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The Relationship Between Celebrity Worship And Psychotherapy Preferences, Sean Frydman M.S. Jan 2026

The Relationship Between Celebrity Worship And Psychotherapy Preferences, Sean Frydman M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Celebrity worship (CW) is defined as an increased admiration toward a celebrity figure which may lead to excessive interest in their lives (McCutcheon et al., 2021). Intense CW has been found to be associated with a variety of pathological traits, suggesting that individuals with higher CW might benefit from psychotherapy (Sansone & Sansone, 2014). However, no research is available regarding psychotherapy preferences for this population. Research to date has found positive correlations between accommodating patients’ treatment preferences and greater treatment satisfaction and outcomes, stronger alliance, and reduced attrition (Iacoviello et al., 2007; Lindhiem et al., 2014; Swift et al., 2011, …

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Enhancing Resilience And Reducing Burnout In Oncology Nurse Practitioners Through The “Three Good Things” Intervention, Ernestine A. Muanya Jan 2026

Enhancing Resilience And Reducing Burnout In Oncology Nurse Practitioners Through The “Three Good Things” Intervention, Ernestine A. Muanya

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Background: Burnout among oncology nurse practitioners (NPs) threatens clinician well-being, care quality, and workforce retention. The World Health Organization (2019) defines burnout as a workplace condition caused by chronic unmanaged stress. Nationally, over half of healthcare professionals report burnout symptoms, with high rates in oncology (Deriglazov et al., 2025). In Texas, nearly 48% of advanced practice providers report emotional exhaustion and job-related stress (Patel et al., 2024). Objective: This single-group pre–post quality improvement project evaluated an eight-week, app-based Three Good Things (3GT) intervention to reduce burnout and enhance resilience among 19 breast medical oncology nurse practitioners at a comprehensive …

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The Unspoken Workweek: Understanding The Impact Of Menstruation On Work Experiences, Cherie Kuriakose Jan 2026

The Unspoken Workweek: Understanding The Impact Of Menstruation On Work Experiences, Cherie Kuriakose

Psychology Theses

Menstruation remains an underrecognized factor in workplace well-being, despite affecting a large portion of the workforce. Existing research shows significant gaps in understanding employees’ lived experiences and organizational responses. This qualitative study aims to explore how menstruation influences work life, productivity, and perceptions of support within U.S. workplaces. Thirty menstruating employees were recruited using convenience and purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured virtual interviews, and data were analyzed thematically, guided by grounded theory principles. Findings revealed three central themes: (a) stigma and non-disclosure, shaped by internalized norms and workplace culture; (b) invisible effort and struggles that impact work, including productivity, …

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Examining The Paradoxical Effects Of Benevolent Sexism, Serena Rose Bonomo Jan 2026

Examining The Paradoxical Effects Of Benevolent Sexism, Serena Rose Bonomo

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

Benevolent sexism can be flattering on the surface, though is based on and perpetuates the same stereotypes as hostile sexism (Glick & Fiske, 1996; 1997). Research has demonstrated benevolent sexism exposure increases body shame in adult women, however this effect remains largely unexplained. The current study investigated the mediating effects of self-objectification (viewing oneself as an object) and system justification beliefs (believing that society is just and fair) to explain the positive relationship between exposure to benevolent sexism and body shame. Using an experimental paradigm, this study exposed a sample of adult women in the United States (N = 152) …

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The Impact Of Nurse-Led Distraction Techniques On Pain And Anxiety During Cancer Treatment In Pediatric Oncology Patients: Examining Virtual Reality And Play Therapy, Alexis Abalos Jan 2026

The Impact Of Nurse-Led Distraction Techniques On Pain And Anxiety During Cancer Treatment In Pediatric Oncology Patients: Examining Virtual Reality And Play Therapy, Alexis Abalos

