Digital Commons Network^™

An Applied Behavior Analysis-Based Intervention To Teach Age-Appropriate Sport Skills To Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Junko Uehara Moran

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that an effective behavioral intervention program can teach children with ASD to engage in age-appropriate lifetime sport activities (i.e., bike ride, scooter ride, skateboard, rollerblade, soccer, and baseball) and the ultimate goal of current intervention is for children with ASD to maintain the skills over time and generalize them to community activities.

An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective On Responsibility Attributions For Infidelity And Relationship Dissolution, Kindra Lynn Edmonson

Theses Digitization Project

This study investigated responsibility attributions for a partner's emotional infidelity and for a partner's sexual infidelity, and the likelyhood that the victim or partner would end the relationship. This study found a significant relationship between responsibility attributions for a romantic partner's unfaithfulness and the likelihood the relationship would end: the stronger the attributions of personal responsibility the more likely the relationship would dissolve.

Persistence Of One-Trial Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization And Conditioned Activity In Preweanling Rats, Anthony Michael Cortez

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the persistence of one-shot context-specific and context-independent behavioral sensitization by administering a single pretreatment injection of cocaine or saline in either the home cage or a novel test chamber on PD 19 or PD 79. In order to examine the persistence of conditioned activity, adult rats were given an injection of saline after 1, 3, or 5 abstinence days. Preweanling rats were given an injection of saline after only 1 abstinence day.

Medial Prefrontal Modulation Of The Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis During Attention-Dependent Learning, Venuz Yadira Greenfield

Theses Digitization Project

The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) sends cholinergic projections to the neocortex. While NBM activation of the neocortex regulates attention and contributes to memory formation, the mechanisms controlling NBM activity during attention-dependent learning are not well understood. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that the mPFC is critically involved in modulating NBM activity during attention-dependent learning in rats. A total of 80 male Long-Evans rats were purchased from a commerical research animal vendor. Rats were randomly assigned to one of four controlled groups. The procedures were done by an animal technician and veterinarian in the CSUSB Social and Behavioral Science vivarium …

Nico-Teen: Neural Substrates That Mediate Adolescent Tobacco Abuse., Laura O'Dell

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Jealousy And Infidelity Among Mexican Couples, Sofia Rivera-­‐Aragon, Rolando Diaz-­‐Loving, Pedro Wolfgang Velasco-­‐Matus, Nancy Montero-­‐Santamaria

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Gender differences in jealously have been traced back to both socio-cultural, as well as to evolutionary sources. The evolutionary approach predicts similar gender differences to be found in all cultures. Socio-cultural explanations, however, suggest that the patterns of gender differences may be culture-specific. The current study investigated gender differences in the relations between jealousy and infidelity in Mexico. 537 participants (248 men; 289 women) filled out an inventory of jealousy and infidelity, respectively. The results show first a positive relationship among infidelity, anger, fear, suspicion, frustration and distrust. Second, the data reveal a clear gender difference in that men desired …

Review: Moral Psychology: Historical And Contemporary Readings, Audrey L. Anton

Philosophy & Religion Faculty Publications

Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings is a much-needed collection of essays on issues of moral psychology. The aim of the book is to present the reader with a comprehensive view of both the history and foundations of moral psychology as well as the discipline's position in academia and its relationship with other disciplines, such as psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology, all of which involve empirical investigation of human capabilities and behavior. This collection is well organized into five distinct parts. Each part has a helpful editorial introduction that not only summarizes the main themes of the debate assigned to …

A New Look At Quantifying Tobacco Exposure During Pregnancy Using Fuzzy Clustering, Hua Fang, Craig Johnson, Christian Stopp, Kimberly Andrews Epsy

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Background—Prenatal tobacco exposure is a risk factor for the development of externalizing behaviors and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Because pregnancy smoking is a complex behavior with both daily fluctuations and changes over the course of pregnancy, quantifying tobacco exposure is a significant challenge. To better measure the degree of tobacco exposure, costly biological specimens and repeated self-report measures of smoking typically are collected throughout pregnancy. With such designs, there are multiple, and substantially correlated, indices that can be integrated via new statistical methods to identify patterns of prenatal exposure.

