Digital Commons Network^™

Neuropsychological Outcome In Relation To Duration Of Early Orphanage Experience, Jacquelyn Marie Perry Avery

Wayne State University Dissertations

In this sample of 144 children with a history of prior orphanage experience, increasing duration of institutionalization is related to decreasing performance for a number of cognitive domains, most consistently verbal measures and executive Functioning measures. The relationships with duration for measures requiring visual-spatial skills were more mixed and a visual reasoning task was found to significantly relate to duration but not a measure of visual memory or a measure of nonverbal achievement. There was little evidence to support a relationship between the duration of institutionalization and fine-motor dexterity. The strongest relationships with duration were observed for language measures followed …

Child And Family Predictors Of Bullying In Middle School Students, Rene Michele Nota

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the shared variables that contribute to direct and indirect aggression, specifically bullying and to explore the role of family context, and adolescent personality characteristics on predicting bullying behavior. The theoretical framework of this study was based on evidence that no specific element can describe why some individuals are at risk for behaving aggressively and other are more resilient. The study included 259 middle schools students in grades six through eight. The students were enrolled at a single middle school located in a suburban area. The largest group of students was African American, …

Steering The Cultural Dynamics, Yoshihisa Kashima, Emiko S. Kashima, Ruth Beatson

IACCP Proceedings of the Biennial International Conferences

A peer-revieved book based on presentations at the XX Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Edited by Yoshihisa Kashima, Emiko Kashima, and Ruth Beatson.

(c) 2013, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology

A Qiang Perspective On Promoting The Rehabilitation Of Children Affected By The Earthquake, S. Chai, Xian Gui Yang, Shuguang Wang

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The Qiang ethnic minority had a population of around 300,000 at the time of the earthquake. The Qiang mostly inhabit the poorest and most socially disadvantaged remote rural mountainous areas of the Wen Chuan and Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous Counties of Sichuan. The Qiang have a continuous cultural history dating from the Diqiang groups of the Xia Dynasty (16th to 11th century BC). They have their own language and animistic belief system, and have developed their own traditional ways of dealing with disasters. The Qiang’s myth of “Bubita” (God) and the legend of “Mutazhu and Douanzhu” (a heroic story) are …

Worker Wellbeing In Malaysia: Prediction Of Wellbeing From Psychosocial Work Environment, Organizational Justice And Work Family Conflict, R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahim, Keis Ohtsuka

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The current study investigates if psychosocial work environment, organizational justice and work family conflict predict Malaysian workers’ wellbeing. The current study expands previous research by assessing wellbeing using composite measures of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect as well as job affective wellbeing, psychological and spiritual wellbeing. One thousand one hundred and sixty five Malaysian workers in the manufacturing sector (551 men, 614 women, age range: 18-59 years) answered questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that psychosocial work environment, organizational justice and work family conflict predicted wellbeing. With regard to ethnic and cultural differences in wellbeing, Indian-Malaysians …

Self-Other Differences And Perceived Effectiveness: A Look Across Culture Dimensions, Nathalie Castano

Wayne State University Dissertations

The use of 360-degree feedback is prominent across the world. Several studies have in-vestigated the impact of culture on different aspects of 360-degree feedback, such as self-other agreement, but very few have studied how ratings on these instruments predict perceptions of leadership effectiveness, and whether this relationship is the same across different societies. The present study seeks to narrow the gap between cross-cultural research and 360-degree feedback, by (a) investigating the role that culture plays on the self-other agreement and effectiveness relationship from a culture dimension perspective and (b) comparing how different cultural aspects help explain this relationship. As barriers …

The Explanations For Unemployment Scale: An Eight-Country Study On Factor Equivalence, Kostas Mylonas, Adrian Furnham, Emmanouil Konstantinidis, Sofia Papazoglou, William Divale, Cigdem Leblebici, Sonia Gondim, Angela Moniz, Hector Grad, Jose Luis Alvaro, Romeo Zeno Zeno, Anna Filus, Pawel Boski

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Explanations for Unemployment have been studied through a 20-item scale created by Furnham (1982) on three theoretical dimensions: the individualistic, the societal, and the fatalistic. In this study we revised this scale to co-ordinate it with contemporary social and economic facts and through metric testing-adjustments and multivariate statistical analysis we arrived at a 19-item scale retaining eight of the original scale items. This revised scale was statistically and theoretically valid as its factor structure closely resembled the original factor structure Furnham had described. For the second stage of the study, data were collected from eight countries and multilevel covariance structure …

