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Baby Boomers At Work: Growing Older And Working More, Eve M. Brank

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

In the current chapter, I will first detail the legal framework for workplace age discrimination and court case examples that have largely mirrored race and gender discrimination law. Next, I will discuss the psychological research that details the consequences of age discrimination with a particular focus on the combined effects of stereotype assimilation and notions of deservingness of respect. Last, I will suggest that until we know the causes of age discrimination, we cannot legitimately address its consequences the same way we have addressed other forms of discrimination. Specifically, I will argue that legislating against age discrimination is inherently different …

Bias In Terms Of Culture: Work Values Country-Clustering For 33 European Countries And Person-Job Fit Factor Equivalence Testing For Four European Countries, Kostas Mylonas, Aikaterini Gari, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Elli Georgiadi, Velichko Valchev, Sofia Papazoglou, Mariana Brkich

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Bias in terms of culture has been posing threat to cross-cultural research since the very beginning of crosscultural endeavor. Metric and statistical methods have been discussed in literature in order to deal with this type of bias; however, some of these methods show side-effects on the level of scale validity and some others with so stringent effects on the available information and allow for very limited variance to be interpreted. The present twofold study describes yet another method, this time based on country clusters, following the idea introduced by Georgas & Berry (1995) of employing country sets based on their …

The Functions Of Music-Listening Across Cultures: The Development Of A Scale Measuring Personal, Social And Cultural Functions Of Music, Diana Boer, Ronald Fischer, Jimena De Garay Hernández, Ma. Luisa González Atilano, Luz Moreno, Marcus Roth, Markus Zenger

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

We examined the functions of music-listening from a cross-cultural perspective. Two studies were conducted to capture personal, social and cultural experiences with music. Young people were sampled; mainly online surveys were used. Study 1 is a qualitative multicultural study that identified seven main functions of music: background, memories, diversion, emotion, self-regulation, reflection of self, and social bonding. In study 2, based on the qualitative data, we developed and validated a scale measuring Ratings of Experienced Social, PErsonal and Cultural Themes of MUSIC functions (RESPECT-MUSIC) in three cultural samples (Latin-American, Anglo- Saxon, and Germanic). A ten-factorial solution was found to be …

Rendering Borders Obsolete: Cross-Cultural And Cultural Psychology As An Interdisciplinary, Multi-Method Endeavor, Franziska Deutsch, Mandy Boehnke, Ulrich KüHnen, Klaus Boehnke

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-reviewed book based on presentations at the XIX Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2008, Bremen, Germany.

(c) 2011, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology

Culture And Passionate Love, Elaine Hatfield, Richard L. Rapson

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

For more than 4,000 years, poets and storytellers have sung of the delights and sufferings of love and lust. This chapter reviews what scholars from various disciplines have discovered about the nature of passionate love and sexual desire. Anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists have assumed that passionate love is a cultural universal. Cultural researchers, historians, and social psychologists have emphasized the stunning diversity in the way passionate love and sexual desire have been viewed and experienced. Culture, ethnicity and the rules passed down by political and religious authorities have a profound impact on the way people think about and act out …

Native American Mascots: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Of Students’ Acceptability Perceptions Of Native Mascots Versus Theoretical Use Of Other Ethnic Groups’ Iconology By Sports Teams, Shae Hart

McNair Scholars Research Journal

United States’ sports teams have made use of the faces, cultures and traditions of the indigenous people of our country for many years. Despite the perception that many Native Americans feel this practice is racist and/or insulting, it continues. This study helps further analyze perceptions that lead to the acceptability by the public of continued use of Native American iconology by sports teams for their logos, names, nicknames and mascots. Students report that the use of such iconology is a compliment to Native Americans, whereas it is an insult to other ethnic groups when represented in the same manner.

Responding To Our Own Transgressions: An Experimental Writing Study Of Repentance, Offense Rumination, Self-Justification, And Distraction, Charlotte Witvliet, Nova G. Hinman, Julie J. Exline, Timothy Brandt

Faculty Scholarship

This between-subjects experiment focused on offender responses to their past interpersonal transgressions in self-identified Christian undergraduates (55 M, 85 F). Participants completed pre-post measures for one of four randomly assigned 20-minute writing conditions: repentance (i.e., writing about constructive sorrow, apology, restitution, behavior change), offense rumination (i.e., negative wallowing), self-justification (i.e., externalizing blame, minimizing costs), or distraction (i.e., daily details). Offense rumination and repentance writing included the most cost-oriented language; rumination had the most negative emotion language. Mixed within (pre vs. post) X between group ANOVA interactions yielded theoretically meaningful results. Repentance reduced self-condemnation and regret while increasing conciliatory motivations toward …

