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Mechanisms Linking Threat- And Deprivation-Related Childhood Adversity And Depression: The Biopsychosocial Model, Cut N. Kemala, Marijtje L.A. Jongsma, Donny Hendrawan, Eni Becker Apr 2023

Mechanisms Linking Threat- And Deprivation-Related Childhood Adversity And Depression: The Biopsychosocial Model, Cut N. Kemala, Marijtje L.A. Jongsma, Donny Hendrawan, Eni Becker

Psychological Research on Urban Society

Childhood adversity involves a wide range of negative experiences that pose a serious threat to a child’s wellbeing. It has been consistently shown to predict (chronic) depression in subsequent stages of development, but mechanisms underlying the relationship are still less clear. Moving from a cumulative approach of lumping heterogeneous categories of childhood adversity to a dimensional approach of classifying negative experiences into two major dimensions (threat and deprivation) has facilitated the identification of specific processes by which childhood adversity can predict depression. This review aims to provide an integrative overview of how childhood adversity increases the risk for depression using …

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Flying Under The Radar: A Survey Of Collegiate Pilots’ Mental Health To Identify Aeromedical Nondisclosure And Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors, Emily Faulconer, Lauren Pitts Apr 2023

Flying Under The Radar: A Survey Of Collegiate Pilots’ Mental Health To Identify Aeromedical Nondisclosure And Healthcare-Seeking Behaviors, Emily Faulconer, Lauren Pitts

Publications

The disclosure of a new or existing mental health condition in a pilot complicates their medical certification status. It has been proposed that the threat of losing medical certification often discourages pilots from seeking treatment for mental health issues or disclosing such information to aeromedical professionals, contributing to a barrier to seeking healthcare that affects pilots of all certification levels. The current study focused on the nondisclosure and healthcare-seeking behaviors of the collegiate pilot population(N = 2,452)at a large, accredited, private institution that offers flight training in accordance with Pilot Schools (2022). Data collected from our anonymous online survey over …

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Trait Sadism In Bdsm Practitioners And Non-Practitioners, Marley Russell Apr 2023

Trait Sadism In Bdsm Practitioners And Non-Practitioners, Marley Russell

Psychology ETDs

Sadism is an elusive construct within psychology. Multiple types are studied without clear psychometric or theoretical distinctions, and operationalizations of these respective sub-constructs lack validity. This study explores the empirical distinction between two sadism types: consensual sexual sadism (i.e. in the context of BDSM) and trait sadism. Trait sadism is widely synonymized with “everyday sadism”, but here conceptualized as a higher-order construct encompassing both everyday and a novel “prosocial sadism”. I develop and pilot the BDSM Identities and Behaviors (BIB) checklist in a sample of BDSM practitioners. I then compare those practitioners to non-practitioners on trait sadism and dark triad …

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Exploring The Dynamics Of Negotiating Everyday Sexism In India: A Daily Diary Study, Sudha Shashwati, Parul Gupta, Preeti Kapur Apr 2023

Exploring The Dynamics Of Negotiating Everyday Sexism In India: A Daily Diary Study, Sudha Shashwati, Parul Gupta, Preeti Kapur

The Qualitative Report

This study was undertaken to investigate the negotiation of everyday sexism encountered by college going young adult women in India in an urban context. An open-ended daily diary form was constructed, and 185 such forms were filled by 58 women enrolled in various colleges of a central university located in Delhi, India. These were analysed by content analysis with the help of NVivo software with a focus on target and type of sexism reported as well as response to sexist incident faced. The findings of this study reveal that participants chose inaction (53%) more than confronting sexism (47%), and reasons …

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Families And Friends Of Homicide Victims’ Experiences With The Healthcare System: A Trauma-Informed Perspective, Jeanna Mastrocinque, R.S. Martino, Wanda Foglia, P. Navratil, J. Metzger, E. A. Cerceo Apr 2023

Families And Friends Of Homicide Victims’ Experiences With The Healthcare System: A Trauma-Informed Perspective, Jeanna Mastrocinque, R.S. Martino, Wanda Foglia, P. Navratil, J. Metzger, E. A. Cerceo