Does Tolerance Reflect A More Inclusive Self-Construal? A Comparison Of Poland, East And West Germany, Maja K. Schachner, Toby Robertson, Fons Van De Vijver, Friedrich Funke, Dorota Brzezinska

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Past research suggests that Poland and Germany differ in the inclusiveness of their “moral universe”, i.e. the breadth of the community to which people apply moral values and rules of fairness (Schwartz, 2007). It seems likely that this difference is reflected in a more or less inclusive definition of one’s ingroup. The present study investigated (1) whether there are indeed differences in ingroup inclusiveness as manifested in differential construals of the self in East and West Germany and Poland and (2) whether those differences are reflected in differences in tolerance. As expected, participants in West Germany had the most inclusive …

Ensuring Rigor In Qualitative Research Within The Field Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Carolin Demuth

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Within recent years, there has been an increasing call for qualitative research in cross-cultural psychology. Despite this general openness, there seems to be some confusion about how to evaluate the quality of such research. This has been partly due to the heterogeneity of the field and the epistemological underpinnings of qualitative research that do not allow for standard criteria of rigor as in the traditional psychological research. Nevertheless, there is an emerging canon of recognized standards of good practice in qualitative research which the present paper will briefly discuss. The paper aims at motivating cross-cultural psychologists to produce high quality …

Situational Analysis From Two Studies Facilitating The Development Of A Psycho- Cultural Rehabilitation Program For Children Affected By The 12 May 2008 Earthquake In Sichuan, China, Shuguang Wang, Daphne Keats, Melissa Gao, S. Zhang, Xian Gui Yang, S. Chai

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The data presented are from two field studies: (1) a survey of 2234 current children’s caregivers; and (2) interviews with 1200 children, evaluating the children’s social, psychological and behavioural situation after the devastating Sichuan earthquake in the hard-hit Qiang ethnic community. Insights from the findings will be used to develop an evidence-based, culturally appropriate approach on the best use of cultural resources to facilitate the children’s post-disaster rehabilitation. Evidence from the first study indicated that the disaster had a significant impact on the ethnic Qiang children and their families in regard to personal loss, physical injury, social relationships and psychological …

The Background To The Research: Cultural, Theoretical And Methodological Issues, Daphne Keats, Shuguang Wang

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

The disastrous earthquake of 12 May, 2008 had its greatest impact on the Qiang people, an ethnic minority living in the mountainous regions of Sichuan at the earthquake’s epicentre. Over 80,000 people died, over a million were injured or missing, most buildings collapsed and most homes were demolished under the avalanches. Thousands of children were evacuated to safety, some moved to far distant locations. The research team from the University of Newcastle responded to the plea of the Qiang leaders to help the children. In cooperation with the China-Australia Centre for Cross-Cultural Studies, a three stage psycho-cultural research program was …

A Psycho-Cultural Program Of Research To Assist Children Affected By The Sichuan Earthquake, China, 12 May, 2008, Daphne Keats

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

No abstract provided.

Same Fight, Different Player: An Insight Into Culture, Information Sharing, And Team Performance, Cecily Mccoy-Fisher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among culture, information sharing, and performance among culturally-homogeneous NATO Officer teams. Forty-eight teams participated from five countries, namely, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and USA. Teams of four participants were randomly assigned to a role and the task was an interdependent computer-based mission using an adapted version of Neverwinter Nights™ (Bioware, 2003), where they had to communicate among teammates and with non-human players to find weapons caches and other mission objectives. Not one individual had all of the information needed to perform the tasks; thus, they needed to share information with …

Global Freud (Fall 2013), Robert D. Tobin

Syllabi

In 1909, Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis went global. At the behest of Clark's president G. Stanley Hall, Freud traveled with Carl Jung and Sandor Ferenczi from Vienna, capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to speak at Clark University. Clark is the only university in the Americas at which Freud ever lectured and the only university in the world to have given Freud an honorary degree. Freud's visit to Clark took place at the cusp of his career -- ten years before his visit he was known only to a small group in Vienna while ten years after his visit he was …

Impulsivity Like Traits And Risky Driving Behaviors Among College Students, Matthew R. Pearson, Elaine M. Murphy, Ashley N. Doane

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study examined the predictive effects of five impulsivity-like traits (Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Negative Urgency, and Positive Urgency) on driving outcomes (driving errors, driving lapses, driving violations, cell phone driving, traffic citations, and traffic collisions). With a convenience sample of 266 college student drivers, we found that each of the impulsivity-like traits was related to multiple risky driving outcomes. Positive Urgency (tendency to act impulsively when experiencing negative affect) was the most robust predictor of risky driving outcomes. Positive Urgency is a relatively newly conceptualized impulsivity-like trait that was not examined in the driving literature previously, suggesting a …

