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Articles 4831 - 4860 of 20700

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Intraneuronal Β-Amyloid Accumulation: Aging Hiv-1 Human And Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat Brain, Hailong Li, Kristen A. Mclaurin, Charles F. Mactutus, Benjamin Linkins, Wenfei Huang, Sulie L. Chang, Rosemarie M. Booze Jun 2022

Intraneuronal Β-Amyloid Accumulation: Aging Hiv-1 Human And Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat Brain, Hailong Li, Kristen A. Mclaurin, Charles F. Mactutus, Benjamin Linkins, Wenfei Huang, Sulie L. Chang, Rosemarie M. Booze

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is significantly greater in older, relative to younger, HIV-1 seropositive individuals; the neural pathogenesis of HAND in older HIV-1 seropositive individuals, however, remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, abnormal protein aggregates (i.e., β-amyloid) were investigated in the brains of aging (>12 months of age) HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats. In aging HIV-1 Tg rats, double immunohistochemistry staining revealed abnormal intraneuronal β-amyloid accumulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, relative to F344/N control rats. Notably, in HIV-1 Tg animals, increased β-amyloid accumulation occurred in the absence of any genotypic changes in …

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Too Much For A Heart To Bear: A Systematic Review And Mini Meta-Analysis On The Role Of Skin-Deep Resilience In The Weathering Of Black People In America, Chantelle Miller Jun 2022

Too Much For A Heart To Bear: A Systematic Review And Mini Meta-Analysis On The Role Of Skin-Deep Resilience In The Weathering Of Black People In America, Chantelle Miller

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Current public health data underscore CVD as the most predominant public health crisis affecting the U.S population, claiming over 655,000 lives annually as the primary cause of one out of every four deaths (Kochanek, 2020; Rana et al., 2020; Salim et al., 2020). Current approaches to CVD primarily utilize a biomedical approach, are extremely costly to the U.S economy, and appear to disproportionately support positive health outcomes in White individuals while Black individuals continue to exhibit heart health disparities (Carnethon et al., 2017; Ferdinand, 2016). Race-related health inequities must be addressed with a biopsychosocial preventative health approach to effectively redirect …

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Medical Avoidance Among Marginalized Groups: The Impact Of The Covid‑19 Pandemic, Amani R. Holder‑Dixon, Olivia R. Adams, Tianna L. Cobb, Alison J. Goldberg, Rachel A. Fikslin, Mora A. Reinka, Amanda N. Gesselman, Devon M. Price Jun 2022

Medical Avoidance Among Marginalized Groups: The Impact Of The Covid‑19 Pandemic, Amani R. Holder‑Dixon, Olivia R. Adams, Tianna L. Cobb, Alison J. Goldberg, Rachel A. Fikslin, Mora A. Reinka, Amanda N. Gesselman, Devon M. Price

Publications and Research

Medical avoidance is common among U.S. adults, and may be emphasized among members of marginalized communities due to discrimination concerns. In the current study, we investigated whether this disparity in avoidance was maintained or exacerbated during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the likelihood of avoiding medical care due to general-, discrimination-, and COVID-19-related concerns in an online sample ( N = 471). As hypothesized, marginalized groups (i.e., non-White race, Latinx/e ethnicity, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, high BMI) endorsed more general- and discrimina - tion-related medical avoidance than majoritized groups. However, marginalized groups were equally likely to seek COVID-19 …

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Under The Skin Social Stress: Physiological Effects Of Racial Discrimination And Family Communication During Adolescence, Dana Mansfield Jun 2022

Under The Skin Social Stress: Physiological Effects Of Racial Discrimination And Family Communication During Adolescence, Dana Mansfield

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is a formative, developmental period that encompasses increased life stress. For youth of color, these stressors are amplified due to race-related experiences such as racial discrimination. Studies have shown that family communication greatly influences the physiological stress response in childhood development. The purpose of the current study was to examine how interpersonal and institutional discrimination impact the physiological stress response and how supportive family communication may influence the stress response in adolescents from various ethnic and racial groups. A sample of 379 ethnically diverse adolescents participated in this study and completed self-report questionnaires. Cortisol samples were collected in conjunction …