College of Humanities and Social Sciences Departmental Research

Introduction: Families and friends of homicide victims (FFHV) interact with healthcare systems almost immediately after the traumatic event. Their interactions with healthcare providers can either facilitate healing, have a neutral effect, or compound an already painful experience. When trauma victims are admitted to the hospital, resources are necessarily diverted on their behalf with less consistent attention paid to their families and friends. The interactions surrounding the immediate circumstance as well as experiences in the weeks to months after can have significant long-term impact. This study explores the needs and experiences of FFHV when interacting with the healthcare system to inform …

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Plants Lack The Functional Neurotransmitters And Signaling Pathways Required For Sentience In Animals, David G. Robinson, Michael R. Blatt, Andreas Draguhn, Lincoln Taiz, Jon Mallatt Apr 2023

Plants Lack The Functional Neurotransmitters And Signaling Pathways Required For Sentience In Animals, David G. Robinson, Michael R. Blatt, Andreas Draguhn, Lincoln Taiz, Jon Mallatt

Animal Sentience

We cannot agree with Segundo-Ortin and Calvo that plants are sentient organisms. We have critically examined several aspects of their target article, and find their claims are not supported by the published evidence. We address these claims in sections on whether plants have a ‘neurobiology’ analogous to that of animal nervous systems, including neurotransmitters and synaptic receptors that respond to anesthetics; and whether plant signaling resembles neural transmission. For the latter, we especially consider the unique way plants signal their responses to wounding. Although the plant vascular system has been compared to the animal nervous system, animal blood vessels would …

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What Will Happen If Science Will Develop A Theory Of Consciousness? Negative Ramifications., Sam S.. Rakover Apr 2023

What Will Happen If Science Will Develop A Theory Of Consciousness? Negative Ramifications., Sam S.. Rakover

Journal of Conscious Evolution

For a long time, philosophers and scientists have attempted without success to develop a mind-body theory, a consciousness theory (Tc) to explain the exact relation between the mind and the body, a solution which is based on an assumed connection between consciousness and the activity of the neurophysiological processes in the brain. An important concern of the present paper, then, is to address the question of why, despite the great research effort on the subject, no successful Tc has ever been developed. In response, McGinn (1989) proposes that the human being’s cognitive system is not equipped to …

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How Peoples’ Perceptions Of Their Parents’ Parenting Style Correlate To Their Perceptions Of Their Own Parenting Style, Madelynn M. Roberson Apr 2023

How Peoples’ Perceptions Of Their Parents’ Parenting Style Correlate To Their Perceptions Of Their Own Parenting Style, Madelynn M. Roberson

Honors College Theses

This study sought to observe how parenting styles may be passed down through generations. Data were collected from the parents of children aged 5 years and younger who were recruited from social media in the Lowcountry area in Georgia. These parents completed a short survey, specifically, the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). Each parent completed the PAQ three times, one for their perception of each of their parents and one for their perception of their own parenting. We measured the results and categorized the parenting styles into Baumrind’s three parenting styles: Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive. Once the results were measured we …

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Consciousness, Evolution, And The Self-Organizing Brain, Karen Seymour Apr 2023

Consciousness, Evolution, And The Self-Organizing Brain, Karen Seymour

Journal of Conscious Evolution

While evolution is guided by natural selection, it is internally driven by self-organizing processes. The brain encompasses these complementary forces and dynamics of evolution in both its structure and dynamics by embodying a historical record of the factors that have shaped it throughout its evolutionary past, as well as by being shaped by selective parameters in real time. Self-organization is evident in not only the brain’s structure and form, but also in the processes that support consciousness. From the convergence of complex structure and the novelty-generating dynamics of chaos that both characterize the brain arises the experience of explicit consciousness, …

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Work, Stress, And Christian Spiritual Coping, Guillermo Villasenor Apr 2023

