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The Function Of Prior Conditions Of Success Or Failure Upon Subsequent, Non-Related Tasks, William Martin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A sample of 32 Ss were drawn from the third through sixth grades and success or failure conditions were experimentally induced. The effects of these conditions were then determined on a subsequent, non-related task; the Block Design subtest of the WISC. Results indicated that these conditions do have a significant (p<.01) effect on the subsequent performance, although, this significance diminishes rapidly over a period of delay (24 hours). The study is limited in scope and in sample, but research implications are numerous and should include varied exposure to the success-failure conditions and the related effects of varied time-lapse intervals. Attention should be given to the differential effects of the two conditions and to the possibility that success-failure orientations may be significant factors in determining the quality of subsequent performance.

The Modification Of Form And Color Responding In Young Children As A Function Of Differential Reinforcement And Verbaliziation., Joan F. Gusinow

Psychology ETDs

When young children are presented with a learning task composed of two dimensional stimuli that vary along both. a form and a color continuum, they solve the problem in a consistent and unidimensional manner. This response bias, or dimensional dominance, has in the literature been called a form or color preference. The results of developmental studies have indicated that children at the. youngest ages display a form preference which gradually shifts to a color preference by the age of 4-1/2 years and then this preference shifts back. to form. This lawful relationship has then explained by developmental theorists as being …

The Effects Of False Feedback And Stimulus Intensity Upon Simple Reaction Time:An Investigation Of The Variable Criterion Model., Kerm Henriksen

Psychology ETDs

The purpose of the present simple reaction time (RT) study was to evaluate the application of the variable criterion model to the effects of false feedback and stimulus intensity. The variable criterion model is a decision-theory approach relating stimulus intensity and response evocation. According to the model, stimulus intensity determines the rate of neural events or "impulses" originating from stimulus onset, whereas contextual and motivational variables determine the S's decision criterion, or the number of impulses that must accumulate before a response is made. The time required to reach the criterion value is the reaction time. Reaction time is thus …

The Effect Of Perceptual-Motor Training On Maladaptive Behaviors Of Emotionally Disturbed Children, Julia Frances Hall

Dissertations and Theses

Twenty emotionally disturbed children between the ages of six and twelve from three agencies providing special treatment for behavioral or emotional problems were the subjects for this study. The subjects were divided into two major diagnostic categories, withdrawn and acing out, and then matched in pairs by age and diagnosis. One half of each pair was randomly assigned to the experimental condition and the remaining halves were assigned to the control condition. Both the experimental and control groups contained five withdrawn and five acting out subjects. Four experimenters were used, and each experimenter worked with two or four experimental children …

A Systematic Investigation Of The Conditioned Facilitation Phenomenon With Human Beings As Subjects, Gladys Olivia Bright

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Conditional Discrimination: Generalization Outside The Range Of Training Stimuli, Martha D. Itkin

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of Climatic Influences On Aggression, Alan M. Gonick

Masters Theses

The effects of exposure to various climatic conditions were analyzed to determine whether these conditions could produce aggression or facilitate shock-elicited aggression. Paired rats and single monkeys were used as subjects. The effects of independent and simultaneous changes in temperature and relative humidity were investigated in an attempt to produce aggression. Temperature, relative humidity, and length of exposure to climatic conditions were varied to determine if these conditions would facilitate shock-elicited aggression. The climatic conditions investigated were ineffective in reliably producing aggression between rats and also in facilitating shock-elicited aggression with rats and monkey subjects. Exposure to temperatures above 24.4°C …

Exploratory Behavior As A Function Of Two Different Feeding Conditions In The Gerbil, Dennis A. Vanderweele

Masters Theses

Gerbils were fed under two different schedules for six weeks after base-line measurement of open-table-top exploratory behavior. One schedule was a variable schedule such that a variable food amount could be administered at any time or place within the S's environment. The other schedule was fixed as to amount of food, time of administration, and feeding area. Separate Ss were utilized under each schedule and total amounts of food per group was equal. Both groups were retested for exploration after termination of the six week feeding schedule and statistical comparisons were made to S's baseline exploration. The fixed-fed Ss showed …

The Manifest Anxiety-Defensiveness Scale, Induction Of Threat To Self-Esteem, And The Resolution Of Dissonance, Dennis F. Gardner