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Latinx Parent-Child Acculturative Stress Profiles And Their Relation To Expressed Emotion And Academic Achievement, Laura Saldana Jun 2022

Latinx Parent-Child Acculturative Stress Profiles And Their Relation To Expressed Emotion And Academic Achievement, Laura Saldana

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

A unique stressor among families of immigrant background is acculturative stress (AS), which is experienced by both adults and youth. AS results from difficulties with acculturation and is associated with negative youth outcomes. Past studies link AS to worse family functioning yet very few studies examine parent and youth AS together. The current study incorporates reports from 284 Latinx youth (Mage = 11.5; 55.6% females) and their parents to examine AS latent profiles. Four profiles emerged in this sample, characterized by high child-low parent (HLAS), low child-high parent (LHAS), moderate child-low parent (MLAS), and low child-low parent (LLAS), …

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Cultural Change And Threat Perception: Causal Implications On White Nationalist Beliefs And Outgroup Restricting Policies, Andrea Bellovary Jun 2022

Cultural Change And Threat Perception: Causal Implications On White Nationalist Beliefs And Outgroup Restricting Policies, Andrea Bellovary

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Cultural change is an inevitable aspect of life; however, how people react to cultural change can dramatically vary. Of particular interest to this analysis is how White Americans react to cultural changes occurring in the nation. Across three studies, I examined how White Americans may see cultural change, in the form of demographic change, as threatening and how these threat perceptions may influence their endorsement of White nationalism beliefs and support for outgroup restricting policies. This investigation found that White participants who read about real demographic changes occurring in the nation endorsed more threat perceptions (Study 1). Furthermore, there was …

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The Influence Of Sleep Quantity On Externalizing Behaviors In Adolescents: The Mediating Effect Of Inhibition, Emily Feldman Jun 2022

The Influence Of Sleep Quantity On Externalizing Behaviors In Adolescents: The Mediating Effect Of Inhibition, Emily Feldman

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to sleep disruptions due both to hormonal changes (causing a shift in circadian rhythms, Pieters et al., 2015) and to school and extra-curricular commitments leading to sleep restriction (Carskadon, 2011). Sleep quantity, in turn, has been independently linked to low response inhibition as well as externalizing behaviors (Lowe et al., 2017; Gregory & Sadeh, 2012). This study aims to build upon these findings by testing the hypothesis that decreased inhibition will mediate the relationship between low quantity of sleep and externalizing behaviors. A representative sample of adolescents in Chicago, Illinois was recruited to participate in a …

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Transforming Learning Communities, Transforming Ourselves: A Qualitative Investigation Of Identity Processes In A Participatory Action Research-Themed Undergraduate Course, Julia Sara Dancis Jun 2022

Transforming Learning Communities, Transforming Ourselves: A Qualitative Investigation Of Identity Processes In A Participatory Action Research-Themed Undergraduate Course, Julia Sara Dancis

Dissertations and Theses

In contrast to the dominant, post-positivist approaches to research in psychology, participatory action research (PAR) programs aim to democratize knowledge production and participate in social action through explicitly value-based and politicized agendas. Despite the inclusive nature of this work, college students are often left out of PAR collaborations and rarely even exposed to this frame of research. The handful of researcher-educators who have conducted participatory and action-oriented research with undergraduate students report a range of benefits for students, their universities, and the surrounding communities, confirming its importance. Left unaddressed are the key identity processes that unfold during knowledge production and …

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The Relationship Between Grit And Growth Mindset In Professional Athletic Training Students, Haleigh M. Gray, Ryan Moran, Danae Delfin Jun 2022

The Relationship Between Grit And Growth Mindset In Professional Athletic Training Students, Haleigh M. Gray, Ryan Moran, Danae Delfin

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: The demands of athletic training students are substantial between academic and clinical responsibilities creating problems with commitment and retention. Grit and growth mindset have been associated with academic achievement and success; however, little research has assessed the presence of grit and growth mindset within athletic training students. Therefor the purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in grit and growth mindset between athletic training students and non-athletic training students majoring in general health sciences and to assess the relationship between grit and growth mindset in both athletic training students and non-athletic training students. Methods: A cross-sectional study …

