical and horizontal angles impact perceptions of a healthcare provider in a video encounter using a 2 (angle type: eye level vs. alternate angle) X 2 (video order: eye level presented first vs. alternate angle presented first) mixed design. Participants watched two different segments of an encounter where camera angle was examined within subjects and order of presentation was examined between subjects. It was hypothesized that …

An Examination Of Food And Alcohol Disturbance Based On Sexual Orientation In A Sample Of Women Who Binge Eat, Alicia M. Moulder

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD), characterized by disordered eating behaviors in the context of drinking alcohol to enhance intoxication, counteract alcohol’s calories, or both, is associated with increased risk of negative drinking consequences. Previously established as a phenomenon occurring in college students, research has begun to support that FAD may also occur in nonstudents. Three particularly vulnerable groups for FAD may include women, individuals with history of binge eating, as well as sexual minority individuals. Consequently, the goals of the current study were to elucidate differences in FAD engagement between sexual minority women (SMW) and heterosexual women using a sample …

Weight Bias Internalization And Disordered Eating: Examining The Role Of Sexual Orientation In A Sample Of Women Who Binge Eat, Meredith I. Turner

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Sexual minority women and heterosexual women endorse different rates of disordered eating symptoms. Weight bias internalization (WBI), or self-directed negative attitudes and beliefs about oneself due to their weight, is known to be associated with binge eating and other disordered eating behaviors. However, little is known about the influence WBI may have on disordered eating symptoms across various sexual orientations. Therefore, this study examined disordered eating, WBI, and the association between them among sexual minority and heterosexual women. Specifically, the study aims were to (1) compare instances of WBI and disordered eating symptoms between sexual minority and heterosexual women, (2) …

Investigating The Effects Of Empathy On Implicit Race Bias, Macy Kisiel

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Over the years there have been changes to social norms, which now discourage expressions of prejudice, and changes in many people’s self-reported attitudes, but prejudice is still a major issue in present-day American society. One important step toward addressing prejudice and social injustices is to understand the psychological processes that underlie and strengthen them. The current study aimed to use an empathy passage to positively prime the schema about a minority person of color and manipulate regulation of implicit bias. The study utilized a mixed 2 × 2 design. Sixty-four participants (Mage = 20.88 years, SD = 4.75 years) were …

Self-Identifying Minoritized Doctoral Students’ Experiences Of Epistemic Injustice In Counselor Education And Supervision, Francisca Rivas

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and understand how epistemic injustice (EI) is experienced by minoritized doctoral students in Counselor Education and Supervision programs. The primary researcher performed a phenomenological study examining the experiences of EI for minoritized CES students (n = 8). There were three female participants with an average age of 31, two male participants with an average age of 31, and three nonbinary/trans participants with the average age of 33. Five participants were BIPOC, one being an international student, and six participants were LGBTQPA+. Five participants held Ph.Ds. at time of their interview, having …

Effects Of Simultaneous Alarms On Resolution Heuristics, Amanda C. Allen

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Automated signaling systems are frequently used to direct operator attention to potential hazards. Although these automated systems can lead to enhanced human performance, factors such as degraded alarm signal reliability and lack of trust can undermine the potential benefits of automation (Breznitz, 1984; Rice, 2009, Wickens & 2007). Additionally, work by Gilson, Mouloua, Graft, and McDonald (2001), as well as Keller and Rice (2009), suggest that an alarm contained within a larger array of alarms should not be evaluated individually. Due to the increasing use of multiple alarms in complex environments such as operating rooms and cockpits (Konkani, Oakley, & …

An Interaction Between Mental Integration And Levels Of Automation: An Analytic Approach Applying Systems Factorial Technology, Shelby Kate Scarbrough Long

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Automation has become nearly ubiquitous in modern society, supporting human performance in personal and professional tasks. Recent works have begun to focus on human-automation performance in speeded perceptual-cognitive tasks using workload capacity analysis, a novel mathematical analysis to measure efficiency of a human-automation team. The present dissertation examined how level of automation and demand for mental integration of information influence human-automation efficiency. Participants performed a multi-element probabilistic decision task with or without the assistance of an automated aid where level of automation and task demand were manipulated. Experiment 1 employed a mixed design with Automation (present vs. absent) and Task …

Differential Effects Of Physical Activity On Social Interactions Of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Christianna Blanchard-Alworth

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience challenges with communication, social interaction, and motor skills, which can contribute to social isolation. A growing body of research suggests physical activity (PA) may improve social, physical fitness, and gross motor outcomes for adolescents with ASD. Although exercise and PA have been identified as an evidence-based practice (EBP) for this population, limited research has specifically examined the relationship between PA and social interactions. This study used an alternating treatment design, replicated across four adolescents with ASD, to compare the effects of two interventions – soccer instruction and fitness instruction - on social …

An Examination Of The Experiences Of Traumatic Events And The Consequences Of Identity Formation, Alba Kremlin Bunnell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The specific problem addressed in this qualitative, phenomenological research study was understanding the impact of traumatic events on the identity formation. There was a lack of studies on identity formation and trauma. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of young adults who might struggle with identity formation as a result of experiencing trauma during childhood or adolescence. This study was guided by Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, which described how teenagers form their identity as they enter emerging adulthood. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 12 participants who indicated that they had experienced a …