Student Work

It has been suggested that self-esteem is a significant contributing variable in determining defensive behavior (Asch, 1948; Janis & Field, 1959; Lazarus & Longo, 1953; Rosenzweig, 1938; Sears, 1940). Several studies suggest that individuals of high and low self-ssteem (SE) manifest different patterns of response to the experience of success and failure (Altrochi, Parsons, & Dickoff, 1960; Stotland & Hillmer, 1962; Stotland, Thorley, Thomas, Cohen, & Zander, 1957). Further, Slock and Thomas (1955) and Altrochi, Parsons, and Dickoff (1960) have shown that persons with high SE tend to avoid threatening materials, while persons with low SE tend to approach and …

The Effects Of Early Experience On Jumping Responses To Colored Stimuli Of Coturnix Chicks, Edward J. Fliss

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Exposure To Discriminative Stimuli In Operant Extinction, John A. Dunning

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Daily Quizzes On Hour Exam Performance, Katherine Janczarek

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Septal And Amygdaloid Lesions On Pain-Elicited Fighting, John H. Bryant

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Relative Importance Of Structure And Individual Differences In Determining Behavior In Two Person Games, Ronald A. Flint

Psychology ETDs

Three factors have been proposed in the literature as determinants of game playing behavior. These are: a structural factor, a factor arising out of the interaction between the players, and an individual differences factor. A recent study was able to separate the structural factor from the combined effects of the interaction factor and the individual differences factor. This was done by using a within-subjects design and between-game correlations to uncover behavioral consistencies across different games. Between-game consistencies were found, thus indicating that the structural factor is not the sole determinant of game playing behavior. However, because the interaction factor and …

"This Is Me: Some Significant Learnings", Carl Ransom Rogers

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

No abstract provided.

Examiner Influence With Children In The Draw A Person Test, Stephanie Syler

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the influence of the examiner on children administered Machover's Draw A Person Test. Forty third and fourth grade children from two elementary schools served as subjects. The administrators were college students.

The subjects were randomly divided into four groups of 5 at each school, so that each examiner administered the test twice, once at each school. Examiners were also randomly assigned to their groups.

It was hypothesized that children tend to use the administrator of the DAP as a model for their drawings. The statistical analysis of data, however, did not support the hypothesis.

During the course …

Television-Mediated Aggression And Its Effects On Children’S Level Of Aggressiveness, Thomas M. Ferguson

All Master's Theses

It was hypothesized that subjects viewing film-mediated aggressive models would perform more aggressive behaviors in the test situation, than either of the other two groups, despite the low similarity factor. Results failed to confirm this hypothesis. It was found that boys were more aggressive than girls across all treatment levels.

An Investigation Into The Incidence Of Psychogenic Factors Underlying The Temporomandibular Joint Pain/Dysfunction Syndrome, Ernest William Small

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

A Survey Of Selected Objectives, Opinions, And Attitudes Of High School Seniors In Norfolk, Virginia, Robert Eugene Brown

Counseling & Human Services Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

The Ministry: An Empirical Analysis Of Roles And Role Discord With Emphasis On Rural-Urban Differentials, Orville R. Cunningham

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Ministers occupy a status-position within a social system that carries a well-defined set of cultural expectations about their roles. The membership of the minister’s church, the community at large, and the minister himself formulate ideas and expectations about the function of his roles. Whenever the minister performs his roles in a manner that is contrary to the expectations of the membership of his church or the community the result is a role discord. Role discord also occurs when the minister performs his roles in a way that contradicts his own self-image of his roles. Therefore, this thesis will have as …

The Effects Upon Short-Term Memory Of Acoustic Interference And The Cognitive Separation Of A Reduntant Element, Robert A. Smallwood

Master's Theses

Sperling (1963) noted that some subjects (Ss) stated they could "hear" material being held in short-term storage, and he suggested that short_term memory (STM) for verbal materials may be in the form of an auditory loop. The first major laboratory investigations of this topic were made by Conrad (1962;1964) who examined the errors made in immediate recall, and found that substitution errors tend to involve units that sound alike (acoustically-similar), even when the original stimuli were visual. He concluded that visual letters are recorded into auditory representations, which may subsequently be confused with one author. The auditory, or at least …

Effects Of Proportion Of Positive Instances And Degree Of Restriction On The Induction Of A Principle, Dennis C. Dervin

Student Work

An experiment is reported in which student subjects attempted to discover a principle by pairing number and letters. Seven groups of subjects varied on two dimensions, proportion of positive instances sampled and degree of restriction in choosing number-letter pairs. It was found that subjects who sampled a higher proportion of positive instances were more successful that those sampling a lower proportion. Furthermore, subjects who were unrestricted in their choice of number-letter pairs, because they sampled a higher proportion of positive instances, performed more efficiently than subjects who were restricted and sampled a lower proportion of positive instances. Finally, when both …

The Effect Of Time Of Day On Approach-Avoidance Conflict Behavior, Orris Eugene Frazier

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology in the Graduate School of Morehead State University by Orris Eugene Frazier on May 22, 1970.