Method—A multiple-imputation-based fuzzy clustering technique was designed …

A Preliminary Investigation Of Worry Content In Sexual Minorities, Brandon J. Weiss, Debra A. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This preliminary study examined the nature of worry content of lesbians, gay men, and bisexual individuals and the relationship between worry related to sexual orientation and mental health. A community sample of 54 individuals identifying as sexual minorities was recruited from two cities in the Great Plains to complete a packet of questionaires, including a modified Worry Domains Questionnaire (WDQ; Tallis, Eysenck, & Mathews, 1992) with additional items constructed to assess worry over discrimination related to sexual orientation, and participate in a worry induction and verbalization task. The content of self-reported worries was consistent with those reported in prior investigations …

The Plight Of “Big Black Dogs” In American Animal Shelters: Color-Based Canine Discrimination, Amanda Leonard

Attitudes Towards Animals Collection

The paper begins by describing Big Black Dog Syndrome and its effects in shelters across the United States. I then discuss the physical and environmental factors that contribute to BBD Syndrome; Western symbolism associated with the color black, historical examples of black dogs as negative entities in Western culture, and the concept of “unconscious background checking,” which negatively impacts the adoption rates of BBDs. Lastly, I offer some suggestions as to how shelters in the United States can ameliorate the negative effects of BBD Syndrome.

Beyond Anthropomorphism: Attributing Psychological Properties To Animals, Kristin Andrews

Attitudes Towards Animals Collection

In the context of animal cognitive research, “anthropomorphism” is defined as the attribution of uniquely human mental characteristics to non-human animals. Those who worry about anthropomorphism in research are confronted with the question of which properties are uniquely human. As animals, humans and non-human animals1 share a number of biological, morphological, relational, and spatial properties. In addition, it is widely accepted and humans and animals share some psychological properties such as the ability to fear or desire. These claims about the properties animals share with humans are often the products of empirical work.

Cetaceans And Primates: Convergence In Intelligence And Self-Awareness, Lori Marino

Sentience Collection

Cetaceans (dolphins, porpoises and whales) have been of greatest interest to the astrobiology community and to those interested in consciousness and selfawareness in animals. This interest has grown primarily from knowledge of the intelligence, language and large complex brains that many cetaceans possess. The study of cetacean and primate brain evolution and cognition can inform us about the contingencies and parameters associated with the evolution of complex intelligence in general, and, the evolution of consciousness. Striking differences in cortical organization in the brains of cetaceans and primates along with shared cognitive capacities such as self-awareness, culture, and symbolic concept comprehension, …

Pantomime In Great Apes: Evidence And Implications, Ann E. Russon, Kristin Andrews

Sentience Collection

We recently demonstrated, by mining observational data, that forest-living orangutans can communicate using gestures that qualify as Pantomime. Pantomimes, like other iconic gestures, physically resemble their referents. More elaborately, pantomimes involve enacting their referents. Holding thumb and finger together at the lips and blowing between them to mean balloon is one example. Here we sketch evidence of pantomime in other great apes, methodological concerns, and sophisticated cognitive capabilities that great ape pantomimes suggest.

Pain Perception In Fish: Evidence And Implications For The Use Of Fish, Lynne U. Sneddon

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Pain assessment in fish is particularly challenging due to their evolutionary distance from humans, their lack of audible vocalization, and apparently expressionless demeanour. However, there are criteria that can be used to gauge whether pain perception occurs using carefully executed scientific approaches. Here, the standards for pain in fish are discussed and can be considered in three ways: neural detection and processing of pain; adverse responses to pain; and consciously experiencing pain. Many procedures that we subject fish to cause tissue damage and may give rise to the sensation of pain. Fish are popular as pets, in animal exhibits, and …

Qualitative Behavioural Assessment And Quantitative Physiological Measurement Of Cattle Naïve And Habituated To Road Transport, C. A. Stockman, T. Collins, A. L. Barnes, D. Miller, S. L. Wickham, D. T. Beatty, D. Blache, F. Wemelsfelder, P. A. Fleming

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

The present study examined whether observers could distinguish between cattle that are naïve to road transport and the same cattle after becoming more habituated to transport. The behavioural expression of cattle was assessed through the method of qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA), and these assessments were correlated with various physiological parameters. Fourteen Angus steers were assessed during their first road trip and then again on their ninth trip, 15 days later. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after transport, and heart rate and core body temperature were measured continuously throughout each trip. Video footage recorded during each trip was edited …

Signs Of Mood And Anxiety Disorders In Chimpanzees, Hope Ferdowsian, Debra Durham, Charles Kimwele, Godelieve Kranendonk, Emily Otali, Timothy Akugizibwe, J. B. Mulcahy, Lilly Ajarova, Cassie Meré Johnson

Sentience Collection

Background: In humans, traumatic experiences are sometimes followed by psychiatric disorders. In chimpanzees, studies have demonstrated an association between traumatic events and the emergence of behavioral disturbances resembling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We addressed the following central question: Do chimpanzees develop posttraumatic symptoms, in the form of abnormal behaviors, which cluster into syndromes similar to those described in human mood and anxiety disorders?