Nursing | Senior Theses

Children undergoing cancer treatment often experience pain and anxiety during cancer treatment, including chemotherapeutic invasive procedures such as frequent port access or peripheral catheterization. Nurse-led distraction techniques, including virtual reality and play therapy, have emerged as promising non-pharmacologic interventions to reduce levels of pain and anxiety in pediatric oncology patients. This thesis analyzes existing data through a close examination of primary and secondary research articles that prove the effectiveness of virtual reality and play therapy on reducing pain, anxiety, and psychosocial distress in pediatric oncology patients receiving cancer treatment. Using the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Symptom Management Theory, …

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The Kids Are Alright: A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of A Microaggression Training Series For Adolescents, Brea M. Banks, Bianca Sierra, Khyati Verma, Giselle Rivera Jan 2026

The Kids Are Alright: A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effectiveness Of A Microaggression Training Series For Adolescents, Brea M. Banks, Bianca Sierra, Khyati Verma, Giselle Rivera

Faculty Publications – Psychology

Microaggressions are identity-based indignities that lead to significant negative consequences for receivers. Although most research has focused on the microaggressive experiences of adults, adolescents experience these transgressions in schools, and they find these experiences offensive. As such, preparing high school students to address microaggressions when they receive or witness them and to respond appropriately when they receive feedback about their microaggressive behaviour is imperative. Using a quasi-experimental design, we conducted a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of a microintervention training for adolescents at a high school in the Midwestern United States. The intervention was effective in producing improvement in assessed …

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Therapist Self-Disclosure And Therapeutic Alliance: A Survey Of Psychologists, Miriam Smith M.S. Jan 2026

Therapist Self-Disclosure And Therapeutic Alliance: A Survey Of Psychologists, Miriam Smith M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Of the various forms of therapist self-disclosure, immediate self-disclosure (ISD) refers to the therapist’s sharing of immediate thoughts, feelings, and reactions with the patient in real time. In previous research, ISD has been positively associated with the therapeutic alliance. The therapeutic alliance has been conceptualized as agreement on goals, agreement on assignment of tasks or a series of tasks to achieve those goals, and the quality of the emotional bond. Non-immediate self-disclosure (NISD) is defined as the therapist divulging personal or biographical information about themselves or their life outside treatment. NISD has been found to be risky and potentially harmful …

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Fostering Social Support On College Campuses, Shannon G. Kirkpatrick Jan 2026

Fostering Social Support On College Campuses, Shannon G. Kirkpatrick

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This research project aims to explore social support received while attending an undergraduate institution and what can be done to improve it. During undergraduate years, students are confronted with many new stressful experiences. Given that social support can serve as a protective factors, it is important to explore how it functions within the context of the undergraduate experience. Many students do not utilize campus counseling services, even if their mental health declines from lack of social support. Students must feel supported by those that they interact with on and off campus, and if they are not, they must have somewhere …

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Can Feedback Framing Improve Creative Problem-Solving? Examining The Effects Of Valence And Format, Ellie H. Tran Jan 2026

Can Feedback Framing Improve Creative Problem-Solving? Examining The Effects Of Valence And Format, Ellie H. Tran

Psychology Theses

This study examined the role of feedback valence (positive vs. negative) and format (question vs. statement) in influencing creative performance. Grounded in self-determination theory, the study also tested whether feedback acceptance mediated the effects of feedback characteristics on creative outcomes. Psychology undergraduate students (N = 308) completed a creative task in which they generated and developed ideas for community-based projects addressing psychological issues. Participants were randomly assigned to receive positive or negative feedback presented either as a statement or a question, or to a no-feedback control condition. Creative performance was evaluated across three dimensions: originality, quality, and elegance. Results showed …

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Cv: Susan Sheffer (Social Psychology), Susan Sheffer Jan 2026

Cv: Susan Sheffer (Social Psychology), Susan Sheffer

Psychology Department Faculty Curricula Vitae

No abstract provided.