Work, Stress, And Christian Spiritual Coping, Guillermo Villasenor

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Stress is a common theme in today's work environment. Stress can positively and negatively impact an individual's ability to do work. It has been found that perceived stress at work can impact a person's physical, emotional, and mental state. Studies show a correlation between stress with anxiety, depression, work efficiency, and burnout syndrome. Christian spiritual/ religious coping is one of the significant ways people cope when faced with stress. Spirituality is the belief in a Supreme Being, and Christianity is based on the belief in Jesus Christ as God and the director of humankind. Christian-based spiritual coping with work stress …

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Intercorrelations Between Essentialist Beliefs And Religious, Political, And National Identities, Truman Deree Apr 2023

Intercorrelations Between Essentialist Beliefs And Religious, Political, And National Identities, Truman Deree

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

Research on essentialist beliefs has largely focused on a few identities associated with biological traits that have socially constructed significance and meanings placed on them (e.g., skin color for race or voice pitch for gender). Identities that are more choice-based (e.g., religion or politics) or otherwise non-physical (e.g., nationality) have been underrepresented in research on essentialism. The concept of essentialism is important because the action of regarding natural biological factors as immutable and determinant has been found to lead to racial and political discrimination. The current study surveyed participants on their national, religious, and political beliefs to investigate the relationships …

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A Quieter Ocean: Experimentally Derived Differences In Attentive Responses Of Tursiops Truncatus To Anthropogenic Noise Playbacks Before And During The Covid-19-Related Anthropause, Paige E. Stevens, Veda Allen, Jason N. Bruck Apr 2023

A Quieter Ocean: Experimentally Derived Differences In Attentive Responses Of Tursiops Truncatus To Anthropogenic Noise Playbacks Before And During The Covid-19-Related Anthropause, Paige E. Stevens, Veda Allen, Jason N. Bruck

Faculty Publications

The effects of anthropogenic noise continue to threaten marine fauna, yet the impacts of human-produced sound on the broad aspects of cognition in marine mammals remain relatively understudied. The shutdown of non-essential activities due to the COVID-19-related anthropause created an opportunity to determine if reducing levels of oceanic anthropogenic noise on cetaceans affected processes of sensitization and habituation for common human-made sounds in an experimental setting. Dolphins at Dolphin Quest Bermuda were presented with three noises related to human activities (cruise ship, personal watercraft, and Navy low-frequency active sonar) both in 2018 and again during the anthropause in 2021 via …

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Survey On Current Interventions For Childhood Problem Behavior And Their Link To Future Criminal Behavior, Jada N. Stevens Apr 2023

Survey On Current Interventions For Childhood Problem Behavior And Their Link To Future Criminal Behavior, Jada N. Stevens

Honors College Theses

Criminal behavior is a prevalent concern for many communities. As such, researchers and clinicians often look for core causes of criminal behavior to address them early. Some theorize that childhood problem behavior is a common predictor of adult criminal behavior. As a result, emphasis is often placed on addressing childhood problem behavior early in order to prevent future criminal behavior. The current study explores the link between childhood problem behavior and adult criminal behavior. Specifically, we will look at how middle school teachers are addressing childhood problem behavior and how that relates to future predictions of criminal behavior. Data will …

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The Effect Of A Gratitude Intervention On Acute Pain Toleration, Cynthia Ware Apr 2023

The Effect Of A Gratitude Intervention On Acute Pain Toleration, Cynthia Ware

Honors College Theses

Gratitude interventions are emerging as a method to improve physical health outcomes; however, gratitude’s effect on pain perception and the autonomic response is understudied. Recent research suggests the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex is activated in gratitude interventions and is also involved in the perception of pain and the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effect of state gratitude induction on pain through the use of the cold pressor method. We found that although there were no significant differences in self-reported unpleasantness, participants in the gratitude condition reported a higher intensity of pain. Nevertheless, participants …

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Plants Detect And Adapt, But Do Not Feel, Paul C. Struik Apr 2023

