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Modifying Mindfulness: A Christian Translation Of Mindfulness, Ryan P. O'Farrell Sep 2016

Modifying Mindfulness: A Christian Translation Of Mindfulness, Ryan P. O'Farrell

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Recently, psychologists have been captivated by the utility of mindfulness in treating a number of psychological problems. Despite the prevalence of mindfulness based treatments, Christian psychologists have done surprisingly little work towards integrating mindfulness, an originally Buddhist concept, with a Christian worldview. Using Johnson's (2007) translation metaphor, I proposed a Christian translation of mindfulness. In order to produce a faithful translation, I first described mindfulness as it appears in the psychological literature. Next, I translated the different elements of Kabat-Zinn’s (1994) definition of mindfulness as well as a number of proposed mindfulness change mechanisms into a Christian worldview, showing how …

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Twice The Negativity Bias And Half The Positivity Offset: Evaluative Responses To Emotional Information In Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo Sep 2016

Twice The Negativity Bias And Half The Positivity Offset: Evaluative Responses To Emotional Information In Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo

Psychology Faculty Works

Background and objectives: Humans have the dual capacity to assign a slightly pleasant valence to neutral stimuli (the positivity offset) to encourage approach behaviors, as well as to assign a higher negative valence to unpleasant images relative to the positive valence to equally arousing and extreme pleasant images (the negativity bias) to facilitate defensive strategies. We conducted an experimental psychopathology study to examine the extent to which the negativity bias and the positivity offset differ in participants with and without major depression. Method: Forty-one depressed and thirty-six healthy participants were evaluated using a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I …

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The Negativity Bias Predicts Response Rate To Behavioral Activation For Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo Sep 2016

The Negativity Bias Predicts Response Rate To Behavioral Activation For Depression, J. K. Gollan, D. Hoxha, K. Hunnicutt-Ferguson, Catherine Norris, L. Rosebrock, L. Sankin, J. Cacioppo

Psychology Faculty Works

Background and Objectives: This treatment study investigated the extent to which asymmetric dimensions of affective responding, specifically the positivity offset and the negativity bias, at pretreatment altered the rate of response to Behavioral Activation treatment for depression. Method: Forty-one depressed participants were enrolled into 16 weekly sessions of BA. An additional 36 lifetime healthy participants were evaluated prospectively for 16 weeks to compare affective responding between healthy and remitted patients at post-treatment. All participants were assessed at Weeks 0, 8 and 16 using repeated measures, involving a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, questionnaires, and a computerized task …

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Neuropsychological Effects Of Pomegranate Supplementation Following Ischemic Stroke, John A. Bellone Sep 2016

Neuropsychological Effects Of Pomegranate Supplementation Following Ischemic Stroke, John A. Bellone

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Polyphenols are compounds found in fruits and vegetables that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Mounting evidence suggests that dietary polyphenol intake can reduce the detrimental effects of various disease processes, and pomegranates have frequently been examined because of their particularly high polyphenol content. Since stroke induces both oxidative stress and inflammation and is currently the leading cause of long-term disability in the U.S., we sought to determine whether dietary supplementation with polyphenols could enhance cognitive recovery in individuals who had suffered an ischemic stroke. We administered polyphenols via 2 POMx pills containing polyphenols derived from pomegranates equivalent to the content …

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The Adolescent Smoking Prevention Project: A Web-Based Smoking Prevention For Adolescents, Whitney N. Brown Sep 2016

The Adolescent Smoking Prevention Project: A Web-Based Smoking Prevention For Adolescents, Whitney N. Brown

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In 2014 2.5% of middle school students and 9.2% of high school students reported smoking cigarettes in the past 30 days (CDC, 2014). However, there is currently a lack of evidence-based programs targeting prevention of adolescent smoking. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel web-based adolescent smoking prevention program, the Adolescent Smoking Prevention Project (ASPP), based on the sensitization-homeostasis theory of nicotine dependence and developed by the study investigators. A sample of 54 adolescents (aged 12-15) were recruited from public schools in Southern California. Of these adolescents 26 were randomly assigned to the ASPP program and 28 were …

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Hypertension In Older African Americans: Testing Psychosocial Mediators, Taylor L. Draper Sep 2016

Hypertension In Older African Americans: Testing Psychosocial Mediators, Taylor L. Draper