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Utilizing A Genetically Diverse Species To Investigate Gene-Drug Interactions And Drug Efficacy, Jerry Nawongbay Gbarlea Jan 2026

Utilizing A Genetically Diverse Species To Investigate Gene-Drug Interactions And Drug Efficacy, Jerry Nawongbay Gbarlea

Theses and Dissertations

Gene-drug interactions are fundamental to understanding variability in drug response and therapeutic efficacy. In this project, we leverage the natural genetic divergence between ecotype morphs of the blind Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) to investigate differential responses to neuroactive compounds—specifically, the convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and the anxiolytic Buspirone Hydrochloride. Astyanax Mexicanus is a tetra species consisting of both surface-dwelling (ancestral) and cave-dwelling (mutant) populations that have highly variable genetic backgrounds. Independently evolved populations of cavefish exhibit a suite of convergent traits that can be functionally interrogated to discover new genetic functions and interactions. These attributes make A. mexicanus an ideal model …

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The Latent Lens: Exploring Hetereogeneity In The Use Of Physical Restraints Via Latent Class Analysis And The Lens Model, Andrew Miele Jan 2026

The Latent Lens: Exploring Hetereogeneity In The Use Of Physical Restraints Via Latent Class Analysis And The Lens Model, Andrew Miele

Theses and Dissertations

Research on the use of physical restraints has revealed high rates of heterogeneity between clinical settings and an array of potential risk factors at both the patient and provider level. This is most evident in general medical hospitals, where patient populations are more heterogenous than other settings and physicians often can rely only on observable characteristics of patients to assess safety risks. More recent work has shown that coherent subgroups of restrained patients can be derived from demographic and clinical indicators. Identification of coherent patient subgroups may aid in understanding both the heterogeneity of the restrained patient population and differences …

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Patient-Identified Reasons For Premature Termination: A Systematic Review, Jack N. Mizrahi M.S. Jan 2026

Patient-Identified Reasons For Premature Termination: A Systematic Review, Jack N. Mizrahi M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Premature unilateral termination has been estimated to occur in approximately 20% of patients seeking psychotherapy. Research has identified a variety of factors including patient, therapist and treatment variables that may contribute to psychotherapy dropout. There is currently quite limited research on patients’ perspective of premature termination, with much of our understanding based on therapist’s perspective. Although therapist perspectives are an important source of information regarding premature termination, therapist judgments about patient progress are often inaccurate, and therapists consistently struggle with foreseeing unilateral termination. In addition, therapists have been found to attribute premature termination more to patient factors than their own …

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Emotional Intelligence In Blended Vs. Non-Blended Families With Childhood Trauma, Rose Johnson Rodriguez M.S. Jan 2026

Emotional Intelligence In Blended Vs. Non-Blended Families With Childhood Trauma, Rose Johnson Rodriguez M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This study examined whether family structure (blended vs. non-blended) influenced changes in emotional intelligence (EI) among adults, while controlling for baseline EI and childhood trauma. Participants were 420 adults (292 from non-blended families and 128 from blended families) who completed pre- and post-treatment assessments of emotional intelligence using the Assessing Emotions Scale and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) at baseline. Multicollinearity diagnostics revealed some overlap between emotional and physical abuse on the CTQ, but no severe violations. The overall model was significant, F (7, 412) = 16.95, p < .001, R2 = .224, explaining 22% of the variance in EI change. Baseline EI significantly predicted change (p < .001), while CTQ subscales were non-significant. Family structure had a small but statistically significant effect on EI change, F (1, 412) = 4.79, p = .029, partial η2 = .011, with adults from blended families showing slightly greater increases in EI than those from non-blended families. Findings suggest that while family context may shape emotional growth, baseline emotional functioning remains the strongest predictor of change. Future studies should recruit larger samples to enhance power and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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Exploring The Romantic Relationship Experiences Of Adults With Adhd (A Qualitative Study), Daniella Bababekov M.S. Jan 2026

Exploring The Romantic Relationship Experiences Of Adults With Adhd (A Qualitative Study), Daniella Bababekov M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 2.5% of the adult population globally (APA, 2022) and can influence functioning across multiple domains of functioning, including romantic relationships. Fourteen adults currently in romantic relationships participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Auerbach and Silverstein’s (2003) grounded theory method. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of adults with ADHD in romantic relationships, in order to inform interventions and strategies targeting the unique difficulties faced by this population and their partners. Findings suggest that ADHD influences romantic relationships through interconnected relational processes, including …