Meaning Correlates Of Value Orientations, Shulamith Kreitler

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The purpose was to explore the relations between value orientations and meaning assignment tendencies. The hypotheses were that values would be related to a certain number of meaning variables that would be similar in three cultural groups. The participants were 150 individuals of both genders living in Israel. They are from three cultural communities (50 participants each): Israeli, French, and Russian. They were administered the values inventory PQ IV by Schwartz (1992) and the Meaning Test by Kreitler and Kreitler (1990a). The relations between the values of hedonism, power, and benevolence and the meaning variables were analyzed by correlations. The …

Cross-Cultural Risk Behavior In Financial Decisions And The Cushion Hypothesis, Jin Tan

CMC Senior Theses

92 students from a Southern California liberal arts college and two Beijing universities participated in an online questionnaire. Their cultural tendencies (i.e. level of collectivism and perception of family support) and responses to hypothetical investment scenarios were observed. Participants were asked to provide the amount they would invest in each scenario as well as a risk safety rating. The Chinese respondents reported higher cushion and collectivism scores than the Americans. Furthermore, the Chinese sample offered more money for the three riskiest scenarios; they also rated three scenarios safer than the Americans did. The cushion and collectivism scores were not found …

Express Yourself: The Effects Of Body Position On Non-Verbal Communication Of Emotions, Kathryn H. Mgrublian

CMC Senior Theses

Recent research has documented that we tend to use the face to express some emotions, but use the body to express other emotions. To understand the contributions of the body to non-verbal emotional communication, we compared the performance of able-bodied participants who were allowed to express emotions naturally (standing) to able-bodied participants who were confined to a wheelchair.  Theories of embodied emotion would predict that restraining the use of the body should change emotion production and communication confidence, especially for body-related emotions. Participants expressed six different emotions in three conditions: 1) naturally, 2) face only, and 3) body only. After …

Resilience: The Role Of Optimism, Perceived Parental Autonomy Support And Perceived Social Support, Michelle Dawson

Theses : Honours

Resilience is an individual’s ability to positively adapt when challenging, adverse or stressful circumstances arise. Transitions are a change from what is familiar to what is unfamiliar and undergoing transitions may provide challenges that may cause anxiety and stress. Three mechanisms suggested to be beneficial in coping with transitions as well as developing and maintaining and potentially predicting resilience are optimism, perceived parental autonomy support (PAS) and perceived social support (PSS). This review will begin by providing definitions of resilience, risk and protective factors, buffering effects, a brief historical overview of the development of resilience research with mention of the …

General Strain Theory And Juvenile Delinquency: A Cross-Cultural Study, Wen-Hsu Lin

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

General strain theory (GST) (Agnew, 1992, 2001, 2006a) is an established criminological theory. Although the theory has been examined by many and enjoys empirical support, some limitations of previous studies need to be addressed. First, previous studies have not incorporated all major types of strain in their models; hence, the effects of these strains on delinquency are unclear. Second, many previous studies did not include negative emotions and even negative emotions other than anger. Finally, and the most serious limitation, many previous studies rely heavily on samples from Western countries, mostly the U.S.; thus, possible cultural influences are ignored. Although …

Context Dependent Pitch Perception In Consonant And Dissonant Harmonic Intervals, George Albert Seror

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

Advice To Rape Victims : The Influence Of Beliefs About Rape And Opinions About Formal Support Providers, Yumi Suzuki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite the abundance of literature discussing rape, only a few studies examined others' influence on rape victims' decisions to seek further help as a remedy for recovering from violent victimizations. These studies showed that the majority of rape victims consulted friends or relatives and that rape victims in fact took this advice for their next action. However, there is a gap in our knowledge about the type and the frequency of advice given to rape victims. In order to add to the existing knowledge, this study examined the factors influencing friends' advice to (1) contact criminal justice professionals, (2) contact …

Vulnerability And Protective Factors For Sexual Assault, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Approximately 1 in 5 women experience sexual assaults in adulthood during their lives (see Post, this volume, for review), including experiences of unwanted sexual contact, sexual coercion, attempted rape, and completed rape that result from threat, force, or incapacitation from alcohol or drugs (either willingly or unwillingly consumed).

