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The Effect Of Short-Term Counseling And Tutoring On Reading Achievement, Study Skills, And Personal Adjustment, Michael Lynn Maughan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to investigate more completely the effects of counseling and tutoring on reading achievement, study skills, and personal adjustment within the context of a college reading and study skills program. The study consisted of three phases which corresponded with the three regular school quarters.

The subjects used in Phase I of this study were 12 college students who voluntarily registered for a reading and study skills class at Utah State University during the 1969 fall quarter plus 40 students who transferred into the class from a remedial study class. In Phase II, there were 45 students who …

Effect Of Alcohol On Timing Behavior In The Pigeon, Robert J. Boyd

All Master's Theses

Although no one knows how alcohol affects an animal's perception or why it does not appear to affect his retention of time, this study, analyzing the IRTs that were between 10 and 40 seconds, supports the conclusions of previous studies and indicates that the effect of alcohol is much the same for pigeons as it is for rats.

Interference Effects In Recognition Memory For Visual Forms., David M. Del Castillo

Psychology ETDs

Recent research has shown that attaching relevant or descriptive verbal labels to form stimuli facilitates recognition of these forms when compared to control groups which either had no labels for the forms, or which had irrelevant, nondescriptive labels for the forms. One account of this facilitating effect asserts that relevant verbal labels aid S in relating the forms to familiar concepts. If a particular form is a positive instance of a given concept, S can encode the forms in terms of his experience with the concept. A second account of the facilitating effects of relevant verbal labels on recognition memory …

Dogmatism And Some Social Attitudes Of Lithuanian Immigrants: Parents Versus Their Children Attending College In The United States, Kestutis A. Trimakas

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Changes In Motivation During Client-Centered Therapy As Measured By The Story Sequence Analysis Of The Tat, Joseph Augustine Ramirez

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Serial Position Of Relevant Cue In The Rehearsal Order And Method Of Encoding On Attention In A Single Cue Concept Identification Task, Barbara M. Bethel

Student Work

Five groups of Ss were forced to encode briefly exposed stimuli in a prescribed order and to classify the stimulus as a negative or a positive instance of the concept. For the first four groups, trials to criterion were found to be a function of the ordinal position of the relevant cue in the encoding order. These groups were forced to encode in an ungrammatical order. The fifth group employed a grammatical order of encoding and the position of the relevant cue was randomly assigned to an S. The fifth group was found to be superior to the other four …

Relevancy Of Exteroceptive And Response Produced Cues As A Determinant Of Mixed Delayed Matching To Sample Performance., David Perkins

Psychology ETDs

ABSTRACT

Traditional delayed matching-to-sample paradigms may confound the cue properties associated with external stimuli and those cues produced by Ss delay interval behavior. This possible confounding arises since traditional paradigms explicitly control external stimuli, but include no control of Ss delay interval behavior.

In order to control the response produced cues during the delay interval, the present experiment required three groups of four pigeons each to complete, either a FR8 or FR16 during the delay intervals between the offset of standard hues and the onset of the comparison or matching stimuli. Depending upon the experimental conditions, a particular fixed ratio …

A Methodological Approach To Shifts In Drive Simuli., Peggy A. Keilman

Psychology ETDs

A study employing different and equal strengths of the hunger and thirst drive stimuli was conducted in an 8-ft. modified T-maze in an attempt to provide a somewhat more methodologically sound approach to the experimental analysis of the construct drive. The 11 rats used in the experiment underwent a pretraining phase that used a titration procedure to equate the strength of hunger and thirst for each animal by varying the conditions rather than the schedules of feeding and -watering the animals. The only restriction was that each animal's daily intake must sum to 24 (e.g., 13 g. food and 11 …

Some Relationships Associated With Academic Success In Graduate Work At A Midwestern University, Stelios Georgiou Chimonides

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Conditioned Helplessness And Human Escape Behavior, Robert E. Gabbard Jr.

All Master's Theses

The present study was undertaken to determine, first, whether or not "helplessness" can be conditioned in human subjects, and, secondly, the amount of behavioral variability that can be accounted for in terms of locus of control as measured by Rotter's Internal-External control scale (I-E scale).

Philosophy Of Human Nature As A Function Of Political Preference, Political Involvement, And Age, Ralph L. Anderson

All Master's Theses

The present study used the Philosophy of Human Nature (PHN) Scale and a 2X2X2 factorial design with party preference, level of political involvement, and age as the three main effects to test twelve specific hypotheses. One hundred twenty subjects were randomly selected from among the Democratic and Republican parties of Kittitas County and students from Central Washington State College, and the PHN Scale was administered to them.

