Digital Commons Network^™

Trends. The Ghost In The Machine: Is Bill Clinton Running Us Policy On China, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses aviation safety and the continuity of use/misuse of words by U.S. administrations, regardless of political affiliation.

Trends. Cognitive Dissonance And Conflation Of Patriotism And Political Advocacy: On The Secrecy Of The Intelligence Budget, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the views of the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) regarding the budgeting practices of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Family Of Origin And Selected Career Development Outcomes, Timothy Dean Dodge

Doctoral Dissertations

The present study was designed to examine, from the perspective of Bowen family systems theory (Papero, 1990) and Williamson's theory of personal authority in the family system (Williamson, 1981, 1982a, 1982b), the impact of family dynamics on the career development of college students and to overcome methodological weaknesses of prior research in this area. Methodologically, the present study overcomes weaknesses of prior research by providing a unifying theory from which measures of family dynamics are derived and by measuring career outcomes which are logically tied to family dynamics. Career outcome measures selected for the study include vocational identity, career decision-making …

The Impact Of Psychological Reactance And Desire For Control On Perceptions Of Common Elements Of Cognitive, Affective, And Behavioral *Change, Morgan Edward Williams

Doctoral Dissertations

The present study was designed to assess the impact of two dispositional variables, psychological reactance and desire for control, on individual perceptions of common elements of psychological change. These common elements represent cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of psychological change. The study tested whether individuals with different levels of psychological reactance and desire for control systematically differed in their perception of the importance of elements relevant to psychological change. Participants (N = 420) completed three self-report assessment instruments: (a) the Common Elements of Change Questionnaire, (b) Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale, and (c) the Desirability of Control Scale. As hypothesized, …

Correlates Of Life Satisfaction After Retirement, Richard A. Tackett

Dissertations

Much of the literature on aging, retirement, and stages of life has focused on men. The changing role from productive members of society to that of being retired can be either viewed as an opportunity to experience new adventures or depressing for those who are unable to move successfully into the next developmental stage of life. This study examined factors that could contribute to life satisfaction in 144 individuals who were over 65 years of age. The factors that were included in this examination are self-esteem, morale, depression, and demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, marital status, income, …

Determinants Of Teachers' Intentions To Teach Physically Active Physical Education Classes, Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna, Robert C. Eklund, Brett Reed

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine determinants of teachers' intentions to teach physically active physical education classes (i.e., spend at least 50% of class time with the students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity). Based on the theories of reasoned action, planned behavior, and self-efficacy, a model was examined hypothesizing that teachers' intentions were determined by subjective norm, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy. Using hierarchical regression analyses, the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior were supported by accounting for 65% of the variance in intention due to the main effects of attitude and subjective …

Is Evolutionary Analysis Of Law Science Or Storytelling?, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

In recent years, some legal scholars have argued that legal scholarship could benefit from a greater reliance on theories of human behavior that arise from biological evolution. These scholars contend that reliance on biological evolution would successfully combine the rigor of economics with the scientific aspects of psychology. Complex legal systems, however, are uniquely human. Law has always been the product of cognitive processes that are unique to humans and that developed as a response to an environment that no longer exists. Consequently, the evolutionary development of the cognitive mechanisms upon which law depends cannot be rigorously modeled or studied …

Pediatric Impedance Cardiography: Temporal Stability And Intertask Consistency, William H. O'Brien, Jennifer J. Mcgrath

Psychology Faculty Publications

The pathogenic processes responsible for cardiovascular disease have their origins in childhood. Although children's measures of heart rate and blood pressure have been found to be reliable, the reliability of impedance cardiography derived measures have not been evaluated. Thirty-three children, ages 8-11 participated in two sessions. Stressors included serial subtraction, isometric handgrip, and mirror-image tracing. Results indicated the impedance measures showed moderately high temporal stability (average scores r(avg) = 74; difference scores r(avg) = .53) and intertask consistency (average scores r(avg) = .78; difference scores r(avg) = .53). Blood pressure demonstrated the lowest reliability; Heather index, preejection period, and stroke …