Doctoral-Level Practitioner’S Views And Opinions Regarding The Use Of Social Networking Sites In Criminal Responsibility Evaluations, Jillian Lafrance

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

According to the Pew Research Center, there has been an increase in social networking site (SNS) usage by 72% since 2011. Due to the rise, researchers have undertaken studies on using the internet and SNS-based data with forensic assessments. However, researchers have not explored the views and opinions of professionals who conduct these evaluations, specifically regarding doctoral-level practitioners and criminal responsibility. Due to this, the American Psychological Association (APA) does not have specific guidelines on using SNS as a collateral source. This study involved one-on-one interviews with seven doctoral-level practitioners who conduct criminal responsibility evaluations on individuals 18 and older …

Early Intervention System Contextual Factors Contributing To Treatment Attendance And Clinical Outcomes, Anthony Eldridge

Theses and Dissertations

Early Intervention Programs (EI) are an established method of addressing and treating earlier childhood developmental problems that involves a system of complex processes which families must navigate to secure and maintain care. Extensive wait times and multiple service providers burdensome caregivers which may impact treatment engagement. Telehealth offers some clinical utility for improving EI service provision. However, little is known how system contextual factors predict a child’s Part B Eligibility and level of engagement with treatment. The primary aim of this study is to describe the effect that wait time, number of service providers, number of treatment services, and treatment …

Relationship Between Demographic Factors And Prevalence Of Cannabis Use Disorder Among Adults Holding A Medical Marijuana Card In A Rural Community, Maria Isabel Peña Kumpf

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the widespread use of cannabis and the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) in Ohio, information was limited on the effectiveness of medical marijuana and CUD treatment success, particularly within specific populations and counties. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the prevalence of CUD among adults from rural communities who had received medical marijuana cards for chronic conditions. The study examined the demographic factors of age, gender, and education level as independent variables influencing the development of CUD in this population. The biopsychosocial theory model provided the framework for the study. Data was collected through structured …

Use Of The Integrated Practice Assessment Tool (Ipat) To Evaluate The Clinical Learning Environment For Counselors-In-Training, Jessica Lloyd-Hazlett, Stacy Ogbeide, Heather Trepal, Mercedes Ingram, Swathi Weaver

Journal of Human Services Scholarship and Interprofessional Collaboration

The need for behavioral health integration (BHI) in primary care continues to grow to address the behavioral health needs of patients and families. Developing a competent interprofessional workforce to operate in primary care behavioral health settings necessitates BHI-literate clinical learning environments, as well as tools to evaluate and assist in the integration of services appropriate for BHI training and supervision. The Integrated Practice Assessment Tool (IPAT; Waxmonsky et al., 2014) is an instrument that assesses the level of BHI at a primary care clinic. This paper discusses an example of an implementation approach to examine BHI levels with the IPAT …

Mass Shootings In The United States, Sydney Livingston

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

High rates of mass shootings are becoming a uniquely American problem; the US makes up 73% of the world’s mass shootings, yet makes up only 4.25% of the world’s population. School shootings, in particular, have increased dramatically in the US since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999, an event many perpetrators have since drawn upon as inspiration. There is a strong divide of opinions in the nation regarding how firearm deaths should be reduced, which has complicated and slowed progress in identifying effective solutions. Each mass shooting causes additional shootings to occur, and each one takes a toll on …

Longitudinal Relations Between Parenting Practices And Prosocial Behaviors In Recent Immigrant Latino/A Adolescents: Familism Values And Ethnic Identity As Mediators, Sahitya Maiya, Gustavo Carlo, Alexandra N. Davis, Seth J. Schwartz, Jennifer B. Unger, Byron L. Zamboanga, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Daniel W. Soto, Elma I. Lorenzo-Blanco

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction:

The present study investigated the mediating roles of familism values and ethnic identity in longitudinal associations between recent immigrant U.S. Latino/a adolescents' reports of their parents' (i.e., mothers' and fathers') use of social and material rewards and prosocial behaviors.

Methods:

Participants included 302 recent immigrant U.S. Latino/a adolescents (M age = 14.5 years at Time 1, range = 13–17 years, 53% male) recruited from Los Angeles and Miami. Participants self-reported on their perceptions of parents' use of social and material rewards (Time 1), familism values (Time 3), ethnic identity (Time 5), and multiple types of prosocial behaviors (Time …

The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment In A Sample Of Deaf Adults, Teresa Crowe Ph.D

JADARA

This research studied the impacts of child maltreatment on 87 deaf adults' use of substances, anxiety and depression, involvement in victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence, age, gender identity, and parental language use. After IRB approval, participants completed an online survey about experiences of childhood maltreatment and its effects on their lives. Results showed that the sample: a) had low to moderate incidence of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, b) reported mild levels of anxiety and depression, c) included 32.5% who met the threshold for IPV victimization and/or perpetration, d) relatively low levels of …