Methodology/Principal Findings: In phase 1 of this study, we accessed case reports of chimpanzees who had been reportedly subjected to traumatic events, such as maternal separation, social isolation, experimentation, or similar experiences. We applied and …

Microdialect And Group Signature In The Song Of The Skylark Alauda Arvensis, Elodie Briefer, Fanny Rybak, Thierry Aubin

Sentience Collection

The Skylark Alauda arvensis is a territorial species of open landscape in which pairs settle in stable and adjacent territories during the breeding season. Due to the heterogeneity of the habitat, territories are gathered in patches spaced by a few kilometres, in which each male produces very long and complex flight songs as a part of the territorial behaviour. We showed that, in a given patch, all the males (neighbours) share some particular sequences of syllables in their songs, whereas males settled in different patches (strangers) have almost no sequences in common. Such a phenomenon is known as microdialect. To …

The Canine Sand Maze: An Appetitive Spatial Memory Paradigm Sensitive To Age-Related Change In Dogs, Hannah Salvin, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Perminder S. Sachdev, Michael Valenzuela

Spatial Cognition Collection

Aged dogs exhibit a spectrum of cognitive abilities including a syndrome similar to Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment to research so far has been the lack of a quick and accurate test of visuospatial memory appropriate for community-based animals. We therefore report on the development and validation of the Canine Sand Maze. A 4.5-m-diameter circular pool was filled with a sand and powdered food reward mix to a depth of 10 cm. Dogs were given 4 habituation and 16 learning trials which alternated a food reward being half (control trials) or fully-buried (acquisition trials) in a fixed location. After a …

Though The Darkness Hide Thee: A Study Of Depression And Christian Spirituality, Katheryn Klukow

Modern Psychological Studies

The study of depression and its effect on Christian spirituality is sparse at best. This study seeks to integrate the disciplines of psychology and theology in order to better understand the effect depression has upon spirituality. A survey of literature, both recent and historic, sheds light on the hypothesis that depression causes spiritual distress. Particular emphasis is given to the writings of the Puritans, who were prolific on the subject. Original qualitative research involving the interviews of depressed subjects is presented. Implications for clinical treatment and suggestions for further research are put forth.

The Deep Ecology Movement: Origins, Development, And Future Prospects (Toward A Transpersonal Ecosophy), Alan Drengson, Bill Devall, Mark A. Schroll

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

The deep ecology movement, which began with Arne Naess’ introduction of the term in

1972, is compared with other movements for social responsibility that developed in the

20th century. The paper discusses Naess’ cross-cultural approach to characterizing grassroots

movements via platform principles that can be supported from a diversity of cultures,

worldviews, and personal philosophies, and explains his use of “ecosophy.” The deep ecology

movement’s relationship with ecopsychology, ecocriticism, and humanistic and transpersonal

psychology is described as part of an emerging synthesis referred to as transpersonal ecosophy.

The inquiry concludes with a technical discussion of Naess’ Apron Diagram and reflections …

Creative Achievement, Feedback, And Regulation Of Motivation For Creative Behaviors, Ryan Edward Holt

Theses Digitization Project

This study will explore the effects of self-regulation and the tendency to commit to or refrain from creative projects. The relationship between one's feelings of creative achievement and motivation to pursue creative activities will also be investigated. A total of 274 students of California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) were recruited from lower division and upper division psychology courses. Participants rated 12 questions regarding their creative identity on a 4 point scale.

Ontogeny Of One-Trial Behavioral Sensitization In Preweanling, Adolescent, And Adult Rats: Differential Effects Of Cocaine And Methamphetamine, Olga Olia Kozanian

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this thesis was to assess the ontogeny of cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced one-trial locomotor sensitization in preweanling, adolescent, and adult rats. Subjects were 336 male and female rats of Sprague-Dawley descent that were raised at California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB).