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Past research has shown that low socioeconomic status (SES) and experiencing racial discrimination are both related to hypertension in African Americans. Further, low SES and racial discrimination have been found to affect hypertension indirectly through stress, low levels of psychosocial resources, and lifestyle risk factors in African American adults. Past studies have used the Reserve Capacity Model (RCM; Gallo & Matthews, 2003; 2005) to understand these relationships. The RCM asserts that stress can be mitigated by psychosocial resources (mastery, optimism, self-esteem) which lead to healthy lifestyle behaviors predictive of cardiac health. However, there are few studies that use the RCM …

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Heart-Focused Anxiety And Cardiac Treatment Adherence, Angelyna M. Lowe Sep 2016

Heart-Focused Anxiety And Cardiac Treatment Adherence, Angelyna M. Lowe

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death and functional impairment in North America. Treatment adherence in general is a major obstacle for the cardiac population. Anxiety is a potential barrier to treatment adherence, yet results of previous studies are equivocal, possibly due to anxiety being measured too generally. Heart-focused anxiety was measured in the current study to determine if it is a better predictor of treatment adherence than general anxiety, after controlling for other known predictors of adherence. Sixty-five participants between 29 and 96 years of age (M = 69.24, SD = 14.18; 56.9% female) were recruited from the …

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Effects Of A Tier 3 Self-Management Intervention With Parent Involvement On Academic Engagement And Disruptive Behavior, Ashley Nicole Lower Sep 2016

Effects Of A Tier 3 Self-Management Intervention With Parent Involvement On Academic Engagement And Disruptive Behavior, Ashley Nicole Lower

Theses and Dissertations

This manuscript includes two studies. The research design for study 1 was a single-subject reversal design, while study 2 was a case study with 5 experimental conditions. These studies investigated the effects of a Tier 3 peer-matching self-management intervention on two elementary school students who had previously been less responsive to Tier 1 and Tier 2 interventions. The Tier 3 self-management intervention, which was implemented in the classroom, included daily electronic communication between teachers and the two students' parents. Results indicated that this intervention effectively reduced disruptive behaviors and increased total engagement when implemented with integrity; without integrity, results were …

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Enhancing Scientific Comprehension Through Content Acquisition Podcasts, Caroline Elizabeth Williams Sep 2016

Enhancing Scientific Comprehension Through Content Acquisition Podcasts, Caroline Elizabeth Williams

Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of using Content Acquisition Podcasts (CAPs) to teach children with learning disabilities scientific vocabulary. CAPs are multimedia instructional podcasts that combine images and sound to teach supplemental vocabulary. Four children ages 9 to 10 with learning disabilities were taught vocabulary words to prepare them for end-of-year testing. Words were taken from units about rocks, soil and fossils. This study used a multiple probe multiple baseline across units design. Data analysis showed that three of four participants experienced significant improvement in at least one of three units. Social validity questionnaires showed that all four …

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The Impact Of Early Experience On Current Mental Health And Quality Of Parenting In Incarcerated Mothers, Lindsy R. Hughes-Curtis Sep 2016

The Impact Of Early Experience On Current Mental Health And Quality Of Parenting In Incarcerated Mothers, Lindsy R. Hughes-Curtis

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among early parenting experiences, adult mental health functioning, and adult parenting behaviors among a population of incarcerated women in San Bernardino, CA. An archival data set was utilized. Data were collected from three hundred thirty-six female participants in the San Bernardino County Jail System in 2011, aged 18 – 60 years (M = 34.02). Only those who are mothers (N=132), with children between the ages of two and 18 years old, participated in the current study. Structural equation modeling was conducted using EQS. Results showed that early experiences, specifically adverse …

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Deception: Neurological Foundations, Cognitive Processes, And Practical Forensic Applications, Jason T. Weber Sep 2016

Deception: Neurological Foundations, Cognitive Processes, And Practical Forensic Applications, Jason T. Weber

Modern Psychological Studies

Deception is a foundational part of everyday interactions, and everyone will be deceived and will be a deceiver at some point in their life. When examining the brain while telling a lie, neuroimaging studies have shown an increased activity in the prefrontal cortex. While some evidence does not find a correlation between deception and prefrontal activity, different types of deception activating different brain regions could explain this. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and executive control, which appears to be the main cognitive process associated with deception. This is evidenced by the ability to lie increasing as executive function …