Plants Detect And Adapt, But Do Not Feel, Paul C. Struik

Animal Sentience

Plant sentience is a hot topic in scientific and popular media. There are moral reasons to respect both the service of plants to humanity and their natural integrity as creatures playing their own significant role in a complex ecosystem. However, to infer that plants have certain cognitive capacities that are present also in certain human and nonhuman animals calls for scientific rigor beyond mere analogy. The unique capacities of plants identified by Segundo-Ortin & Calvo are not necessarily linked to sentience. Nor is it likely that sentience is an evolutionary trait that is present to some extent in all living …

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Depression And Anxiety: Experiences, Symptoms, And Help Seeking Attitude Differences Between Males And Females, Jenna K. Groom Apr 2023

Depression And Anxiety: Experiences, Symptoms, And Help Seeking Attitude Differences Between Males And Females, Jenna K. Groom

Honors College Theses

The current study examined the differences in experiences of depression and anxiety, symptoms, and help-seeking behaviors between males and females. The importance of this research was to better understand the impact that sex has on how individuals are affected by and live with mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Participants took an online survey that asked them a series of questions about their experiences with mental illness, their perceptions of mental illness, and their ideas toward mental health assistance. T-test analyses and correlations were conducted in order to better understand how males and females differ when it comes to mental …

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Questions About Sentience Are Not Scientific But Cultural, Yoram Gutfreund Apr 2023

Questions About Sentience Are Not Scientific But Cultural, Yoram Gutfreund

Animal Sentience

Abstract: The findings of complex cognitive-like behaviours in plants are surprising and exciting. However, they do not provide a scientific reason for ascribing sentience to plants. The target article, in trying to provide evidence for sentience in plants, exposes the weakness of the science of animal consciousness in general. In this commentary, I try to explain why the scientific method is incapable of resolving the question of which organisms or systems are sentient.

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Aerobic Exercise And Academic Performance: The Effects Of Long Distance Running On Gpa And Academic Procrastination, Christina Veatch Apr 2023

Aerobic Exercise And Academic Performance: The Effects Of Long Distance Running On Gpa And Academic Procrastination, Christina Veatch

Psychology Student Projects

The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between aerobic activity and academic performance. Researchers wanted to understand how much aerobic activity was needed in order to see the most, if any, benefit to academic performance measured by an increase in grade point average (GPA) and a decrease in academic procrastination. The study will be conducted at Taylor University with 100 consenting sophomore participant students that will be participating in a running fitness course. The participants will be randomly assigned between the two groups, one group that will be running five times a week Monday through Friday and …

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Lgbtq+ Stress And Trauma Within The Dsm-5: Acase Study Adaptation Of The Uconn Racial/Ethnic Stress And Trauma Survey (Unrests), Jenna M. Wolff, Raeann E. Anderson, Katya Mickelson Apr 2023

Lgbtq+ Stress And Trauma Within The Dsm-5: Acase Study Adaptation Of The Uconn Racial/Ethnic Stress And Trauma Survey (Unrests), Jenna M. Wolff, Raeann E. Anderson, Katya Mickelson

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial Of Online-Delivered Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics-Enhanced, Jordan Stiede Apr 2023

A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Pilot Trial Of Online-Delivered Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention For Tics-Enhanced, Jordan Stiede

Dissertations (1934 -)

Although studies demonstrate that comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is more effective than nonspecific supportive therapy in reducing tics and related impairment, there is room for improvement, as up to 47% of treatment seeking youth do not show adequate response to treatment. Accordingly, the current randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot trial examined the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and durability of online-delivered CBIT-Enhanced (CBIT-E), which included the standard CBIT protocol, plus specific and targeted instrumental conditioning procedures focused on directly reinforcing the use of inhibitory competing responses. The present study also explored differences in tic severity outcomes between CBIT-E participants and waitlist control …

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Introduction To The Special Issue On The Acbs Taskforce Report, Michael P. Twohig, Joanna J. Arch, Ian Stewart Apr 2023

Introduction To The Special Issue On The Acbs Taskforce Report, Michael P. Twohig, Joanna J. Arch, Ian Stewart

Psychology Faculty Publications

In 2021, the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (JCBS) published a white paper titled “Report of the ACBS Task Force on the strategies and tactics of contextual behavioral science research.” The focus of this report was to guide research done by members of the Association of Contextual Behavioral Science. This report offered 33 specific recommendations under five themes. This paper is the introduction to a special issue of JCBS that includes eight commentaries written by leaders in their respective fields on the taskforce report. These commentaries offer praise and suggestions based on the ACBS report.