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Masculinity Instability And Ideologies As Predictors Of Ipv Perpetration: The Mediating Role Of Relationship Power, Emma Christine Marioles O'Connor Jun 2022

Masculinity Instability And Ideologies As Predictors Of Ipv Perpetration: The Mediating Role Of Relationship Power, Emma Christine Marioles O'Connor

Dissertations and Theses

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered to be a pervasive and devastating social issue and is disproportionately perpetrated by men (CDC). Masculinity ideologies, which are comprised of male role norm expectations, inform boys and men about what it means to be and to not be "a man" and have been established as a predictive factor of men's IPV perpetration. These ideologies serve to maintain existing social hierarchies that entitle men to seek socially dominant and powerful positions in society, as well as within their intimate relationships. Further, masculinity is considered to be unstable, subject to threat, and in need of …

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Testing The Effects Of Social Exclusion On Emotional Arousal: An Examination Of The Effects Of Psychological Pain And Rumination, Amanda L. Peterson Jun 2022

Testing The Effects Of Social Exclusion On Emotional Arousal: An Examination Of The Effects Of Psychological Pain And Rumination, Amanda L. Peterson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The examination of social exclusion and its impact on future emotional responding may prove to be a fruitful area of research in the prevention of suicide. Additionally, there may be other factors (such as the experience of psychological pain and rumination) that may influence how one responds to social exclusion. However, little research has explored individual differences in reactions to social exclusion. As such, the present study explored how social exclusion influences emotional responding to other environmental stimuli, as well as examining how a history of psychological pain and rumination affected how one responds to social exclusion. 503 undergraduate students …

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The Draw Of The Wild: How To Easily Integrate Nature Into Clinical Practice, Jason T. Duffy Jun 2022

The Draw Of The Wild: How To Easily Integrate Nature Into Clinical Practice, Jason T. Duffy

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

For thousands of years many societies and people have intuitively recognized the wellness-enhancing power of the natural world as well as its ability to assist people in the construction of a sense of purpose and meaning. More recently, research emanating from the field of ecotherapy as well as other fields has begun to build empirical support for the efficacy of the natural world in promoting mental and physical health. This conceptual manuscript provides the rationale for integrating nature into clinical practice and describes flexible, concise, and easy ways for counselors to utilize ecotherapy in their work with clients, including, ironically, …

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Understanding And Working Through Self-Harm, Maya Wilde Jun 2022

Understanding And Working Through Self-Harm, Maya Wilde

Student Works

Self-harm is a coping strategy used by many adolescents dealing with mental disorders. Fifteen articles from academic journals published between 2012 and 2022 were examined. Those who struggle with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) experience overactivation in the fronto-limbic system of the brain, which includes the amygdala (Kaess et al., 2021). Self-harm decreases activity and stress in the amygdala and increases the amount of dopamine in the brain (Kaess et al., 2021; Reitz et al., 2015). Self-harm may be used as a way to regulate negative affect. Seeing blood might be a significant part of an episode of NSSI, but it is …

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Sexual Compulsivity, Erectile Dysfunction, And Suicidality Among Male Survivors Of Military Sexual Violence, Rebecca K. Blais, Bingyu Xu, Tim Hoyt, Tierney K. Lorenz, Lindsey L. Monteith Jun 2022

Sexual Compulsivity, Erectile Dysfunction, And Suicidality Among Male Survivors Of Military Sexual Violence, Rebecca K. Blais, Bingyu Xu, Tim Hoyt, Tierney K. Lorenz, Lindsey L. Monteith

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with an increased risk of suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation among service members and veterans, there is limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms of MST and suicidality among men. The current study examined whether MST was associated with sexual compulsivity and/or erectile dysfunction and if these, in turn, explained elevated suicidal thoughts and the likelihood of engaging in future suicidal behavior after accounting for mental health, military, and demographic characteristics. Servicemembers and veteranswho reported their gender as male (N = 508) were recruited via social media and completed online self-report measures assessing …

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Improving Adult Sex Offender Rehabilitation With Strength-Based Approaches, Jennifer Kirshenbaum Jun 2022

