Digital Commons Network^™

Social Psychology's Three Little Pigs, Donelson R. Forsyth

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Three perspectives on the nature of scientific research are discussed allegorically: (1) basic science, or the study of theoretically meaningful hypotheses through rigorous research; (2) applied science, which focuses on practically significant problems; and (3) "action research," which integrates elements of both basic and applied science. The allegory concludes by advocating the unification of basic and applied science.

Hiv Antibody Testing: Performance And Counseling Issues, Michael Gross

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article assesses the performance of currently used tests for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infectious agent associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); suggests, in view of that information, guidelines for counseling people seeking HIV antibody testing; and evaluates the claim that because antibody test results will effect behavior change in those who are infected, all members of high-risk groups should be tested.

HIV testing is likely to yield a high proportion of false-positive results in low-risk populations and infants born to infected mothers. A negative result may not establish freedom from infection in high-risk groups or the …

Dynamic Allocation Of Responsibility Between Operators With Different Models Of System Information Using Computer-Mediated Communication, Michele Terranova

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This research focused on the effectiveness of two operator teams for dynamic control of a process simulation. The responsibility for system optimization and failure detection was shared by the operators through computer-mediated communication. System information was displayed to both operators by one of three mental models of the systems: an alphanumeric/separable representation, a graphic/integral system representation, or both representations. The following team-display configurations were used: primary operator with graphic display, support operator with alphanumeric (GRAL); primary operator with alphanumeric display, support operator with graphic (ALGR); both operators with alphanumeric displays (BOAL); both operators with graphic displays (BOGR); and both operators …

Stress And Social Support The Burden Experienced By The Families Of Autistic Children, Andrea A. Kamin

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the present research was to examine the stress experienced by families of autistic children and the relationship between this stress and the factors of social support. The participants were 23 parents of autistic children drawn from chapters of the Ontario Society for Autistic Citizens (OSAC) in the Waterloo-Wellington, Windsor, Hamilton, London and Toronto areas. Significant correlations were found between scores on the Objective and Subjective burden scales; between Subjective burden and the Network Density Score; and between Objective burden and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Significant correlations were not found between the social network list and …

Youth Needs Assessment: Scadding Court Community Centre, Jacqueline M. Bradshaw

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This paper looks at the present state of youth, their education, employment status, family life, psychological well-being and their hopes and aspirations. It also discusses the negative labeling and oppression experienced by youth, and methods of reducing them. The research focuses on youth a Scadding Court Community Centre in downtown Toronto. Thirty-four youth at the Centre participated in a needs assessment, utilizing a four part questionnaire, during the months of March and April, 1988. Confidentiality was of the utmost importance due to the personal nature of some of the questions. The questionnaire ascertained how the youth feel about the Centre; …

A Profile Analysis Of The Scl-90-R For Aggressive And Nonaggressive Adolescents With Conduct Disorder : A Comparison Of Aggression And Nonaggression In Relationship To Psychoticism And Depression, Hostility And Anxiety, Janet M. Rice

Dissertations

Problem. Dissatisfaction with the DSM-III classification of conduct disorder has led the editors of the DSM-III-R to group the socialized and undersocialized, aggressive and the undersocialized, nonaggressive conduct-disorderd youth together in the same category (Solitary Aggressive Type). However, the symptoms and behavior of aggressive and nonaggressive youth are so diverse, they should be placed in totally separate categories. The implications of misdiagnosis are serious for rehabilitation and treatment.

Method. One hundred-thirty male adolescents labeled aggressive and nonaggressive conduct-disordered were administered the SCL-90-R. The Chi-square test determined what percentage in each group scored at the 70th percentile or above in the …

The Role Of Neuropsychological Deficits In The Comparative Inability Of Schizophrenics To Decode Facial Expressions Of Emotion, William George Mccown

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of The English Comprehension Level Test As A Predictor Of Success In Navy Recruit Training, Carla M. French

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

As of 1980, the total population of persons of Spanish origin in the United States was 14,609,000, or 6.4%, with over 2,000,000 of them Puerto Rican (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1983). Thousands of Hispanics are coming into the U.S. every year, both legally and illegally. They are the second largest minority in the U.S., and if growth continues at the current rate, they may outnumber Blacks by the year 2020 (Davis, Haub, & Willette, 1983).