Experience-Dependent Synapse Formation And Implications For Developmental Psychopathology, Monica Lawson, Meg Upchurch

Modern Psychological Studies

Experience shapes neural circuits in the brain. This review explores current research in neuroscience on experience-dependent synapse formation in mice. Studies using the chessboard trimming paradigm are analyzed to provide information on the effects of partial versus complete deprivation. The resulting formation of transient spines and new persistent spines indicates the impact experience has on shaping neural pathways. Research on long-term sensory deprivation in the adolescent and adult somatosensory cortex indicates that once brain pathways are established in adulthood, they are difficult to change. Together these findings are applied to the questions presented in the literature of developmental psychopathology, such …

Introduction To Special Topic Section: Ecopsychology’S Roots In Humanistic And Transpersonal Psychology, The Deep Ecology Movement, And Ecocriticism, Mark Schroll, Glenn Hartelius

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

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An Analysis Of Ethnic Labels: Essemtialism Vs. Circumstantialism, John Holloway

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

Labeling was used through the daily life of most people and is critical in the idea of ethnicity. The purpose behind this experiment was to test Lindenwood student’s thought process behind ethnic labeling. Mainly the experiment was meant to develop the idea of whether an individual was more circumstantialist or essentialist in nature when dealing with ideas of labeling. The hypothesis was that the Lindenwood students would tend to lean toward the essentialist group thought process due to the diversity of the student body. Essentialist believed their biological parents passed on ethnicity. While circumstantialist believed ethnicity was created by behavior …

Self-Esteem And Stress Perception Among Athletes And Non-Athletes, Frederica Bertolini

Undergraduate Psychology Research Methods Journal

This study examined the differences between athletes and non-athletes students in relation to self-esteem and stress level. Gender of the participants was also taken into consideration. Thirty participants were recruited at Lindenwood University in St. Charles, MO. Fourteen participants were athletes and 16 participants were non-athletes. Also, 14 participants were males and 16 participants were female. Rosenberg Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983) were used to test self-esteem and stress level respectively. The hypothesis of this study was that college student athletes have a higher self-esteem and a higher stress level than non-athletes students. However, the results …

Modern Materialism Through The Lens Of Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Alan Pope

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

The suffering that gives rise to and is perpetuated by contemporary culture’s addiction to

materialistic consumption is described surprisingly well by the ancient tradition of Indo-

Tibetan Buddhism. From this perspective, modern human beings exemplify hungry ghosts

trapped in a state of incessant greed and insatiability, which at its core reflects a desperate

attempt to maintain a sense of self that is out of accord with basic reality. The rich Tibetan

Buddhist understanding of the unfolding process by which the hungry ghost negotiates its

project, including its attempts to avoid greater suffering and to seek bliss, serves to elucidate

our …

Examining The Rapid Non-Classical Effects Of 17 Beta Estradiol On Sexual Advertisement Behavior Of The Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus Auratus), John T. Garretson, Spencer L. Gobbel, Christine M. Lewis, Luis A. Martinez, Aras Petrulis

Modern Psychological Studies

Female Syrian hamsters engage in vaginal scent-marking (VM) to advertise their sexual receptivity. VM is facilitated by estrogen; however, the hormone's mechanism of action is unknown. Classically, estrogen binds to intracellular receptors and promotes gene transcription to eventually affect behavior. Estrogen may non-classically and rapidly affect behavior via binding to membrane localized receptors. In order to determine how estrogen modulates VM, VM levels were examined in 10 female hamsters across several hormone conditions. Levels of VM were assessed across 3 trials in intact, normally-cycling subjects. These trials were repeated following ovariectomy. A final set of trials were conducted in ovariectomized …

Gender Difference In Perceiving Aggression Using The Bobo Doll Studies, Dorothy Altin, Jessica Jablonski, Jennifer Lyke, Marcello Spinella

Modern Psychological Studies

The general conclusion of Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll studies was that the children learned aggression through watching an adult hit an inflatable doll. Other researchers have questioned whether the behavior demonstrated in these studies was actual aggression or just simply imitation. This study examined the perceptions of male and female observers when viewing original footage of the Bobo Doll Studies, specifically if the observers interpreted the child's behavior as aggression or simply imitation and if the sex of the observer or sex of the child in the video affected these ratings. The participants completed both a Likert scale rating of …

“Getting Noticed”: Middle Childhood Incross-Cultural Perspective, David F. Lancy, M. Annette Grove

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Although rarely named, the majority of societies in the ethnographic record demarcate a period between early childhood and adolescence. Prominent signs of demarcation are: for the first time, pronounced gender separation in fact and in role definition; increased freedom of movement for boys while girls may be bound more tightly to their mothers; and heightened expectations for socially responsible behavior. But, above all, middle childhood is about coming out of the shadows of community life and assuming a distinct, lifetime character. Naming and other rites of passage sometimes acknowledge this transition, but it is, reliably, marked by the assumption or …