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School Of Social And Systemic Studies 1998-1999 Catalog, Nova Southeastern University

College of Psychological Services / College of Psychology Postgraduate Student and Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Differences In Body Dissatisfication In Traditional College-Aged Men And Women, Joseph R. Cahoe

Modern Psychological Studies

Findings from recent studies of body image have suggested that women are more dissatisfied with their body shapes than men. Participants' levels of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using a subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory (Gamer, Olmstead, Polivy 1983 Results of an independent-groups t-test revealed a significant effect t(49) = 4.39, p < .05 Specifically scores on body dissatisfaction were much higher for women (M = 12.13) than for men (M = 3.87) indicating that women do have higher rates of body dissatisfaction than men in a traditional college-aged population. Suggestions for future research include studying whether actual body shape and size has an impact on body dissatisfaction.

The Effect Of Freedom Of Choice On Cognitive Performance, Stephanie Cole, Mali Sengchannavong

Modern Psychological Studies

The relationship between perceived control and academic performance has been addressed 1.17 a lave body of correlational research; however the effect of an internal orientation (i.e. a choice between academic tasks) on cognitive performance has not received as much attention. This study tested the hypothesis that college students' perception of control created by the belief that a choice exists between academic tasks increases cognitive performance. Participants consisted of 48 male and female college students from introduction to psychology classes and an analogy test was used to measure cognitive performance. The experimental group was made up of students who believed that …

Unanimity As A Rule For Group Consensus: A Review Of The Theoretical And Experimental Literature On The Use Of Unanimity In Group Decision Making, Kevin C. Rumison

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature review examines the use of unanimity as a rule for reaching group concensus in decision making The review contains a brief overview of group decision making and of the processes involved in reaching unanimous decision rule on various group processes and the positive and negative aspects of using this method to reach decisions. From the experimental literature, it appears that unanimous decision vile increases group cohesiveness and commitment to the decision, but at a loss of decision quality: Therefore, the group priorities should be taken into account when considering unanimity as a decision rule.

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivational Factors And Type A Behavior Pattern, Karen M. Ratliff, Sharon J. Hicks

Modern Psychological Studies

In this study motivational factors were examined to determine if subjects were more intrinsically or extrinsically motivated. In addition, Type A behavior pattern was assessed to determine if a link exists between motivation and Type A behavior. A total of 176 students from a small midwestern university participated in this research. Intrinsic motivation was manipulated by using one of two movies, one interesting and one boring. Extrinsic motivation was measured by manipulating the number of extra credit points given for participation. Participants were assigned to one of four conditions: High intrinsic/low extrinsic, high intrinsic/high extrinsic, low intrinsic/low extrinsic, and low …

A Study Of Physical Appearance And Level Of Attraction To The Opposite Sex, Sherynn J. Perry

Modern Psychological Studies

This experiment examined the effects of physical appearance on level of attraction between people of the opposite sex. Level of attraction was measured using a questionnaire that included a picture of an attractive or unattractive stimulus person. The participants consisted of 57 university undergraduate students. They viewed the stimulus person, and then answered questions based on their attraction to and on how willing they would be to participate in various activities with that person. The results of the Independent Samples Nonequivalent Control Groups Design indicated significance between level of attraction and physical appearance in mate selection; therefore, in this study, …

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Professional Females: Are There Enough Available? Gender Bias Of Female Victims, Debbie Leecock

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to determine whether females who are over or under the age of 35 years old would prefer to interact with professionals of the same gender throughout the interrogative, medical, and legal situations that they would be presented with after being victimized. A written victimization situation was prepared for each of the participants to react to for this study. No specific reference was made to the gender of the assailant or specific sexual violence that had occurred to the victim in the hypothetical crime situation that was presented to each participant in the two age …

Attributional Perceptions Of Dating Outcomes, Peter D. Ormsby, Thomas D. Green

Modern Psychological Studies

Attributional responses made by undergraduate college students to interpersonal relationship outcomes were investigated to determine if the actor-observer effect exists in a similar manner for successful and unsuccessful dating situations, or if the effect is mediated by an egoserving bias tendency. Participants rated the influence of the Weinerian Factors of ability, effort, luck and task difficulty on successful and unsuccessful dating outcomes in terms of Self, an Other Male, or an Other Female. Participants attributed a significantly greater amount of internal responsibility to the others as compared to self for unsuccessful dating outcomes but not for successful outcomes. Additionally, participants, …

Adjustment Of Hearing-Impaired Children: Risk And Resistance Factors, Karen L. Burk-Paull

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Subjective Well-Being Of Inner City Resilient And Non-Resilient Young Adolescents, Lynda L. Cafasso

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Mexican-American Women's Response To Violence As A Function Of Sex-Role, Locus Of Control, And Level Of Acculturation, Ana Irene Gonzalez Juan

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Study Of Dietetic Students Completing Internship In A Dietetic Technician Program, Sharon Spicer Stewart