Improving Adult Sex Offender Rehabilitation With Strength-Based Approaches, Jennifer Kirshenbaum

Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections

New approaches in any field require analysis. In forensic psychology, strength-based approaches are a relatively new approach used with a variety of offenders, but most especially with adult sex offenders. The goal of this literature review is to understand, through the unification of many research papers, how and why strength-based approaches provide more efficient programs and reduced recidivism for this population. While including a statistical background of adult sex offenders in Canada and a history of all the models discussed, the central tenet of this paper is that despite considerable academic debate, RNR and CBT models work well, but they …

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Logos And Ethos: Heroism And Social Bildung In China, Jiarui Bai Jun 2022

Logos And Ethos: Heroism And Social Bildung In China, Jiarui Bai

Heroism Science

This article explores how heroism is constructed in China’s sociocultural context of values. It identifies a sociocultural novel, film, and heroic TV program as a mechanism for producing heroism for Chinese society. Furthermore, it explores the heroic principles that are generated by these media and how they inform expected actions in China. The article thus argues that the construction of Chinese heroism embodies specific representations of the expectations of humankind, a kind of “governing by worth” in heroism science. The function of these representations, forming heroic idols, could therefore help individuals become heroes with logos and ethos in pathos, subsuming …

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Reinforcement In The Information Revolution, Phillip M. Baker Jun 2022

Reinforcement In The Information Revolution, Phillip M. Baker

SPU Works

This chapter will outline what it means to be a behaving human and how AI makes sense of these concepts. It will then explore possible near-future implications of our remarkable progress in understanding how human behavior works with the assistance of AI from a neurobiological basis. A focus on understanding the reinforcement mechanisms of the brain will reveal the consequences of ceding control of so much of our brain-environment interactions to AI. It will conclude by offering a potential Christian response to this digital reality from a uniquely Anabaptist perspective.

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Tell Me A Story: Exploring The Use Of Narratives To Reduce Backlash To Organizational Diversity Initiatives, Desmond W. Leung Jun 2022

Tell Me A Story: Exploring The Use Of Narratives To Reduce Backlash To Organizational Diversity Initiatives, Desmond W. Leung

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Diversity initiatives represent key priorities for many organizations, but research and recent high-profile examples suggest that diversity initiatives can generate significant backlash, particularly among organizational members. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how narrative forms of diversity initiative messaging may attenuate backlash among organizational members compared to more traditional expository forms of diversity initiative messaging. Drawing on research related to narrative communication, persuasion, and diversity, I proposed a first-stage dual moderated mediation model where psychological reactance and perceptions of realistic threat mediate the negative effect of narrative (vs. expository) diversity messaging on backlash. Additionally, I examined whether …

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Mental Health Literacy Among University Educators, Danni Ewing Jun 2022

Mental Health Literacy Among University Educators, Danni Ewing

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Mental health literacy is a term originally coined the in 1990s that refers to the recognition, prevention, and management of mental illness. Poor mental health literacy can delay or prevent treatment (Godfrey Born et al., 2019; Tay et al., 2018). Higher mental health literacy increases help-seeking behaviors, positive attitudes towards treatments, and improves health outcomes (Jorm, 2012; Rüsch et al., 2011). The current study aimed to explore the mental health literacy of university educators to support student mental health. The study used an electronic survey to collect demographic data, information related to teaching and mental health experience, and responses to …

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Multiple Identities, Colorblind White Parents, And Persisting Adoption Stigma: Toward An Intersectional Perspective Of Asian American Transracial Adoption, Michelle Y. Leipzig Jun 2022

Multiple Identities, Colorblind White Parents, And Persisting Adoption Stigma: Toward An Intersectional Perspective Of Asian American Transracial Adoption, Michelle Y. Leipzig

University Honors Theses

Asian TRAs' experiences are continually shaped by United States policies that were installed to safeguard the current White dominant power structure. The existential threat of COVID-19 imitates the fear-based conditions that historically galvanized the White dominant majority to execute sinophobic immigration laws, imprison hundreds of thousands of Japanese Americans during World War II, and overturn federal abortion rights for women - in a striking display of relevance, the last example occurred during the development of this thesis. Asian TRAs' proximity to Whiteness through their adoption into White families can prevent them from garnering the tools necessary to navigate a racist …