Semantic Differential Relationships As A Determinant Of Clustering, Burr R. Beckwith

All Master's Theses

In the past, clustering research has focused primarily on the effect of pre-experimental associations and/or conceptual relationships on clustering in free recall. The present study marks a departure from this trend in that it was designed to determine under what conditions SD relationships among task-items would mediate clustering.

The Effects Of Varying A T Group Design Upon Self Concept, George Richard Woodruff

All Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine what effects the varying of a T Group design would have upon self-concept and also to determine whether or not individuals who had participated in a T Group would report more positive self-concepts than persons who had not had such an experience.

The Effect Of Pretesting On The Training Of Conservation Behavior, Lynn Mannan

All Master's Theses

The purpose of the present research is to determine if a relationship exists between the traditional Piaget tasks used to identify the preoperational and transitional children and the effects of the training procedures designed to increase conservation behavior.

"Suicide As A Way Of Life", John Kerr, Hugo Maynard, Ronald Snodgrass

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

A panel discussion with Hugo Maynard (PSU Institute for Psychological Study), Ronald Snodgrass (Willamette Learning Center), and John Kerr (Director of Schoolhouse), participants.

The Relationship Of Liberalism-Conservatism To Anxiety And Ego Strength, Orpha Sherman Harris

Master's Theses

Through the medium or television our senses are everyday bombarded by the sights and sounds of student unrest on our college campuses. Radical students take over campus buildings, go on strike and refuse to attend classes until their "demands" are met. They want a "piece of the action" even to the hiring and firing of professors, and will risk expulsion to attain their goals. Even conservative students demand that curricula and instruction be upgraded though their methods for achieving their goals are less disruptive or dramatic. Liberal youth today are demanding the right to smoke marijuana,to "trip" on LSD, to …

The Nature Of The Effect Of Verbal Labels On Recognition Memory For Form., Terry C. Daniel

Psychology ETDs

When an S is presented with a visual form stimulus and is subsequently required to reproduce or recognize that form after the absence of the physical stimulus, he will be reasonably accurate even though highly complex forms are involved. It would appear, and is generally agreed, that Ss are able to internalize and store some representation of the form in such a way that it is available for later use. Investigation and conjecture into the nature of the processes involved in the internalization and storage of visual form stimuli has a long history in experimental psychology. Since a number of …

Intersensory Transfer: A Component Analysis, Ronald W. Shaffer

Psychology ETDs

Recently, a number of investigators have examined the effect of changes in the sensory modality by which stimuli are presented in a two-stage, paired-associates transfer of training task. The positive transfer effects usually found have been termed intermodal or intersensory transfer IST. Inferences as to the precise nature of component sources of transfer contributing to this positive effect have been limited, however, due to the type of controls that have been employed. The present study was designed to identify two sources of specific transfer, that of stimulus-response associations and stimulus learning, by the use of controls not normally employed. All …

Verbally-Controlled Selective Perception In Stimulus Predifferentiation, Robert L. Feuge

Psychology ETDs

The purpose of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that verbal labels, which are in some way representative of visual forms or portions of visual forms, will modify S's perception of those forms during a paired-associates predifferentiation task such that the Ss will tend to sample only those portions of the shape which are suggested by the verbal labels. Prior to the main experiment, the six random shapes used in this study were scaled in order to identify those specific line segments (aspects) of the shapes which were suggested by their respective verbal labels. This scaling procedure provided data …

Assessment Of Conceptual Behavior In Children With Nonoutcome Trials, Mary L. S. Warner

Psychology ETDs

Conceptual and nonconceptual bases for responding in acquisition in a concept identification task were assessed for individual 4-0 to 5-0 and 5-6 to 6-6 year old Ss by either interspersing nonoutcome stimuli with outcome stimuli during acquisition or by presenting them after acquisition. The interspersed nonoutcome trial (NCT) condition was followed by a reversal shift. Geometric stimuli were used to compose three stimulus conditions varying on intratask stimulus similarity (3 or 4 stimulus dimensions) and number of stimuli (8 or 16). Interspersing NCTs did not significantly impair performance or alter the proportion of conceptual to nonconceptual solvers. Classification of solution …

Observing Behavior In Children's Discrimination Learning Under Constant, Variable, And Covariable Delay Of Reinforcement., Daniel B. Berch

Psychology ETDs

Two empirical generalizations which have emerged regarding the effects of delayed reinforcement on discrimination learning in children are: (1) the greater the difficulty of the task, the more likely will delayed reward have adverse effects upon learning; (2) procedures which lead the S to attend carefully to the task are more likely to eliminate the detrimental effects of delayed reward (Terrell, 1965).