Emotional Display Rules Of Deaf Culture, Nicholas M. Gala, Lawrence Pick

JADARA

Emotional display rules refer to the expression of culturally prescribed and socially acceptable emotions across different people and situations (Wu & Schulz, 2020). The display rules among hearing adults across several cultures are well defined and depend on the type of emotion, the individuals involved in the exchange, and the situation. Regarding Deaf culture in the United States, this minoritized group may follow unique display rules (Hosie et al., 2000), but there has been almost no research conducted with this population and the existing studies have focused on youth. The present study explores perceived emotional expressions among a sample of …

Impact Of Sinus Surgery In People With Cystic Fibrosis And Chronic Rhinosinusitis In The Era Of Highly Effective Modulator Therapy: Protocol For A Prospective Observational Study, Christine M. Liu, Jakob L. Fischer, Jeremiah A. Alt, Todd E. Bodner, Naweed I. Chowdhury, Anne E. Getz, Peter H. Hwang, Adam J. Kimple, Timothy L. Smith, Multiple Additional Authors

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is commonly complicated by chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Despite highly effective management options, CRS in people with CF (PwCF+CRS) may be refractory to medical therapy, eventually requiring endoscopic sinus surgery. The impact of sinus surgery on pulmonary, quality of life (QOL), and other outcomes in PwCF+CRS in the expanding era of highly effective modulator therapy has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to determine if endoscopic sinus surgery can offer superior outcomes for PwCF+CRS when compared to continued medical treatment of CRS. Methods and analysis This multi-institutional, observational, prospective cohort study will enroll 150 adults with …

Media Review: Disability, Not Invisibility: My Experience With Chronic Illness (2019), Amanda Watson Joyce

Feminist Pedagogy

No abstract provided.

Emotional Overeating And Eating Motives During Covid-19 In Polish Women: Intergroup Comparison Among Participants In Various Body Mass Index Categories, Adriana Modrzejewska, Justyna Modrzejewska, Kamila Czepczor-Bernat, Julia Wyszomirska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: Taking into account the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ac-companying lockdown resulting in increased negative emotions, it is interesting to learn about eating motives and behaviors and check their intensity. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between Polish women in various body mass index categories in terms of eating motives and emotional overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: This study sample comprised 1,447 women (M_age = 31.34 ± 11.05; M_BMI = 23.79 ± 4.59). The research used the following tools: the Eating Motivation Survey, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, and …

Perspectives On Quality-Of-Life Changes Experienced By Mental Health Court Participants, Kathy Joan Edwards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The association between mental health court participation and a reduction in recidivism is well documented. The question of whether mental health courts meet their therapeutic goals has received little scholarly attention. Therapeutic outcomes for mental health court participants are not well understood. Quality-of-life changes are a therapeutic outcome for mental health court participants. The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to such changes. The conceptual framework was based on therapeutic jurisprudence and criminogenic risk theory as implemented through the risk-need responsivity model. Quality-of-life changes as experienced and reported by 13 mental health court participants were qualitatively examined …

The Relationship Between The Clinical Scales Of The Personality Assessment Inventory And Bmi Reduction In Bariatric Surgery Patients, Douglas Lytz

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Since the National Institute of Health recommendation in 1991, most bariatric clinics and insurance companies across the United States now require psychological evaluations for patients before receiving bariatric surgery (Marek & Heinberg, 2016). Clinicians are now using various objective personality measures and other assessment tools during comprehensive evaluations to help make recommendations to surgeons and clinical staff about patient suitability for weight loss surgery. Previous studies suggest that specific demographics and clinical elevations on objective personality assessments may predict the reduction of body mass index (BMI) in patients after bariatric surgery (Oltmanns et al., 2020; Hoyt & Walter, 2022a). This …

Social Ecological Predictors And Correlates Of Latinos' Ipv Behaviors: A Systematic Review And Critique Of The Research Literature., Adrian Luis Manriquez, Eric S. Mankowski

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The current paper utilizes an ecological level of analysis framework to review and critique the literature surrounding predictors, correlates, and antecedents of Latinos' intimate partner violence (IPV) behaviors. More specifically, the ecological levels of analysis framework was employed to demonstrate how Latino males' IPV perpetration is being understood and studied. A total of n = 34 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed and critiqued. Findings indicated that most IPV research is being conducted at and comprehended from the individual (n = 33; 97%) and microsystem/small group (n = 24; 71%) levels of analysis, while linkages to organizational, locality, and institutional levels of …

Does Internalized Weight Bias Affect Reported Physical Activity In Adolescents?, Caroline Simmons, Brennen Till, Chad Jensen, Monica Martinez

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Background: Negative internalized weight bias is associated with poorer mental health, while physical activity (PA) has been shown to have protective mental health benefits. Previous research with teens has not explored whether weight bias predicts PA participation. We evaluated weight bias internalization as a predictor of total minutes of PA, hypothesizing that greater weight bias would predict less PA participation.

Methods: One hundred participants ranging (14-18 years) have completed the study. Participants completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between scores …