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Trans Men: Precarious Manhood And The Paradox Of Hegemonic Masculinity, Alexander-Lee K. Kinmore Jun 2022

Trans Men: Precarious Manhood And The Paradox Of Hegemonic Masculinity, Alexander-Lee K. Kinmore

University Honors Theses

This thesis utilizes existing literature on gender essentialism, gender socialization, precarious manhood theory, and transphobic discrimination in order to examine the ways in which transgender men conceptualize their internal male identity and respond to threats like discrimination and violence. Transgender men have an essential male identity that does not depend on their sense of masculinity and develops during childhood while they are living in a body considered biologically female. Their experience of early gender socialization allows them to understand masculinity and femininity as concepts that exist in different levels within us all, and does not rely on hegemonic masculine ideals …

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Archetype, Story, And Myth Within Bulgarian Folklore And Black American Music, Wes C. Georgiev Jun 2022

Archetype, Story, And Myth Within Bulgarian Folklore And Black American Music, Wes C. Georgiev

University Honors Theses

The confluence of several disciplines is explored through the investigation of archetypes, stories, folklore, and myths within the realm of music composition. This research aims to draw fresh conclusions which contend with some of the meanings of being a human. All research is done in conjunction with the creation of a new body of compositions written and arranged for piano, upright bass, and drum set. The academic objective of these pieces is to combine many of the salient characteristics of Bulgarian Folk music with those of Black American music. The supporting research in this essay examines centuries of migration, conflict, …

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Stigma And Rurality: How Community Type Influences Stigmatizing Views Toward Mental Illness, Kirsten P. Speights Jun 2022

Stigma And Rurality: How Community Type Influences Stigmatizing Views Toward Mental Illness, Kirsten P. Speights

Honors Theses

Public stigma, or a set of negative attitudes and beliefs that can contribute to discrimination against those with mental illnesses, negatively affects behavioral health care and may be particularly prevalent in rural communities. The goal of this study was to examine public stigma across rural, suburban, and urban communities, as well as its association with mental health symptoms. An online survey was conducted using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) service as well as the University of Southern Mississippi’s SONA platform. Demographic data, community type, and mental health symptoms were collected via self-report inventories. When looking at the combined SONA (n= 298) …

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Brain Tract Structure Predicts Relapse To Stimulant Drug Use, Loreen Tisdall, Kelly H. Macniven, Claudia B. Padula, Josiah K. Leong, Brian Knutson Jun 2022

Brain Tract Structure Predicts Relapse To Stimulant Drug Use, Loreen Tisdall, Kelly H. Macniven, Claudia B. Padula, Josiah K. Leong, Brian Knutson

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Diffusion tractography allows identification and measurement of structural tracts in the human brain previously associated with motivated behavior in animal models. Recent findings indicate that the structural properties of a tract connecting the midbrain to nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are associated with a diagnosis of stimulant use disorder (SUD), but not relapse. In this preregistered study, we used diffusion tractography in a sample of patients treated for SUD (n = 60) to determine whether qualities of tracts projecting from medial prefrontal, anterior insular, and amygdalar cortices to NAcc might instead foreshadow relapse. As predicted, reduced diffusion metrics of a tract …

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Neurofeedback Training For Attentional Processing In Anxious Individuals, Caleb Benjamin Barcenas Jun 2022

Neurofeedback Training For Attentional Processing In Anxious Individuals, Caleb Benjamin Barcenas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The current study assessed the effectiveness of neurofeedback training for reducing anxiety symptoms and improving attention and response control in adults with self-reported anxiety. This paper presents a review of an archival database of a sample of individuals with reported attention concerns who received 20 to 40 neurofeedback training sessions at a university outpatient clinic. Participants were administered and completed the Integrated Visual and Auditory – Version 2 (IVA-2) Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS) before and after the intervention. Findings showed that participants significantly improved their scores on the Full Scale Attention Quotient (FAQ) and …

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Cultural And Psychological Predictors Of Exercise-Treatment Adherence And Hba1c For People With Type 2 Diabetes, Connor M. Nance Jun 2022