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Know Your Worth: A Qualitative Study Examining Factors That Psychologists Consider When Setting Their Fees, Emily Rispoli M.S. Jan 2026

Know Your Worth: A Qualitative Study Examining Factors That Psychologists Consider When Setting Their Fees, Emily Rispoli M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Fee-setting in psychotherapy is a routine yet complex aspect of clinical practice that shapes access to care, the sustainability of private practice, and the therapeutic relationship. Despite its importance, limited research has examined how psychologists determine their fees in modern practice. Existing literature has largely focused on ethical guidelines, economic considerations, and the meaning of money in therapy, with less attention to how clinicians navigate fee-setting in real-world contexts. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the factors licensed psychologists consider when setting and adjusting their fees in self-employed, out-of-network private practice. Fourteen psychologists (Ph.D. and Psy.D.) participated …

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Mental Health Stigma And Its Associations With Depression, Suicidality, And Help-Seeking Among Muslims Living In The United States, Tarnem Amer M.S. Jan 2026

Mental Health Stigma And Its Associations With Depression, Suicidality, And Help-Seeking Among Muslims Living In The United States, Tarnem Amer M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Muslims living in the United States (MLUS) have higher rates of depression (Sloan & Haner, 2023) and are more likely to report a history of suicide compared to other faith groups (Awaad et al., 2021). Nonetheless, help-seeking rates among Muslims remain lower than those among non-Muslims (Ahmad et al., 2023). Mental health stigma has been identified as a key barrier to seeking care, but its mechanisms and outcomes have been understudied among MLUS. The present study examined three types of stigma (mental health public stigma, mental health self-stigma, and mental health help-seeking stigma) and their associations with psychiatric symptoms and …

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Self-Efficacy Of The Minority Student Therapist: Exploring The Intersections Of Impostorship And Internalized Racism, Marilenny Herrera M.S. Jan 2026

Self-Efficacy Of The Minority Student Therapist: Exploring The Intersections Of Impostorship And Internalized Racism, Marilenny Herrera M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

The self-efficacy of ethnic and racial minority student therapists is significantly influenced by the complex interplay of the impostor phenomenon (IP) and internalized racism, which are often compounded by broader societal and systemic factors. IP, which is common among minority individuals (Bravata et al., 2020), has been shown to be shaped by racialized experiences that impact perceptions of competence and belonging (Cokely et al., 2017). It is important to understand how these factors may affect minority student therapists, particularly as the number of psychology doctorate recipients from underrepresented minority groups continues to rise (American Psychological Association, 2019). The present qualitative …

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Sink Or Swim: Standard Swim Lessons As A Novel Intervention For Reducing Generalized Anxiety In Children, Joseph S. Brier Jan 2026

Sink Or Swim: Standard Swim Lessons As A Novel Intervention For Reducing Generalized Anxiety In Children, Joseph S. Brier

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health conditions in children ages 6–18, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 6.5% (Rapee et al., 2023; Polanczyk et al., 2015). Although psychological interventions are highly effective, only about 60% of children with anxiety receive professional help within 12 months of symptom onset (Ghandour et al., 2019). Swimming lessons may represent a widely available, low-cost, and naturally motivating alternative intervention for anxiety. Learning to swim targets mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of anxiety, including avoidance and maladaptive cognitions (Mowrer, 1951; Dymond & Roche, 2009), and emerging evidence suggests that treating one …

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The Relationships Among Maternal Stress, Disordered Eating, Depressive Symptoms, And Infertility In Women Throughout The Postpartum Period, Christina Shoshilos Jan 2026

The Relationships Among Maternal Stress, Disordered Eating, Depressive Symptoms, And Infertility In Women Throughout The Postpartum Period, Christina Shoshilos