The Relationship Of Teacher Perceptions Of Principal Support Styles And Teachers' Own Attitudes About The Use Of Support Styles With Children, Michael Simcha Lax

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This study assessed the role that principal modeling has on influencing teachers’ classroom styles and behaviors. Teachers differ in the degree to which they employ autonomy supporting or controlling behaviors. The degree to which teachers demonstrate autonomy supportive behaviors has a direct effect on the level of autonomous motivation demonstrated by students. This is because students are more likely to develop self-determined motivation in a social environment which provides support for autonomy (Deci, Vallerand, Pelletier and Ryan, 1991). Higher levels of student autonomy is associated with a lower school drop out rate (Vallerand, 1997) and higher levels of academic achievement …

Trait Anxiety And Trait Disgust In Spider Phobia, Laura Vernon, Michiyo Hirai

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

There is evidence for the role of trait anxiety in the specific phobias, and spider phobia in particular. Recently, trait disgust has received attention in relation to specific phobia and researchers and theorists have begun to address its contributions to phobia etiology, maintenance, and treatment processes. There is now strong evidence that a trait or dispositional proneness to experience disgust is related to spider phobia. What is perhaps more important is emerging evidence that both trait anxiety and trait disgust may contribute to spider phobia severity independently of one another. However, the overall picture is far from clear and distinguishing …

May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration Of Age-Gap Relationships In Western Society, Justin Lehmiller, Christopher Agnew

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Decision To Pursue Self-Interests: Cultural Implications At The Individual Level, Corinne Patrice Wright

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In the current study I examined the relationships between personality, culture, and the decision to pursue self-interests. Specifically, I proposed that conscientiousness, extraversion, idiocentrism, masculinity, and power distance would be positively related to the decision to pursue self-interests whereas agreeableness would be negatively related to the pursuit of self-interests. I also proposed an exploratory examination of interactions between personality and individual cultural values in predicting the decision to pursue self- interests. As predicted, idiocentrism and masculinity significantly predicted the decision to pursue self-interests. In addition, masculinity moderated the effects of both agreeableness and neuroticism on the pursuit of self-interests. Also, …

The Power To Promote Justice Program: A Train-The-Trainer Model For The Development Of Culturally Competent Teaching Practices Among Secondary Educators, Patrece Gabrielle Hairston

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

As the United States population becomes increasingly diverse, the need for multicultural training is greater than ever. Due to this tremendous shift in societal demographics, today's classrooms require teachers to educate students varying in culture, language, abilities, and many other characteristics. The Power to Promote Justice program is intended to provide educators with in-depth training in multicultural education. There is evidence to suggest that many teacher education programs provide minimal training in this area, leaving teachers ill equipped to manage the difficulties associated with working with diverse populations. The Power to Promote Justice Program is a five-session train-the-trainer program that …

Cross Cultural Variables: Evaluating Employee Attitudes Across Four Regions Of Asia, Europe, North And Latin America, Martin Brockerhoff, Jeanine K. Andreassi Ph.D.

WCBT Working Papers

There has been an explosion of businesses moving operations overseas, setting up international joint ventures and establishing multinational enterprises. This trend has led organizational researchers as well as corporations to explore the implications of cultural differences in managing a workforce. Can the same Western management practices be used as effectively with employees in Asia as in North America? Does the application of Western management principles in multinationals affect aspects of job satisfaction in non-Western countries? This poster reports the findings from two exploratory analyses on the relationship between job attitudes and the geographic/cultural setting of business organizations. The first analysis …

Eyes, Eyebrows And Their Effect On The Facial Perception Of Hostility, Bradford L. Schroeder

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the eyebrows and the eyes on the perception of the emotion of hostility through facial expressions. Eighty-six participants were randomly selected as a convenience sample from Tennessee Technological University. Images of the eye and eyebrow region of the face were projected in front of the class and participants rated each image on hostility, friendliness, and happiness, scaled from 0-5. The specific dependent measures were only hostility ratings. Results supported each of the proposed hypotheses. It was found that inward eyebrows, less open eyes, and the combination of inward …

Cultural Differences In Forgiveness Fatalism, Trust Violations, And Trust Repair Efforts In Interpersonal Collaboration, Jessica L. Wildman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mistakes and betrayals can cause developing interpersonal trust between parties to be broken, and damaged trust can have serious negative impacts on relationships, such as withdrawal from group interaction or the enactment of revenge. Research has suggested that the use of apologies helps to repair damaged trust. However, this research is almost exclusively based in westernized populations and has not begun to explore any cross-cultural differences. Therefore, the primary goal of this comparative cross-national laboratory study was to examine if, and how, the effectiveness of trust repair efforts differs across cultures. The effectiveness of three manipulated trust repair strategies (no …

I Am Smart, Therefore I Can: Examining The Relationship Between Iq And Self-Efficacy Across Cultures, Diomaris E. Jurecska, Chloe E. Lee-Zorn, Kelly B.T. Chang, Elizabeth Sequeira