Added Cue Control As A Function Of Reinforcement Predictability, Jerome M. Feldman

Psychology ETDs

In Experiment 1, 32 rats were pretrained to press a lever for a .045 gm. Noyes food pellet either in the presence of a light or a tone. For half of the Ss within each group, responses were reinforced 100% or 25% of the time. After 16 days of pretraining, a novel stimulus (light or tone) was simultaneously compounded with the pretraining stimulus for another 16 days. Probability of reinforcement continued at the pretraining value for half of the Ss within each group. The remaining Ss had their reinforcement probability increased (from 25% to 100%) or decreased (from 100% to …

Two Systems Of Efference From Visual Cortex To Anterior Middle Suprasylvian Gyrus, John Marshall Orem

Psychology ETDs

Both an early and a late system of efference could be detected in anterior middle suprasylvian gyrus upon stimulation of ipsilateral visual cortex with single pulses in chloralosed cats. The early system was seen as a positive potential peaking within 10 msec after the stimulus, and it was eliminated or reduced by vertically sectioning between visual cortex and anterior middle suprasylvian gyrus. The late system (a positive potential peaking 15 to 30 msec after the stimulus) was eliminated by either an undercutting of visual cortex or aiscrcte lesions in the ipsilateral superior colliculus. The early system was maximally elicited from …

An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Secondary School Counseling As Seen By Longwood College Freshmen, Margaret L. Nuckols

Theses & Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

Measurement Of The Perceptual Rotation Of Visual Stimuli, Floyd W. Stettler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Apparatus for study of the phenomenon of rotation consisted of two rotating turntables constructed to receive disks for presenting varied visual stimuli. Turntables were graduated into 360 degrees for measurement of angular discrepancy in the task of visually matching rotational positions. Subjects from ages four through eleven attempted to match six compass positions for each of three designs--a boxlike house, a straight line, and Bender-Gestalt Figure No. 3.

Errors of rotation were classed as either transpositional or nontranspositional, Transpositional error, involving reversal or mirroring of the directional aspect of the designs, largely disappeared by age six. Non-transpositional error declined rapidly …

The Effect Of Freshman And Sophomore College Students' Impressions Of Counseling On Awareness And Use Of The Utah State University Counseling Center, William Richard Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to provide information about: (1) Utah State University students' impressions of counseling, (2) the sources of these impressions, (3) students' awareness of the University Counseling Center, and (4) the effect of the foregoing factors on student use of the counseling facilities.

The sample consisted of a group of 107 freshmen and 43 sophomores randomly selected from the general psychology courses at Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Student information was obtained by a questionnaire and students' impressions of counseling were assessed by a semantic differential. The data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square and analysis of variance.

The …

An Evaluation Of The Collegiate Experience Of The Usu Student, Mark G. Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The American College Testing Program's Institutional Self-Study Survey was used in this study to consider USU students' goals, achievements, and evaluations of their collegiate experience. Goals included were students' educational majors, vocational plans, final college degree sought, and the relative importance attached to attaining Vocational, Academic, Social, and Non-Conventional goals. Achievements studied were both intellectual and nonacademic out-of-class accomplishments, and students' perceived progress in achieving Intellectual-Humanistic, Group-Welfare, Scientific-Independent, and Practical-status outcomes of their collegiate experience. Student evaluations of instructors, college services, selected policies, practices, facilities, and required courses were also studied. National normative data were compared with USU data in …

The Use Of Defensiveness As A Covariate Of Self-Report In The Assessment Of Self-Concept Among Navajo Adolescents, Bruce Leon Arneklev

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study investigated the relationship between defensiveness scores and self-report scores as they interrelate in the assessment of self-concept and its change. Data were analyzed to determine if self-report scores adjusted by regression for defensiveness would be more congruent with a criterion measure than unadjusted scores.

A secondary problem was to evaluate the extent to which the self criticism scale on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and the self-report vs. objective rating discrepancy method would identify the same individuals as defensive.

Samples were drawn from a population of adolescent Navajo boarding school students. A treatment sample participated in an …