Cultural And Psychological Predictors Of Exercise-Treatment Adherence And Hba1c For People With Type 2 Diabetes, Connor M. Nance

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Guided by the theoretical framework of Betancourt’s integrative model The aim of this study is to examine the relations among sociodemographic, cultural beliefs (i.e., cultural inhibitors of exercise), diabetes social support, and psychological factors (i.e., exercise self-efficacy, diabetes distress), as predictors of treatment adherence (biological and self-reported frequency) in a diverse population with Type-II Diabetes. It was hypothesized that: (1) cultural inhibitors of exercise and diabetes social support would predict exercise treatment adherence directly and/or indirectly via exercise self-efficacy; and (2) diabetes social support would predict HbA1c via the direct and/or indirect effect of diabetes distress. Findings suggest that both …

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Introduction To Infant Early Childhood Mental Health And Trauma Training Program, Irene Rosaly Cortez Jun 2022

Introduction To Infant Early Childhood Mental Health And Trauma Training Program, Irene Rosaly Cortez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This program aims to understand the lack of infant-early childhood trauma-informed care training for mental health clinicians. The current efforts to enhance mental health clinicians’ therapeutic knowledge and awareness through the development of the CCCT with the emphasis on trauma-informed care show significance to treat infant-early childhood trauma. Due to children’s susceptibility to trauma and developmental vulnerability, if trauma remains unaddressed, there are long lasting negative effects throughout their adulthood, as shown through the ACE’s study. Furthermore, the program’s theoretical framework encompasses Attachment Theory with the integration of the Theory of Neuroscience, Bowen family systems theory, Reflective Practice Model, and …

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Uniting African Philosophy With Traditional African Dance Rituals To Help Heal Mental Health Symptoms From The Impact Of The African Diaspora, Brittnea Jones Jun 2022

Uniting African Philosophy With Traditional African Dance Rituals To Help Heal Mental Health Symptoms From The Impact Of The African Diaspora, Brittnea Jones

Dissertations

The mental health challenges of members of the African diaspora have been a worldwide occurrence for centuries, initially beginning with the transatlantic slave trade. Africans were scattered abroad to different countries and subjected to the severe psychological impact of enslavement. Despite the considerable financial systemic pressure of profit in the slave trade, it caused significant harm to the enslaved Africans and their descendants by erasing Africa's memory and their healing traditions from the hearts and minds of the population. Severe mental health symptoms can arise from oppression and the impact of the African diaspora. This dispersion has left many African …

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Testing An Overtraining Protocol For Fear Learning In Humans, Gordon M. Haskell Jun 2022

Testing An Overtraining Protocol For Fear Learning In Humans, Gordon M. Haskell

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Successful regulation of fear memories is a fundamental tenet to the exposure-based therapies often employed by mental health professionals for individuals with PTSD, phobias, and other anxiety disorders. Consequently, the efficacy of these treatment methodologies is largely dependent on the strength of the fear memory, as stronger memories are often characterized by an increased resistance to extinction and heightened fear recovery. However, there is little consensus within the scientific community regarding how to effectively maximize fear memory strength in human studies, and the literature exploring the impact of variability in acquisition parameters on memory strength is sparse. Here, we tested …

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Effects Of Chronic Stress On Safety Processing And Physiology In The Medial Prefrontal-Amygdala-Basal Forebrain Circuit, Itamar S. Grunfeld Jun 2022

Effects Of Chronic Stress On Safety Processing And Physiology In The Medial Prefrontal-Amygdala-Basal Forebrain Circuit, Itamar S. Grunfeld

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chronic stress increases generalization of fear to non-threatening cues, a key symptom in numerous psychiatric mood disorders. However, the mechanisms through which stress impacts safety learning remain poorly understood. To probe the relationship between stress and safety learning, this dissertation employed multiple behaviors, in conjunction with in-vivo multisite physiology during explicit safety and fear discrimination learning. In Chapter 1, I outline the role of chronic stress in driving neurological adaptations that result in generalized fear and highlight how this occurs because of impaired safety cue encoding. In Chapter 2, I show that chronic stress in the form of social defeat …

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