African-American Women’S Emotional Responses To Historical Racial Events As A Function Of Socioeconomic Status, Melissa Ruth Stevenson

Dissertations

One hundred African-American women between the ages o f 18 years and 80 years who were born in the United States and for whom English was their primary language were exposed to video taped incidents o f historically accurate racist events from American history. Measures of emotional reactivity including heart rate, blood pressure and measures o f anger and anxiety were taken and the Hollingshead Four Factor Index o f Social Status was used to classify subjects into three socioeconomic levels. The experimental protocol required that subjects be exposed to a period of adaptation followed by a period of exposure …

Promoting Healthy Behavior Change In Skin Cancer Risk Reduction Using The Transtheoretical Stages Of Change Model, Sherry L. Pagoto

Dissertations

Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States with 20% of people developing some form of skin cancer in their lifetime (American Cancer Society, 1999). In spite of the high incidence of skin cancer, it is highly preventable. Approximately 90% of the cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun (Skin Cancer Foundation, 1992). The effect of an intervention aimed at reducing skin cancer risk was compared to a survey only control group in 99 Chicago beach-goers. The intervention was based on the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model (TTM) and included sun sensitivity …

The Influence Of Race On Ethical Decision-Making Regarding Nonsexual Dual Relationships, Beatrice Antly Tatem

Dissertations

Ethical decision-making is a crucial part of the daily practice of psychologists. Psychologists are faced with the challenge of developing ethical decision-making strategies that effectively address the dilemmas associated with dual relationships. Nonsexual dual relationship is defined in this research as a clinical professional relationship that occurs simultaneously with a nonsexual professional and/or personal relationship. Psychologists, regardless of the environment in which they work or the client population with whom they work, can experience a nonsexual dual relationship.

The current study investigated whether ethnographic therapist characteristics influence the interpretation and application of the APA Ethical Guidelines and thus psychologists’ decision-making …

Methods Of Detecting Differential Item Functioning: A Comparison Of Item Response Theory And Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Ratchaneewan Wanichtanom

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when an item performs statistically differently for a reference group than for a focal group. DIF is a threat to the validity of a test, and it can lead to illegal usage of a test in situations such as employee selection. Thus, DIF has important implications for test construction and practice. This research is a Monte Carlo study that compares Item Response Theory (IRT) and three Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) methods for detecting DIF. The three CFA methods were Model Comparison (MC), Modification Indexes (MI), and Modification Indexes-Divided sample (MI-Divided).

The research compared the detection …

Who Moved My Cheese? (Book Review), Matthew H. Roy

WCBT Faculty Publications

A book review by Matthew H. Roy.

Johnson, Spencer. Who Moved My Cheese? New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998. ISBN 9780399144462

… But What Does 'Blue' Smell Like? Review Of J. Harrison, Synaesthesia: The Strangest Thing, Ilya Farber

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Reviews the book 'Synaesthesia: The Strangest Thing', by John Harrison.

The Effects Of Training In Teamwork Skills On Intact Student Teams, Lara Bryan Tedrow

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study explored the effect of a theory-based training program in teamwork skills on the performance, satisfaction and teamwork skills of students working in teams on class projects. Twenty-seven teams of students were recruited from six different classes across departments at a local university. Teams were assigned to either a placebo session or an experimental training session, which trained them in teamwork skills, based on the Dickinson and McIntyre (1997) model of teamwork. Teams were then compared on project grades, ratings of satisfaction on the Group Attitude Scale (Evans & Jarvis, 1986) and ratings of teamwork on the Teamwork Component …

Psychophysiological Measures And Performance Effects In An Adaptive Sustained Attention Task, Gerald Alan Hadley

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This experiment examined the effect of a biocybernetic system that had been successfully used to control an adaptive automation compensatory tracking task (Freeman, Mikulka, Prinzel, & Scerbo, 1999; Pope, Bogart, & Bartolome, 1995). The present study applied this adaptive automation system to a vigilance task. Recordings of EEG activity were used to derive an index of task engagement, beta/(alpha+ theta). A training session was used to establish a baseline level of this index. Index levels above baseline reflected an increase in arousal, while levels below baseline indicated decreased arousal. Three groups (production, reception, and control) performed the task which presented …