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Cannabis-Related Episodic Memory Deficits And Hippocampal Morphological Differences In Healthy Individuals And Schizophrenia Subjects, Derin J. Cobia, Matthew J. Smith, James L. Reilly, Jodi Gilman, Andrea G. Roberts, Kathryn I. Alpert, Lei Wang, Hans C. Breiter, John G. Csernansky Sep 2016

Cannabis-Related Episodic Memory Deficits And Hippocampal Morphological Differences In Healthy Individuals And Schizophrenia Subjects, Derin J. Cobia, Matthew J. Smith, James L. Reilly, Jodi Gilman, Andrea G. Roberts, Kathryn I. Alpert, Lei Wang, Hans C. Breiter, John G. Csernansky

Faculty Publications

Cannabis use has been associated with episodic memory (EM) impairments and abnormal hippocampus morphology among both healthy individuals and schizophrenia subjects. Considering the hippocampus' role in EM, research is needed to evaluate the relationship between cannabis-related hippocampal morphology and EM among healthy and clinical groups. We examined differences in hippocampus morphology between control and schizophrenia subjects with and without a past (not current) cannabis use disorder (CUD). Subjects group-matched on demographics included 44 healthy controls (CON), 10 subjects with a CUD history (CON-CUD), 28 schizophrenia subjects with no history of substance use disorders (SCZ), and 15 schizophrenia subjects with a …

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From Thinking Selves To Social Selves, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg Aug 2016

From Thinking Selves To Social Selves, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg

Animal Sentience

I argue that Rowlands’s concept of pre-reflective self-awareness offers a way to understand animals as Social Selves. It does so because it departs from the orthodox conception of self-awareness, which is both egocentric and logocentric. Instead, its focus is on the relation between consciousness and a person’s lived body, her actions and goals. Characterizing persons as pre-reflectively self-aware beings in Rowlands’s sense offers a much more useful conceptual tool to interpret social behaviour in animals.

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What Do We Owe Animals As Persons?, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg Aug 2016

What Do We Owe Animals As Persons?, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg

Animal Sentience

Rowlands (2016) concentrates strictly on the metaphysical concept of person, but his notion of animal personhood bears a moral dimension (Monsó, 2016). His definition of pre-reflective self-awareness has a focus on sentience and on the lived body of a person as well as on her implicit awareness of her own goals. Interestingly, these also play a key role in animal welfare science, as well as in animal rights theories that value the interests of animals. Thus, Rowlands’s concept shows connectivity with both major fields of animal ethics. His metaphysical arguments might indeed contain a strong answer to the question of …

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Practical Research On Human Factor Problems In Maritime Casualty Investigation Of China, Zihao Liu Aug 2016

Practical Research On Human Factor Problems In Maritime Casualty Investigation Of China, Zihao Liu

Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations (Dalian)

No abstract provided.

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Changes In Job Satisfaction Through Time In Two Major New England Fishing Ports, Tarsila Seara, Richard Pollnac, John J. Poggie Aug 2016

Changes In Job Satisfaction Through Time In Two Major New England Fishing Ports, Tarsila Seara, Richard Pollnac, John J. Poggie

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

Fishing communities in the U.S. have been the subject of great transformation due to changes in availability of resources and the implementation of different rules and regulations to manage the fisheries and conserve fish stocks. Job satisfaction has been widely regarded as an important component of well-being especially among fishermen because the occupation of fishing includes attributes of ‘adventure,’ ‘challenge,’ and ‘being outdoors’ infrequently found in other employment. It has been previously demonstrated that management driven changes to fishing communities can directly and indirectly affect aspects of fishermen’s job satisfaction and, consequently, their wellbeing. This paper presents a unique through …

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If Insects Have Phenomenal Consciousness, Could They Suffer?, Elizabeth S. Paul, Michael T. Mendl Aug 2016

If Insects Have Phenomenal Consciousness, Could They Suffer?, Elizabeth S. Paul, Michael T. Mendl

Animal Sentience

Klein & Barron’s (K & B’s) suggestion that insects have the capacity for phenomenal consciousness is a refreshing and challenging departure from the cautious and agnostic stance that is taken by many researchers when considering this possibility. It is impossible to falsify the sceptic’s view that neural and behavioural parallels between humans and insects need not imply either similar conscious experience or even any phenomenal consciousness in insects at all. But if K & B are right, it is important to consider the possible contents of insect consciousness. Here we discuss whether affective consciousness, with its implications for potential suffering, …