The Relationships Between Gender, Length Of Stay, Host Country Culture And The Adjustment Experienced By Minor U.S. Sojourners, Timothy Lawler

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Psychological Distress Among Mexican American Women As A Reaction To The New Immigration Law, Rogelio Rodriguez

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Informed Consent On Client Behaviors And Attitudes In A Pro-Life Pregnancy Counseling Center, Kathryn Lynn Mardirosian

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Although current professional and public opinion support the right of the client to make an informed decision about entering and continuing in a psychotherapy or counseling relationship, research studying the effects of informed consent on client behaviors and attitudes in the medical, research, and mental health fields has resulted in equivocal findings. This study looked at the effects of an informed consent procedure on client behaviors and attitudes in a pro-life pregnancy counseling center where the center's primary goal is to reduce the number of abortion decisions among clients. Thirty of the center's clients (Experimental Group) were given an Informed …

Escalation: A Closer Look At Allocation Decisions, David A. Hofmann

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The escalation of commitment to a particular course of action has, in the past eleven years, become an increasingly popular area for research in the psychological aspects of decision making. The major question posed by this line of research is: "Does an individual become so committed to a particular course of action that he/she can no longer analyze the situation objectively and, consequently, makes irrational decisions to continue investing when such activity is no longer advisable?" Staw (1981) states that the escalation phenomenon can occur when an individual becomes overly committed to a chosen course of action. He adds that …

Visually Displayed-Emg Biofeedback : Training Muscle Relaxation In Hearing Impaired Children :A Thesis ..., Cheryl Renee Bene

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to test the use of visually displayed EMG biofeedback as a means for training hearing impaired adolescents to reduce anterior temporalis or frontalis muscle tension . Five male and four female hearing impaired students between the ages of 13 and 15 were chosen from the California School for the Deaf, Fremont, CA to serve as participants. Each participant was randomly assigned to either an experimental or control condition. Participants in the experimental groups were given five 15 minute EMG biofeedback training sessions. An additional group of 4 adolescents with normal hearing from Marshall …

Monitoring External Memory, Paula T. Hertel

Psychology Faculty Research

The proposal that guides this research is that organizational structures of external memories, like those of internal memories, play an important role in monitoring knowledge. Previous evidence for such a relation was obtained in a laboratory experiment. Here, I report the results of a survey of faculty at Trinity University. They judged their confidence in knowledge related to their research and described their external memories (office files and bookshelves). The more confident among them had read and stored more information; they also maintained the more organized offices. In multiple-regression analyses, organization was the best predictor of confidence.

A Metaphorical Analysis Of Skinner's Verbal Behavior, David E. Leary

Psychology Faculty Publications

All human knowledge is the product of measuring one experience against another. That is, it is the product of what can be called "comparative thinking" or what is more commonly and broadly conceived as metaphorical thinking. The simplest illustration of this point, expressed in Skinnerian terms, is "dictionary behavior". When someone wishes to know the meaning of a word, he or she can open a dictionary and read a definition in which the word is explicated in relation to other words, words that have Like meaning and yet are hopefully more familiar to the reader. If they are not more …

Softball Officials : Differences In Self-Esteem Based On Gender And Rating Status, Peggy Ann Yockey

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Officiating sport contests requires much personal control and poise, self-confidence, and a thorough knowledge of the rules and mechanics. Accepted as a part of sport, through exhibitions of improper player, coach, and spectator behavior, is criticism of officials. The impact of such criticism on the self-esteem of the official appears to be a key question and prompted this research. The study problem was to determine the gender and rating difference in self-esteem, if any, of Amateur Softball Association (A.S.A.) officials of the Greater San Joaquin Valley (GSJV) Metro. Specifically, the study compared the self-esteem level of: (1) softball officials and …

The Feasibility Of Computerized Cognitive Testing As A Surrogate Measure For Assessment Center Performance, Leilani M. De Saram

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The use of microcomputerized cognitive testing of personnel has thus far been limited to military and environmental stressor applications. The investigation of such testing as a substitute for assessment center performance represents a novel application of this technology. An examination of the relationship between performance on a cognitive test battery and assessment center performance was conducted.