Untangling Cultural Differences In Behavioral, Physiological, And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia And Alzheimer’S Disease, John S. Avant

Calvert Undergraduate Research Awards

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR; 4^th ed. Revised; American Psychiatric Association) and (BPSD) there are many behavioral, physiological, and psychological issues that have been correlated with the progression of the Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Examples of these issues include; emotional regulation problems, variations in eating behavior, and an advancing decline in memory. Though certain symptoms of the disease seem to be widely universal, current literature shows that a number of disparities do exist. There are several differences between and within populations suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and dementia that are influenced by various …

Is Translation Enough? : A Study Of The Item Characteristics Which Influence Equivalence Between English And Spanish Versions Of A Selection Test, Andrea Valentine

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this study was to investigate the equivalence between an English and Spanish version of a selection test that was used to hire entry-level employees for a nationwide retail organization. By using a test that was back translated from English to Spanish, this study aimed at understanding whether different item characteristics are related to differential item functioning (DIF) and whether these item characteristics moderate the degree of equivalence between IRT item parameters. An understanding of which item characteristics influence equivalence can help guide researchers and practitioners in deciding on which items require test adaptation and which can simply …

"Who Taught Us How To Lead?" Parental Influence On Leadership Styles, Asiyat Magomaeva

Wayne State University Theses

There is evidence that parenting styles shape the development of competence and achievement strategies, and that the authoritative parenting style is the most successful style in developing appropriate achievement strategies (Aunola, Stattin & Nurmi, 2000; Glasgow, Dornbusch, Troyer, Steinberg & Ritter, 1997)The present study investigated the link between parenting styles experienced during childhood and leadership styles adopted later in life, as well as which parent children perceive as most effective and whether that influences the leadership style they adopt later in life. Findings suggest that knowing the parenting style one experienced in childhood can help identify an individual's future leadership …

The Experience Of Elderly Koreans' Han And Its Implication For Spiritual Care: In The Canadian Context, Jong Park

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Han is an indigenous Korean concept signifying a depth of internalized human suffering, caused primarily by a long history of socio, economic and political oppression. Han can also be understood as the deep psychological wounds of the Korean people. This study focuses on the Han experiences of elderly Korean immigrants living in Canada. The main purpose of the research is to provide a better spiritual care for such seniors who live as a marginal population. For a holistic understanding of their Han, the literature review examines Han-related history, religion and psychology, and explores Han experiences in the family …

The Ethno-Epistemology Of Transpersonal Experience: The View From Transpersonal Anthropology, Charles D. Laughlin

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

This paper introduces the topic of ethno-epistemology with regards to transpersonal experiences. The distinction between polyphasic and monophasic cultures is introduced and the interaction between a society’s world view and individual transpersonal experience is explained using the cycle of meaning model. A link to philosophical work on “natural epistemology” is made and the importance of the “projectability” of cultural theories of experience is discussed. The individual contributions to this special section of the journal are introduced.

Daughters' Perception Of Parental Gender Disappointment In Relationship To Eating Disorders, Carolyn S. Bloye

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The impact of familial relationships, as both protective and risk factors, on the development and treatment of eating disorders (ED) is a frequent topic of research (Cordero & Israel, 2009 Enten & Golan, 2009). However, Parental Gender Disappointment (PGD) as related to ED is one family dynamic that has not been studied. PGD may occur when a child is not born the gender of their parent's prenatal preference and the negative impact it can have on the child has been demonstrated (Stattin, 1991). This study sought to examine the potential relationship between Perceived Parental Gender Disappointment (PPGD) and ED through …

Dissociation Differences Between Human-Made Trauma And Natural Disaster Trauma, Heather Merrell

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Contemporary psychiatric nosology defines dissociation as "a disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of identity, memory, or consciousness" (Ruiz, Poythress, Lilienfeld, & Douglas, 2008; p. 511). Dissociation as a reaction to a traumatic event remains a controversial issue. This study explored for differences in the extent and forms of dissociation, intrusion, and avoidance in human-made trauma and natural disaster trauma. A total of 232 participants were drawn from 6 samples. Natural trauma was experienced by 2 groups in Haiti (earthquake), and one in Japan (tsunami). Human trauma was experienced by samples in India (abandonment, rejection/ostracism), Southern Sudan (civil …