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The perinatal period is a critical time of psychological, physiological, and social transition that can increase vulnerability to mental health challenges, particularly during the first year postpartum. This study examined the relationships among maternal stress, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating behaviors in postpartum women, with additional focus on differences by postpartum stage (0 to 6 months vs. 6 to 12 months) and infertility history. Participants (N = 248) were cisgender women who had given birth within the past 12 months and completed validated self-report measures of maternal stress, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating behaviors. A multiple regression analysis revealed …

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Exploring The Feasibility And Acceptability Of The Calm Kitty Curriculum For Promoting Emotional Regulation In Preschoolers, Tabitha A. Irizarry Jan 2026

Exploring The Feasibility And Acceptability Of The Calm Kitty Curriculum For Promoting Emotional Regulation In Preschoolers, Tabitha A. Irizarry

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This exploratory mixed-methods study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived usefulness of the Calm Kitty Curriculum, a classroom-based emotional regulation program for preschool-aged children ages 3–5, delivered through a teacher-facing orientation. Emotional regulation in early childhood is an important foundation for school readiness, social competence, and later academic outcomes. Because children from historically marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by emotional dysregulation and exclusionary disciplinary practices, accessible and developmentally appropriate classroom-based supports are needed. This study represented an initial phase of curriculum development and focused on implementation readiness rather than child-level effectiveness. A secondary data analysis was conducted using previously collected, …

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Pediatricians’ Approach To Addressing Developmental, Behavioral, And Social-Emotional Concerns In Children, Jessica Baer Jan 2026

Pediatricians’ Approach To Addressing Developmental, Behavioral, And Social-Emotional Concerns In Children, Jessica Baer

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This study examined factors influencing pediatric primary care providers’ adherence to recommended guidelines for developmental, behavioral, and psychosocial screening, surveillance, and referral practices. Although early identification is emphasized in pediatric care, implementation remains inconsistent. A cross-sectional survey was administered to pediatric primary care providers in the United States with at least one year of independent practice experience. Variables examined included provider and practice demographics, training, confidence, caseload, and perceived barriers. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were used to evaluate patterns in screening and referral practices. Results indicated variability in adherence across domains, with greater consistency in developmental and behavioral practices …

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Neuromodulation Of Pain-Related Network Dynamics: Effects Of Electroconvulsive Stimulation On Local Field Potential Activity In A Formalin Pain Model, Diana A. Ibarra Jan 2026

Neuromodulation Of Pain-Related Network Dynamics: Effects Of Electroconvulsive Stimulation On Local Field Potential Activity In A Formalin Pain Model, Diana A. Ibarra

Psychology Theses

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established neuromodulatory intervention used to treat severe psychiatric conditions and is known to briefly affect memory function. Given that chronic pain affects millions and often leads to opioid dependence, ECT has been investigated to treat chronic pain. This study examined how electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), the experimental equivalent of ECT used in animal models, alters or reduces pain-related brain neural activity associated with maladaptive pain-related memory circuit representations. The hypothesis is that ECS will disrupt or reduce neural activity associated with pain-related memory circuits, potentially revealing neural mechanisms that link pain and memory circuits through …

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A Brief Measure Of Decisional Balance For Health Equity Engagement Among Health Professionals, Amanda Lee Almond Jan 2026

A Brief Measure Of Decisional Balance For Health Equity Engagement Among Health Professionals, Amanda Lee Almond

Publications and Research

Racial health and healthcare inequities are sustained in part by health professionals’ beliefs about the benefits and costs of equity-focused action, yet no validated decisional balance measure exists for this domain. This study introduces and evaluates the Health Equity Decisional Balance (HEDB) scale. Eighty-eight health professionals completed the scale of ten proposed items assessing perceived pros and cons of engaging with health and healthcare equity work, along with a measure of Anti-Racist Efficacy (ARE) (Eschmann et al., 2023). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the latent structure of the scale and its predictive validity. A …

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Examining The Flow State In College Football, Nicholas R. Reynolds Jr., Selen Razon Jan 2026