A battery of selected microcomputerized tests measuring cognitive constructs was administered to assessment center candidates in law enforcement occupations. Contrary to expectations, the computerized cognitive measurements did not exhibit significant correlations with assessment center performance measures. It was speculated that the two measures assessed …

Attitudes Of Teachers And Teacher Trainees Towards Faculty Unionization, Caroline M. Rodriguez

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Theoretical Considerations For Extracting Meaning From Personal Profile System Data: The Need For Independent Construct Validity Studies, Thomas G. Henkel, James Noel Wilmoth

Publications

The Personal Profile System (PPS) is a psychological testing instrument that has been widely used. The construct validity of the PPS was studied through a review of the literature. This paper organizes the literature review into three broad categories: the background of the PPS; the reliability of the PPS; and the validity of the PPS. The PPS is a self-scoring instrument measuring the behavioral responses of people along four dimensions: (1) dominance; (2) influencing; (3) steadiness; and (4) compliance. The instrument is designed to provide a systematic and comprehensive perception of an individual's behavioral tendencies and the behavioral tendencies of …

The Rorschach Erlebnistypus Or Experience Type And Psychological Adjustment, Dianne Desousa

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Headphone Music On Exercise Compliance, Gayle Ann Laszewski

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A study was designed to assess the effect of headphone music on running performance and enjoyment with its implications for increasing exercise compliance. A counterbalanced split-plot design was used with 18 University of the Pacific undergraduates receiving both treatment conditions: running with music and running without music. Measures included: (a) perceived enjoyment questionnaire scores; (b) running time; and (c) heart rate. It was expected that music would increase participants' rated running enjoyment, amount of time spent running, and also running intensity or heart rate, in comparison to running without music. Music significantly increased participants' rated enjoyment scores but not running …

Retention Of Content Material As A Function Of Mode Of Presentation And Preconceived Degree Of Difficulty, Richard S. Velayo

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The effects of the mode of presentation and the preconceived degree of difficulty on the retention of academic content material were measured. The design of the experiment was a 6 x 3 x 2 split-plot factorial. The levels for the mode of presentation were: (a) print-only, (b) pictorial-plus-print, (c) audio only, (d) pictorial-plus-audio, (e) print-plus-audio, and (f) pictorial-plus-print-plus-audio. The levels for the preconceived degree of difficulty were: (a) very easy, (b) neutral, and (c) very difficult. The participants were 112 undergraduate students (24 males, 88 females) randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. The dependent variables were the immediate and delayed …

Seeking Personal Truth (Chapter 10 From Your Hidden Half: Blending Your Public And Private Self—A Quest For Personal Wholeness), Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Jealousy: Its Emotional Components And Its Relationship To Situational Versus General Needs., Yola Harrison

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Male and female emotional reactions to jealousy arousing situations were investigated. These reactions were studied with relation to subjects ' general and relationship needs. Subjects ' expressed emotions, their general needs, and their relationship needs were measured. The results indicated that: 1) Females express stronger emotions in a jealousy situation, however, the range of expressed emotions for both males and females is similar. 2) Although relationship needs correlated more strongly, than did the general needs, with the expressed emotions, R* values were not high enough to permit understanding or prediction of these emotions through relationship needs.

Attributional Style, Depression, And Their Relationship To Gender And Gender Role Orientation, Karen M. Latza

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Does Sex-Role Orientation Predict Psychological Health?, Jean Marie Bradt

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Construct Validity Of The Slip: Measuring Moral Maturity Based On Jungian Typology, Holly O. Houston

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Sex, Age, And The Level Of Involvement In Work And Family Roles Of Pediatricians, Sarah E. Brotherton

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Temporal Stability Of Earliest Childhood Memories In Relation To Naturally Occurring Mood States, Peggy Wingo

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Body Image And Self-Esteem Among Undergraduates, Steven C. Abell

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.