An Analysis Of Incentive And Behavioral Contrast, Amado M. Padilla

Psychology ETDs

In 1942 Crespi reported the results of an experiment in which rats were given runway training with one magnitude of reward and then shifted to another magnitude of reward. He found that animals shifted from a small to large reward showed an abrupt increase in performance, while Ss shifted from a large to small reward showed an immediate decrease in running speed. These changes in performance were found to exceed the performance levels expected from the absolute postshift magnitude of reinforcement. Crespi called these effects "elation" and "depression," respectively. Later, Zeaman (1949) conducted an experiment which closely paralleled Crespi's and …

Transfer Of Response Differentiation: A Quantitative Analysis, David M. Grilly

Psychology ETDs

Recent transfer of response differentiation studies have found that training Ss on easy differentiations and then transferring them to harder differentiations along the same continuum facilitates performance as compared to giving all training on the harder differentiations. These results are analogous to those found in transfer of stimulus discrimination and have been interpreted as evidence for the proposition that response differentiation is a special instance of stimulus discrimination. The only difference between the two is hypothesized to be in the nature of the cues used by the organism, interoceptive versus exteroceptive. More recent evidence, however, has suggested that the generalization …

The Availability And Adequacy Of Some Spanish Translated Tests, Nelson Diaz-Mora

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Teaching Experience: A Prerequisite For Effective Counselor Performance?, Carole G. Sorensen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Purpose of the study

Previous teaching experience is one of the most discussed issues in today's pupil personnel services. We find ourselves in the milieu of a controversy in which we have advocates of one camp who propose that teaching experience can be a handicap in the effectiveness of a counselor; and in the other camp, that teaching experience is a vital prerequisite for counselor effectiveness.

The controversy has reached such proportions that some states, which previously held teaching experience as a necessary requirement for counselor certification, have either changed certification requirements or have worked around the issue by accepting …

Affect And Meaningfulness As Variables In Mediate Association, James A. Aagard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether affect influences mediate association. A second purpose of this experiment was to test whether there could be found an interaction between affect and meaningfulness in the verbal mediation scores.

The subjects were all of the students registered for an Educational Psychology class at Utah State University, Spring Quarter, 1969. These students were randomly assigned to one of two groups, designated Phase I or Phase II. Phase I was designed to study the influence of affect upon mediation and the subjects in this group learned two lists of seven paired associates. Phase …

Behavioral Modification Of Trainable Mentally Retarded Children, Cheryl Mayo Frair

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In Experiment I, contingency management was employed with five non-institutionalized trainable retardates (mean MA=4.l, CA=9.9, and language age=2.6) in a classroom situation. Empirically determined high probability behaviors were displayed as colored cartoon figures in a reinforcement menu. Tasks from the Peabody Language Development Kit defined the behavior strengthened during 15 one-hour sessions. A quantity of low probability task behavior had to occur in order for subjects to emit 4 minutes of high probability reinforcing activity. Through contingency management, amount of task per reinforcement was shaped from a low ratio to a high ratio. Significant gains in language age (p

In …

Reading Instruction And Phonetic Control In Materials Development Based Upon Relative Frequency Of Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences, Richard T. Grow

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This dissertation suggests a new approach to reading instruction and phonetic control in materials development. The central feature of this approach is its reliance on phoneme-grapheme correspondence data.

Specifically, the products of this dissertation were (1) the development of relative frequency tables depicting the various phonemes produced by a given grapheme structure, (2) the development of five different levels of phonetic sophistication, (3) the classification of 974 words as regular or irregular in accordance with each level of sophistication, and (4) the phonetic rewriting of three existing short stories to make them phonetically regular.

One of the phonetically rewritten stories …

The Effects Of An Introduction To Psychology Course On College Students' Superstitions And Beliefs Which Have Some Scientific Sanction, Helen Daines Mitchell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of an introduction to psychology course on college students' superstitions and beliefs which have some scientific sanction. The test used was selected from H. K. Nixon's 1925 study on answers to psychological questions and considers 30 statements to be marked true or false.

Subjects used for this study were 100 men and 100 women students in a beginning psychology course at Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The first administration of the questionnaire was given during the first week of the class with a follow-up administration given during the final week of class. …

Imitation Of Tolerance For Delay In Children: The Effects Of Model-Subject Similarity., Susan Mendenhall

Psychology ETDs

The experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of high and low delay tolerant models on children's delay behavior, and to assess effects of subject-model delay similarity on imitation of a second task. High, low, and middle delay subjects heard a model give either high or low delay responses to the Mischel questionnaire. Subjects were also shown the model's success expectancy on a ring toss game. Analysis of post-test delay change showed that high and low delay models produced significantly differential modeling, which was in part a function of the initial delay tolerance of the subjects. Subject-model delay similarity did not …