The Effects Of Equal Opportunity Fairness And Diversity On Work Group Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitment In The Military: A Test Of Structural Invariance, Nancy P. Emery

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to test the invariance of a structural equation model of equal opportunity fairness (EOF) in the U.S. military across ethnic and gender groups. Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey (MEOCS) data drawn from four distinct sociocultural groups in the military were tested on a model that fit the MEOCS data drawn from a sample of White men. A series of multi-group analyses was conducted on the established structural model using LISREL 8 (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1996) to determine whether data from sociocultural groups other than White males would fit a White male model. Further …

Convergence And Divergence Of Themes In Successful Psychotherapy: An Assimilation Analysis, Lynne M. Knobloch-Fedders, Linda M. Endres, William B. Stiles, George Silberschatz

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Theme convergence is the linking of seemingly unrelated problem domains as they advance through assimilation stages-a developmental sequence of cognitive and affective changes through which problematic content is hypothesized to pass during successful psychotherapy. Theme divergence is the contradiction or conflict of solutions to different problems, so that progress in one domain leads to stagnation or regression in another domain. An intensive qualitative method called assimilation analysis was used to examine theme convergence and divergence in a successful psychodynamic psychotherapy with a 20–yr–old female patient. Because specific problems often fail to progress monotonically, even in successful psychotherapy cases, it is …

The Other Information Warfare: A Mind Full Of Macedonia, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article highlights ongoing aspects of psychological warfare in Macedonia between government and rebel forces.

Trends. Death Penalties For Purveyors Of Death? Not For Many Terrorists, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the nuances surrounding the use of the death penalty in terrorism cases.

More Spy Games: A Problem With Credibility Of Sources For Counterintelligence And Personnel Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article identifies implications of recent meta-evaluations of psychological assessment methods for attempts at identifying individuals who are committing treason or otherwise violating security policies.

Tit For Tat, Patty Cake, And Hide And Seek: The Psychology Of Spy Games, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores the psychology of tit-for-tat reactions in the context of espionage and counterespionage.

Drugged: Research And Policymakers Confronting Illicit And Illegal Drugs, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores the application of research on policies towards illicit and illegal drugs.

Trends. Spinning Buddhas, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the March 2001 destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan by the Taliban.

Facilitating Communications And Murder: Operation Condor And United States Complicity, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores levels of United States Government (USG) complicity during the late 1970s in the murder of individuals alleged to have been left-wing opponents of South American, right-wing, authoritarian governments.

Falling Dominoes In 2001: Nuclear Weapons And Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychologies of inevitability and their foundations pertaining to nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction.

A Case Study Analysis Of Serial Killers With Military Experience: Applying Learning Theory To Serial Murder, Tammy Castle

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Education and Behavioral Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Tammy Castle on March 21, 2001.

Sibling Effects In The Adjustment Of Children Exposed To Domestic Violence, Nicole L. Mccann

Theses and Dissertations

Many studies discuss how the emotional trauma experienced by children of divorcing parents is buffered by the presence of siblings. The present study examines whether there is a similar buffering sibling effect for child witnesses to domestic violence if there is an older sibling present in the household. This study examined the differences between first born children including only children and younger siblings who have witnessed domestic violence. The Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Child Behavior Checklist were administered to 102 children aged 3-11 whose parent received shelter or outreach counseling at a New Jersey battered women's shelter. Demographic information …

An Examination Of Racial Identity And Auitudes, Perceived Cultural Competence, And Level Of Academic Training Of European-American Graduate Studen!S With Culturally Diverse Clients, Justin Kyckelhann Crawford

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

No abstract provided.

Crowd-Dispersal Weapons And The Psychology Of The Crowd, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the peculiar psychology of popular reactions to the development and employment of technologies of military force.