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Subjective Experience In Insects: Definitions And Other Difficulties, Shelley Adamo Aug 2016

Subjective Experience In Insects: Definitions And Other Difficulties, Shelley Adamo

Animal Sentience

Whether insects have the potential for subjective experiences depends on the definition of subjective experience. The definition used by Klein & Barron (2016) is an unusually liberal one and could be used to argue that some modern robots have subjective experiences. From an evolutionary perspective, the additional neurons needed to produce subjective experiences will be proportionately more expensive for insects than for mammals because of the small size of the insect brain. This greater cost could weaken selection for such traits. Minimally, it may be premature to assume that small neuronal number is unimportant in determining the capacity for consciousness.

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Effects Of Extended Time Accommodation For Those With Adhd, Jacqueline Gardner Aug 2016

Effects Of Extended Time Accommodation For Those With Adhd, Jacqueline Gardner

Theses and Dissertations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. There is a great deal of published literature that supports the effect of interventions for students at the elementary and secondary levels, however there is limited research that analyzes interventions for college students with ADHD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of extended time accommodations for college students with and without ADHD. It was hypothesized that students with ADHD would perform better when given extended time to complete assignments. A mixed ANOVA used to investigate the differences in test scores of …

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Bacteria And The Cellular Basis Of Consciousness, Michael L. Woodruff Aug 2016

Bacteria And The Cellular Basis Of Consciousness, Michael L. Woodruff

Animal Sentience

According to Reber’s theory, the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC), sentience originates as bio-sensitivity in unicellular organisms. For this reason, Reber regards sentience as evolutionarily foundational. Many bacteria show chemotaxis and, thus, according to CBC, they are sentient. Analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying bacterial chemotaxis indicates that sentience has no explanatory power in this case. Genetic analysis also fails to show species continuity underlying bio-sensitivity in bacteria and bio-sensitivity in species with nervous systems, so it does not seem that sentience is evolutionary foundational. CBC is rejected on these grounds.

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Unity Of Consciousness In Animals, Bernard E. Rollin Aug 2016

Unity Of Consciousness In Animals, Bernard E. Rollin

Animal Sentience

Both Descartes the rationalist and Hume the empiricist, polar opposites philosophically, denied the unity and continuity of animal mind. Kant pointed out that the presence of retrievable memories entails unity of consciousness. Rowlands now argues that animals too have unity of consciousness.

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Reactivity And Recovery Among Oif/Oef/Ond Combat Veterans: Do Those With Subthreshold Ptsd Differ From Veterans With And Without Ptsd?, Paula Castro-Chapman Aug 2016

Reactivity And Recovery Among Oif/Oef/Ond Combat Veterans: Do Those With Subthreshold Ptsd Differ From Veterans With And Without Ptsd?, Paula Castro-Chapman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study expanded the current literature by assessing PTSD in relation to reactivity and recovery from negative emotional arousal among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans. Cardiac impedance was employed during a speech task and a trauma imagery procedure. Those in the PTSD-S group displayed lower SBP and higher TPR reactivity relative to the PTSD- and PTSD+ groups; lower CO reactivity relative to the PTSD+ group; and more CO recovery than those in the PTSD+ group to the trauma task. For speech task, Veterans in the PTSD-S group exhibited lower HR reactivity for both speech preparation and delivery than those in the PTSD- group. …

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Capstone: Child Temperament And Parenting Styles As Predictors Of Bmi, Sophia A. Mir Aug 2016

Capstone: Child Temperament And Parenting Styles As Predictors Of Bmi, Sophia A. Mir

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

This capstone examines how child temperament and parenting style predict child BMI in a sample of low income, ethnic minority children 1-4 years old, as well as the moderating role of parenting style in child temperament predicting child BMI. Dimensions of both child temperament and parenting style have been found to be protective of high child BMI in pediatric populations. Few studies have explored the longitudinal relationship between child temperament and parenting style and child BMI, and even fewer have examined the interaction between the two in predicting child BMI. This study includes measures of child temperament, parenting style, and …

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Capstone: Women, Addiction, And Gender-Sensitive Treatment: A Review Of The Literature, Rae L. Rabideau Aug 2016

Capstone: Women, Addiction, And Gender-Sensitive Treatment: A Review Of The Literature, Rae L. Rabideau