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the view of dietetic students and their preceptors concerning the supervised practice experience. Guiding questions for this study were: (1) dynamics of learning in the work place setting, (2) dietetic students' technical ability to complete the activities expected of them in the work place, (3) dietetic students' socialization into the field site experience, including how well the students were accepted by other staff, (4) expectations of the preceptor prior to working with student dietetic technicians, (5) students' and preceptors' expectations of the DT program coordinator, (6) students' and preceptors' satisfaction with the …

Adult Attachment And Maternal Representations Of Gender During Pregnancy: Their Impact On The Child's Subsequent Gender Role Development, Leslie A. Gibson

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study investigated the relationship between attachment, maternal gender representations of the child formed during pregnancy, and the development of sex-typed play at 28 months in 34 mother-infant pairs. Mothers were interviewed during their third trimester using the Pregnancy Interview (PI), a semi-structured interview that assesses women's representations of their babies and their overall experience of pregnancy, and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), which assesses adults' working models of attachment. Maternal gender representations were scored using the Maternal Gender Representation Codes which assess subjects' overall narratives regarding the issue of gender with respect to their children during the Pregnancy Interview. …

Predictability Of Everyday Task Performance By Perceived Health, Self-Efficacy And Cognitive Ability, Joan Klinger

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This exploratory research investigated the relationship between a brief neuropsychological measure and everyday functional ability in older community dwelling adults. The association between these two areas is complex, as a specific functional domain often involves several of the cognitive skills typically assessed by a neuropsychological instrument. Whilst there is an extensive literature linking neuropyschological tests to everyday functioning in cognitively impaired older adults, little research has been directed at investigating the relationship between cognitive test performance and everyday competence in non-dementing older people who reside independently in the community. A brief cognitive instrument able to predict coping deficits in instrumental …

Psychological Well-Being In The Victims Of Bullying Among Primary School Children, Catherine A. Rice

Theses : Honours

A replication and extension of Rigby and Slee's (1993) study and an investigation of Seligman, Reivich, Jaycox and Gillham's (1995) theory of self-esteem was conducted in one private primary school in Western Australia. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the age and gender of victims of bullying with self-esteem of the students and their attitudes towards attending school (Rigby & Slee, 1993), and their explanatory style (Seligman et al., I 995). Four anonymous questionnaires: Peer Relations Assessment Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 1997), Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1989), Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (Seligman, Kaslow, Alloy, Peterson, Tanenbaum …

A Connection Between Eating Disorder Symptomatology And Guild Or Shame, Deborah J. Kuehnel

Theses

By their own nature Eating Disorders are very self-destructive and potentially life threatening behaviors. They are symptoms which may represent a constellation of underlying problems. This investigation explores the relation of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness to eating disorder symptomatology in a sample of 171 undergraduate women. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA). Shame was significantly and positively correlated with drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, lack of interoceptive awareness, asceticism, difficulties with impulse regulation, and social insecurity. Guilt was negatively or negligibly correlated with these symptoms. These two correlative findings impact …

The Influence Of Perceived Social Support On Loneliness Among Students Of Foreign Status Studying In The United States, Brian Vakoc

Theses

Loneliness is a common experience for individuals studying in foreign countries. Where cultures, communications, and social structures are unfamiliar feelings of loneliness can present a difficult component within the adjustment process. Social support has a direct influence on a person's ability to adjust to an unfamiliar environment. Feelings of loneliness experienced by a person can be attributed to that person's perception of social support. Students who are studying in the United States from abroad are subject to a multitude of unfamiliar environments that promote uncertain social supports and increased levels of loneliness. Understanding differences between cultures and their effects on …

The Relationship Between Internal Object Representations And Affective Style: A Tat Study, Robin B. Kerner

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study explored the relationship between internalized object representations and interpersonal affective style (AS). Subjects were drawn from a sample of families participating in the Yale Psychiatric Institute Family Study (Diamond & Doane, 1994). The present study examined only the parents in these families (N = 70). At the time of their child's psychiatric admission, these subjects were administered the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and participated in a family interaction task in order to assess their affective style (AS; Doane et al., 1981). TATs were scored utilizing Westen's (1985, revised 1989) Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS). It was …

Using A Realistic Job Preview To Communicate Organizational Culture, Johanna Glode

Dissertations and Theses

The present study sought to determine how organizational culture information could best be presented to job applicants for the purpose of attracting employees who will fit into an organization's culture. Attraction to the organization's culture was hypothesized to influence applicant self-selection into the company. Two different types of Realistic Job Previews (RJPs), semantic and episodic, were compared in their ability to convey information accurately about a hypothetical organizational culture. Participant knowledge of the culture was hypothesized to align objective, or actual, fit with subjective perceptions of fit.