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) In The Latino Culture: A Proposed Culturally-Responsive Intervention Program For Latinas, Rochelle N. Welsh

CMC Senior Theses

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the factors that increase risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Latinos. Although the overall rates of psychiatric disorders in the Latino community are similar to Caucasian Americans, the risk for PTSD among Latinos is higher. This thesis discusses the general components of trauma and stress, as well as the prevalence of PTSD in various Latino subgroups. This thesis also covers a number of cultural-specific values, stressors, and help-seeking attitudes that increase the risk of PTSD among Latinos. Moreover, a culturally-responsive intervention program treating PTSD among Latinas who are victims of intimate …

Why Don't I Look Like Her? The Impact Of Social Media On Female Body Image, Kendyl M. Klein

CMC Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper is to understand and criticize the role of social media in the development and/or encouragement of eating disorders, disordered eating, and body dissatisfaction in college-aged women. College women are exceptionally vulnerable to the impact that social media can have on their body image as they develop an outlook on their bodies and accept the developmental changes that occurred during puberty. This paper provides evidence that there is a relationship between the recent surge in disordered eating and high consumption of social media. I examine the ways in which traditional advertising has portrayed women throughout history, …

The Harm Of Influence: When Exposure To Homosexuality Elicits Anger And Punishment Tendencies, Timothy Andrew Caswell

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the current project, I examined the distinct elicitors and behavioral outcomes of anti-gay anger and anti-gay disgust. The CAD triad hypothesis (Rozin, Lower, Imada, & Haidt, 1999) suggests that anger and disgust are elicited by distinct moral violations and cognitive appraisals. A plethora of research has documented the strong link between disgust and sexual prejudice, but very little attention has been given to the role of anger in sexual prejudice. The biocultural framework of stigmatization (Neuberg, Smith, & Asher, 2000) suggests that people who counter-socialize against prevailing social norms are stigmatized by others. If homosexual sexual behavior does not …

The Relationship Among Career Thoughts, Optimism, And Spirituality In Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer, Levette Subraina Dames

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship of dysfunctional career thoughts, optimism, and spirituality on Bahamian women (n=212) diagnosed with breast cancer. Also, it examined how optimism mediates the relationship between spirituality and dysfunctional career thoughts. The diagnosis of breast cancer impacts women physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually, financially, and in their career development. Career developmental plans and decisions are continuously being made. However, plans may become altered and decisions more difficult to make when a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer as she considers returning to work. The high survival rate of breast cancer patients indicates women may continue to work after …

Empowering Communities From The Ground Up: Perspectives On A Lay Mental Health Project In Post-Earthquake Haiti, Gilberte Bastien

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Relationships Among Self-Construal, Goal Motives, And Goal Outcomes And The Moderating Effects Of Culture, Tao Jiang

Online Theses and Dissertations

The current study intended to test a model which integrated different self-construal types, goal motivation types, and goal outcomes, and also to test the moderating effects of culture on the model. Based on previous literature, a hypothesized model was proposed. 250 American university students and 246 Chinese university students were recruited to test this model. All the participants completed several scales that measured the levels of three types of self-construal, four types of goal motive, goal-direct effort and progress, and two components of well-being. Based on the preliminary analyses, an adjusted model was generated. The results of the adjusted model …

A Prospective Study Of Differential Sources Of School-Related Social Support And Adolescents' Global Life Satisfaction, James D. Siddall

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between three sources of school-related social support (parent involvement, peer support for learning, and teacher-student relationships) and early adolescents’ global life satisfaction. The participants were 597 middle school students from one large school in the Southeastern United States who completed measures of school social climate and life satisfaction on two occasions, five months apart. The results revealed that school-related experiences in terms of social support for learning contributed substantial amounts of variance to individual differences in adolescents’ satisfaction with their lives as a whole. Cross-sectional multiple regression analyses of the differential contributions …

The Signal Provision Of Emotion: Using Emotions To Enhance Reliability Via Sensemaking, Joseph A. Allen, Cliff Scott, Sarah Tracy, John Crowe

Psychology Faculty Publications

High reliability organization (HRO) theory suggests that early detection of and swift responses to potentially hazardous and situation changing events in organizational environments is central to the sustainability of reliable operations. Limited research on HRO’s (e.g. military groups and firefighters) considers how normative demands on feeling and emotion help to explain why some events are recognized and responded to while others not. In this article, we propose a model of enactment of anomalous events (i.e., situation changing events) that considers the manner in which emotions are regulated in high reliability contexts and how this influences the extent to which early …