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Historically, substance abuse treatment and research was centered on a male model. Only more recently has research demonstrated that women and men’s rates of substance use have become more similar (McPherson, Casswell, & Pledger, 2004). Gender-responsive and trauma-informed treatment programs for women were not introduced until the 1990s and 2000s. The purposes of this review are (1) to emphasize the prevalence of co-occurring mental illness among women with substance use disorders (SUDs), (2) to demonstrate the need for substance abuse treatment that addresses the unique and specific needs of women, and (3) to highlight the need for further research on …

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Entrepreneurship As Empowerment: How Women Are Redefining Work, Charlynn Odahl Aug 2016

Entrepreneurship As Empowerment: How Women Are Redefining Work, Charlynn Odahl

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

The number of women who are entrepreneurs in the United States has steadily risen since the 1970s and today women found almost half of all new companies. For women, creating their own companies through entrepreneurship may be a way to reject existing work settings, where existing setting and gender dynamics may limit their advancement, creativity, or flexibility. Indeed, entrepreneurship may serve as a form of empowerment to enable women to pursue greater control over their lives. Yet research on the lived experience of this population is limited, with few studies examining the lived experience of this important group. Also, existing …

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Living And Loving: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Dating And Sexual Relationships Of Hiv-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, Darnell N. Motley Aug 2016

Living And Loving: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Dating And Sexual Relationships Of Hiv-Positive Young Black Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men, Darnell N. Motley

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Infection with HIV is a global pandemic that continues to have particular impacts on Black men who have sex with men. Accordingly, researchers have examined risk behaviors in order to inform interventions that seek to decrease transmission. However, there has been relatively little research that has examined the dating and sexual experiences of Black GBMSM living with HIV absent a particular focus on sexual risk and potential transmission. The present study seeks to better understand the dating and sexual experiences of a sample of young Black GBMSM living with HIV. Twenty young Black GBMSM living with HIV were interviewed using …

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To Bee Or Not To Bee?, Shimon Edelman, Roy Moyal, Tomer Fekete Aug 2016

To Bee Or Not To Bee?, Shimon Edelman, Roy Moyal, Tomer Fekete

Animal Sentience

Klein & Barron’s (2016) (K & B’s) case for insect consciousness is a welcome development in an area that, in all of the science and philosophy of mind, is probably the most anthropocentric. In this commentary, we seek to strengthen K & B’s side of the argument by appealing not just to putative neural mechanisms but also to computational theory that supports it (section 1). We also offer some remarks on three distinctions that are relevant to K & B’s thesis and are central to phenomenal awareness: between the capacity for awareness and its contents (section 2); between …

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No Proof For Subjective Experience In Insects, Holk Cruse, Malte Schilling Aug 2016

No Proof For Subjective Experience In Insects, Holk Cruse, Malte Schilling

Animal Sentience

Klein & Barron (2016) provide an inspiring review collecting arguments that show quite related functions in humans and insects. Here we extend the comparison to robots, and formulate two critical objections. One concerns an epistemological question related to the phenomenon of subjective experience. The other questions whether insects need integrated spatiotemporal modeling for navigation.

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Consciousness As Integrated Perception, Motivation, Cognition, And Action, Murray Shanahan Aug 2016

Consciousness As Integrated Perception, Motivation, Cognition, And Action, Murray Shanahan

Animal Sentience

This commentary has two aims: first to clarify the behavioural grounds for the ascription of consciousness to non-human animals (including insects), and second to show how Klein & Barron’s views can be reconciled with the core claims of global workspace theory.

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A Portrait Of Five Undergraduate Students Who Serve As Caregivers While Taking University Courses, Emily Owens, Carley Ulibarri, Blake D. Karlin Aug 2016

A Portrait Of Five Undergraduate Students Who Serve As Caregivers While Taking University Courses, Emily Owens, Carley Ulibarri, Blake D. Karlin

Ursidae: The Undergraduate Research Journal at the University of Northern Colorado

The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics specific to adults who are caregivers while taking classes from an institution of higher education. We recruited 5 university attending adults through a subject pool and through announcements in various classes through the university setting. Measures on depression, burden, daily activities, and general background were used to assess the experiences of the participants. Self-reports indicated high levels of selfefficacy with regard to the care process, minimal depression, low to moderate levels of burden, and high resiliency among those surveyed. These results indicate while registered as a full time student (12 credits …

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