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Examining The Mediating Role Of Co2 In Symptom Change During Capnometry-Assisted Respiratory Training (Cart) Using A Transdiagnostic Sample, Anni Hasratian Apr 2023

Examining The Mediating Role Of Co2 In Symptom Change During Capnometry-Assisted Respiratory Training (Cart) Using A Transdiagnostic Sample, Anni Hasratian

Psychology Theses and Dissertations

Much research supports the relation between respiration and mood, and more particularly, between hypocapnia and negative affect. A review of breathing trainings has demonstrated that traditional breathing trainings do not target CO2 directly, which maintains or worsens chronic hypocapnia. Capnometry-Assisted Respiratory Training (CART) was developed to directly target increasing CO2 with patients with panic disorder through the use of a biofeedback device. It is less known whether the positive effects of CART generalize to other negative mood states, such as non-panic anxiety, since hyperventilation is a well-known response to stress and anxiety. Further, the relation between CO2 and depression has …

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The Global Anxiety Crisis In Teenagers And A Proposed School-Based Preventative Intervention Plan Focusing On Building Resilience In Children, Lia Darling Apr 2023

The Global Anxiety Crisis In Teenagers And A Proposed School-Based Preventative Intervention Plan Focusing On Building Resilience In Children, Lia Darling

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change have significantly influenced teenagers, creating a global anxiety crisis. This paper discusses why and how the pandemic and climate crisis increased anxiety in teenagers and the ways that prevent anxiety disorders like building resilience in children. While there is much literature on the negative effects on mental well-being, few propose solutions. This paper discusses the urgent need for preventative interventions to decrease the risk of developing an anxiety disorder along with proposing a framework for a school-based intervention focusing on building resilience skills in children. The paper used a mix method …

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Covid-19 Is Not All Bad News: Negative And Surprisingly Positive Reports From College Stem Students And Implications For Stem Instruction, Yuchen Jiang, Boyan Ma, Zimo Ma, Pamela M. Propsom, Zaheen Rashed '24, Rudrayani Upadhyay, Zichen Zhao Apr 2023

Covid-19 Is Not All Bad News: Negative And Surprisingly Positive Reports From College Stem Students And Implications For Stem Instruction, Yuchen Jiang, Boyan Ma, Zimo Ma, Pamela M. Propsom, Zaheen Rashed '24, Rudrayani Upadhyay, Zichen Zhao

Student Research

The negative educational consequences of COVID-19 are well documented. Much less investigated have been any potential positive outcomes of the pandemic. We surveyed 392 students at one college querying why they continue studying STEM or leave the STEM disciplines and about the effects of COVID-19 on their education. STEM students may have been especially impacted by pandemic-imposed remote instruction given STEM’s reliance on hands-on laboratory experiences. Because the literature indicates that people of color and those from lower socioeconomic groups were more negatively affected by COVID-19, we hypothesized that students from these groups would report greater adverse educational consequences of …

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Neuronal Glutamate Transporters Mediate Stereotypic Reward-Based Behaviors, Jaci Yong Apr 2023

Neuronal Glutamate Transporters Mediate Stereotypic Reward-Based Behaviors, Jaci Yong

Psychology

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions (uncontrollable and recurring thoughts), and compulsions (behaviors that one has the urge to repeat several times). One of the genes carrying non-functional mutations in OCD is Slc1a1, the gene that encodes the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1. However, we still have an incomplete understanding of how EAAC1 contributes to the onset of compulsivity in OCD-like behaviors. EAAC1 is abundantly expressed in the striatum, the input nucleus of the basal ganglia implicated with compulsivity and reward. Here, we use a series of behavioral assays to determine whether and how reward-based …