Examining The Flow State In College Football, Nicholas R. Reynolds Jr., Selen Razon

West Chester University Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Final Projects

The flow state, first defined by Csikszentmihalyi (1990) as a state of total absorption in an activity characterized by effortless control, heightened focus, and peak functioning, has been well-documented in sport but has received limited attention in the context of college football. This study examined the flow state experiences of varsity football players at West Chester University, including their awareness of the concept, the frequency and subjective nature of their experiences, the strategies they use to reach this state, and their perceptions of its relationship to team success. A researcher-developed survey was administered to team members during the offseason, yielding …

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Impact Of Social Media On Self Esteem And Body Image, Sunayana Sri Acharya Goribidnur Sudheendra Jan 2026

Impact Of Social Media On Self Esteem And Body Image, Sunayana Sri Acharya Goribidnur Sudheendra

Selected Full-Text Master Theses 2021-

This study examined how idealized self-presentation on social media relates to self-esteem and body image in young adults, and whether body dissatisfaction, general distress, or symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress help explain that relationship. Ninety-eight undergraduate students from two universities completed an online survey measuring idealized online self-presentation (Presentation of Online Self Scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), body esteem (Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults), general distress (Distress Questionnaire-5), and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (DASS-21). Contrary to expectations, greater idealized self-presentation was associated with higher, not lower, self-esteem. Idealized self-presentation was not significantly related to body esteem, …

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Covid-19 Pandemic-Induced Social Isolation: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Exploration Of Age And Time, Renee Reedy Jan 2026

Covid-19 Pandemic-Induced Social Isolation: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Exploration Of Age And Time, Renee Reedy

Dissertations and Theses

Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally altered social functioning, creating an urgent need to understand the lived experience of isolation across life stages. This qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study explored how age and time shaped social isolation during the pandemic. Sixteen participants from three-generation households—adolescents (n=5), adults (n=6), and older adults (n=5)—were interviewed approximately five years post-isolation. Recruitment occurred through ResearchMatch, and interviews were conducted between February and March 2025. Participants represented diverse racial, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds, with isolation periods ranging from 27 to 426 consecutive days (¯x = 165 ± 124 days). Data analysis followed Gadamer’s hermeneutic circle …

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What Happens When We Face The Harm? Reflections On Restorative Justice, Conflict, And Accountability (And A Flyer On Practical Steps), Renate Alant Jan 2026

What Happens When We Face The Harm? Reflections On Restorative Justice, Conflict, And Accountability (And A Flyer On Practical Steps), Renate Alant

A with Honors Projects

This project explores conflict resolution, restorative justice, and meaningful apologies through reflections on Dr. Mikhail Lyubansky’s workshops hosted by the Psi Beta club at Parkland College. The paper examines how restorative justice focuses on accountability and repair rather than punishment, while the accompanying flyer encourages students to learn practical conflict resolution skills.

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Storm Of Elysium: How The Most Afflicted Minds Of History And Fiction Made Legacies, Pierce Thompson Jan 2026

Storm Of Elysium: How The Most Afflicted Minds Of History And Fiction Made Legacies, Pierce Thompson

A with Honors Projects

Honors project involving historical/fictional characters and how they made history/created legacies with their afflictions/mental health conditions. Historical/book context will be provided, and the condition will be covered through psychiatric research for the particular character.

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Evaluating Motivation In Stem Education: A Positive Self-Talk Intervention, Tiffany L. Copeland Jan 2026

Evaluating Motivation In Stem Education: A Positive Self-Talk Intervention, Tiffany L. Copeland

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This study evaluated a social-emotional learning intervention that taught positive self-talk to high school students from underrepresented minority groups in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The setting of this study was a place-based program that immersed students in hands-on STEM activities while located in Philadelphia’s life science hub. Before taking a science assessment, students set effort-based goals and learned to say self-talk statements such as “I will give my best effort” and “Even when it's hard, I will give 100%.” This mixed-methods program evaluation compared pre- and post-intervention data using a paired-samples t-test, linear regression, and correlation analyses. Data …

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