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between intelligence (IQ) and self-efficacy in children and adolescents living in the United States and Nicaragua. The sample consisted of 90 (46 male, 44 female) students (mean age = 11.57 years, SD = 3.0 years) referred by school administrators and faculty. United States (US) participants (n = 27) resided in rural counties in the Northwest. The other group consisted of 63 students from Central America. A comparison between groups revealed that in the US, sample higher grades and IQ scores are typically associated with higher levels of self-efficacy. However in …

A Cross-Cultural Adaptation Of The Irrational Beliefs Inventory From English To Icelandic, Gudmundur Torfi Heimisson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI) was built to measure self-defeating beliefs as conceptualized in Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy. The IBI has five factors: worrying, rigidity, problem avoidance, need for approval, and emotional irresponsibility. A three-phase cross-cultural study was conducted to translate and adapt the IBI from English to Icelandic, and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach was used for a test of factorial validity and cross-cultural invariance.

In Phase 1, the IBI was translated from English to Icelandic, using a forward-translation and back-translation. Two forward-translators and two back-translators were recruited. In Phase 2, qualitative interview methods were used in both the …

Dual Consciousness: Identity Construction Among Appalachian Professional Women In Southern Ohio, Rebecca Nicole Roades

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study examined identity construction among a purposeful sample of professional women of Appalachian origin with particular regard to the blending of their cultural heritage in a society in which they are often marginalized. The questions guiding the research were grounded in a conceptual framework encompassing elements of culture, gender, leadership, and identity theories specifically using internal colonization, social cognitive, and social identity theories. They included the following: How do these women identify with their Appalachian heritage? How has their Appalachian heritage influenced real or perceived feelings of marginalization and how has that shaped their identity? Do they perceive themselves …

Perceptions Of A Deity And Corresponding Religious Group As Affected By Descriptions Of Gender And Personal Characteristics, Hannah R. Jones

Honors Projects

Both personal and social identities are important to the self-concept, but the values of such identities can come into question when they conflict with one another. The religious group, one such identification, can exert a great deal of influence over one’s thoughts and beliefs. However, religion is often critiqued for being a reflection of the patriarchal context from which a religion often emerges, which potentially elicits and reinforces gender stereotypes and sexism within the religious group. This can be seen in the Abrahamic religions; they maintain that their God does not claim biological sex nor gender, but their texts include …

Body Image And Body Type Preferences In St. Kitts, Caribbean: A Cross- Cultural Comparison With U.S. Samples Regarding Attitudes Towards Muscularity, Body Fat, And Breast Size, Peter B. Gray, David Frederick

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

We investigated body image in St. Kitts, a Caribbean island where tourism, international media, and relatively high levels of body fat are common. Participants were men and women recruited from St. Kitts (n = 39) and, for comparison, U.S. samples from universities (n = 618) and the Internet (n = 438). Participants were shown computer generated images varying in apparent body fat level and muscularity or breast size and they indicated their body type preferences and attitudes. Overall, there were only modest differences in body type preferences between St. Kitts and the Internet sample, with the St. Kitts participants being …

Maintaining Faith In Agency Under Immutable Constraints: Cognitive Consequences Of Believing In Negotiable Fate, Evelyn Wing-Mun Au, Chi-Yue Chiu, Avinish Chaturvedi, Leeann Mallorie, Madhu Viswanathan, Zhi Xue, Krishna Savani

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Negotiable fate refers to the idea that one can negotiate with fate for control, and that people can exercise personal agency within the limits that fate has determined. Research on negotiable fate has found greater prevalence of related beliefs in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and English-speaking countries. The present research extends previous findings by exploring the cognitive consequences of the belief in negotiable fate. It was hypothesized that this belief enables individuals to maintain faith in the potency of their personal actions and to remain optimistic in their goal pursuits despite the immutable …

Responding To Our Own Transgressions: An Experimental Writing Study Of Repentance, Offense Rumination, Self-Justification, And Distraction, Charlotte Vanoyen-Witvliet, Nova G. Hinman, Julie J. Exline, Timothy Brandt

Faculty Publications

This between-subjects experiment focused on offender responses to their past interpersonal transgressions in self-identified Christian undergraduates (55 M, 85 F). Participants completed pre-post measures for one of four randomly assigned 20-minute writing conditions: repentance (i.e., writing about constructive sorrow, apology, restitution, behavior change), offense rumination (i.e., negative wallowing), self-justification (i.e., externalizing blame, minimizing costs), or distraction (i.e., daily details). Offense rumination and repentance writing included the most cost-oriented language; rumination had the most negative emotion language. Mixed within (pre vs. post) X between group ANOVA interactions yielded theoretically meaningful results. Repentance reduced self-condemnation and regret while increasing conciliatory motivations toward …