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Wild Women Of Anatolia: The Critical Construct Validity Of The Liberation Of Women In Turkey, Sedef Ozoguz Apr 2023

Wild Women Of Anatolia: The Critical Construct Validity Of The Liberation Of Women In Turkey, Sedef Ozoguz

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Feminist, sexuality and social psychology researchers studying women’s liberation in Turkey have solely focused on freedoms denied, outlining freedoms from gendered political, institutional and intimate constraints such as domestic violence, without much attention to freedoms desired, such as freedom to dream. Following Fromm’s (1941) conceptualization of freedom as freedom from restrictions placed on one and freedom to do what one wants to do authentically, my work engages in the critical construct validity (Fine & Torre, 2019) of the liberation of Turkish women, troubling, questioning and critiquing the assumptions typically made about the construct and offering an alternative way of studying …

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The Economic, Mental Health, And Social Stressors During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Native Americans In South Dakota, Savannah E. Lukkes Apr 2023

The Economic, Mental Health, And Social Stressors During The Covid-19 Pandemic Among Native Americans In South Dakota, Savannah E. Lukkes

Honors Thesis

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities test positive for COVID-19 and experience higher mortality than other racial and ethnic groups. These high rates of vulnerability could be connected to the systemic inequalities that have been experienced for centuries. This study aimed to compare socioeconomic stressors, concerns, and mental health experiences during the early COVID-19 pandemic between AI/AN and non-AIAN populations in South Dakota. The study sample (n=1,586) was grouped by AI/AN and non-AI/AN status based on self-identification of being AI/AN alone or in combination with another race/ethnicity. Participant responses to socioeconomic stressors and concerns (e.g., top concerns, level of concern, self-isolation, …

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Felicidad Aplataná: How Dominican Migrants Living In The Nordic Countries Make Sense Of Their Happiness, Ivanna Lajara Apr 2023

Felicidad Aplataná: How Dominican Migrants Living In The Nordic Countries Make Sense Of Their Happiness, Ivanna Lajara

Dissertations

As globalization evolves and the number of migrants and cross-cultural interactions among world citizens increases, understanding various aspects of immigrants’ experiences, including their happiness and subjective well-being will become fundamental to organizations, governments, and societies. However, there are substantial cross-cultural differences in how people understand their happiness, make sense of experiences that influence happiness, and how large-scale social trends, such as globalization, relate to the individual migration perspectives (Uchida and Ogihara, 2012). Research affirms culture as a key factor influencing happiness (Ye et al., 2015) and living in a foreign country may not only impact one’s perspective on life, but …

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An Exploration Of Manipulating Serotonin To Foster A Successful Life, Grace Rose Paskalides Apr 2023

An Exploration Of Manipulating Serotonin To Foster A Successful Life, Grace Rose Paskalides

Senior Theses

This thesis is broken into three sections: methods of naturally increasing serotonin levels, increased serotonin levels impacts on the body and mind and how those physical and mental impacts translate into a fulfilled life. This thesis presents health effects and measures a fulfilled life in terms of: relationship success, academic and professional achievement, and societal impact. The goal is to explore and expand upon existing scientific inferences of the complex neurotransmitter serotonin. It is not a treatment plan. It investigates benefits of imposing serotonin-increasing behavior into one’s life and speculates tangible measures of success that would likely be consequences of …

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Moral Injury To Inform Analysis Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Amanda Julia Manea Apr 2023

Moral Injury To Inform Analysis Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Amanda Julia Manea

Senior Theses

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that almost one out of ten veterans struggle with. Although the National Center for PTSD has made extensive progress in characterizing and developing new treatments for PTSD, most veterans still experience symptoms of PTSD following treatment. Novel avenues of investigation, such as developing algorithms to review electronic health record (EHR) data and better understanding moral injury, are being pursued to address the gap that still exists when it comes to treating veterans. Moral injury is the individual evaluation of exposure to a potentially morally injurious event (PMIE) and can lead to …

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