Knowledge of the organization's culture, objective fit, subjective fit, attractiveness of the culture, …

Negotiation And Reorganization Of Peer Relationships During Adolescence: The Emergence Of Romantic Relationships And Quality Of Peer Relationships, Melanie Jo Zimmer-Gembeck

Dissertations and Theses

Research suggests that, for adolescent females, the initiation of romantic relationships is a normative developmental task and a task associated with potential difficulties, including physical aggression. Most previous research treats progress in this task as a function of individual characteristics. This study assumes that when girls are negotiating romantic relationships, they have existing intimate friendships with other females, and these friendships are important to how this task is negotiated.

Females who recently graduated from high school provided retrospective and current information on the amount of leisure time spent with members of their social networks, qualities of relationships in later adolescence, …

Trends. International Trade And The Subversion Of Justice: Japan, The European Union, And Iraq, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the moral philosophy, the psychology of moral judgment, and treatises on law often suggest that justice subsumes some combination of behavioral and intentional accountability and equity.

Learning To See Analogies: A Connectionist Exploration, Douglas S. Blank

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

The goal of this dissertation is to integrate learning and analogy-making. Although learning and analogy-making both have long histories as active areas of research in cognitive science, not enough attention has been given to the ways in which they may interact. To that end, this project focuses on developing a computer program, called Analogator, that learns to make analogies by seeing examples of many different analogy problems and their solutions. That is, it learns to make analogies by analogy. This approach stands in contrast to most existing computational models of analogy in which particular analogical mechanisms are assumed a priori …

Farrowing Behaviour And Stillbirth In Two Environments: An Evaluation Of The Restraint-Stillbirth Hypothesis, D. Fraser, P. A. Phillips, B. K. Thompson

Reproductive Behavior Collection

A total of 59 farrowings were studied in either a conventional, narrow farrowing crate (0.43 m wide) or a much wider alternative design with sides spaced 1.2 m apart at the sow’s standing height but narrowing near the floor to limit the sow’s lying area. Using video recording, we monitored each “birth interval” (i.e. the period between two successive births) and noted the interval’s length, the sow’s posture and postural changes during the interval, and whether the interval ended with a live-born or stillborn piglet. The wide and conventional crates did not differ significantly in median interval between piglets (15.9 …

Personality Types Of Registered Nurses Employed In A Rural Community Hospital, Tina Snodgrass

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to identify the personality types of registered nurses in a rural community. An extensive literature review revealed that no studies, utilizing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to identify personality types, had been conducted with rural nurses. Jung's Psychological Type Theory was the theoretical framework for the study. The MBTI operationalizes Jung's theory and was utilized to determine the most frequently occurring personality types of the nurses. A descriptive study was conducted at a 68 bed acute care hospital. The sample consisted of 40 experienced registered nurses working in staff positions within the hospital. Sensing, …

Is It Lost Or Just Forgotten? The Use Of Age Regression In Recapturing A Second Language, Marlene J. Mowery

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study addresses the question of whether a second language learned in early childhood and later forgotten is lost forever or is situationally unretrievable. The focus of this case study is the examination of hypnotic age regression as a means of retrieval and the use of posthypnotic suggestion in recapturing and maintaining a lost language. A multi-session single subject design was employed in this study. The participant was a nine-year-old American female who was exposed to Hungarian in a Budapest pre-school setting from age three years nine months to age four years seven months. The subject became as fluent as …

Implicit Theories And Conceptions Of Morality, Chi-Yue Chiu, Carol S. Dweck, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this article, the authors propose that individuals' moral beliefs are linked to their implicit theories about the nature (i.e., malleability) of their social-moral reality. Specifically, it was hypothesized that when individuals believe in a fixed reality (entity theory), they tend to hold moral beliefs in which duties within the given system are seen as fundamental. In contrast, when individuals believe in a malleable reality (incremental theory), one that can be shaped by individuals, they hold moral beliefs that focus on moral principles, such as human rights, around which that reality should be organized. Results from 5 studies supported the …

A Multi-Method Inquiry Into Managerial Coaching, Deborah J. Petricek

Dissertations and Theses

Managerial coaching is a little understood and assessed phenomenon. An exploratory study was conducted in order to describe and examine coaching practices in the work world. Interviews were conducted with a group of managers and direct reports from a single company. Based on the interview discourse and previous research, two scales were developed in order to investigate the coach and coachee domains. Manager and associate survey forms were constructed using these new scales and the Leader /Member Exchange (LMX) in order to investigate the relationship domain of coaching. In addition, the Least-Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale was included in the manager …

Subsystem Variables Associated With Positive Foster Mother-Foster Child Relationships, Meg Sandow

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Many researchers have explored variables that appear to influence a foster child's placement, and both researchers and theorists have noted the need for an overarching understanding of the variables that may affect a foster child's care and progress. This study examined four interlinking subsystems of foster care: the foster child, the family of origin, the foster parent, and the social worker. Data regarding relevant variables for each of these subsystems were analyzed by means of canonical correlations, factor analyses, a multiple regression, and zero-order correlations. Participants in the study were 42 foster children from the Chesapeake and Suffolk Departments of …