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Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach To Research In Human Sciences, Roger B. Sages, Jonas Lundsten Jan 2009

Meaning Constitution Analysis: A Phenomenological Approach To Research In Human Sciences, Roger B. Sages, Jonas Lundsten

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Each and every thought, word, feeling or action of a person harbor a richness of meaning, opening on all the possible worlds accessible for him/her. A vision on those possible worlds, those open possibilities of action, should be of great interest for human science research. We believe that the phenomenological thinking of Edmund Husserl, reworked to adapt to the modern conception of the human sciences, can allow such an understanding of a person or a more or less large group, giving not a static picture of his mind, but a dynamic view of the ongoing process of constitution of meaning. …

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Beyond Indigenization: International Dissemination Of Research By Majority-World Psychologists, John G. Adair, Yoshi Kashima, Maria Regina Maluf, Janak Pandey Jan 2009

Beyond Indigenization: International Dissemination Of Research By Majority-World Psychologists, John G. Adair, Yoshi Kashima, Maria Regina Maluf, Janak Pandey

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Analyses of the affiliations of authors of articles published in targeted samples of North American and international journals revealed trends toward increasing international publication by psychologists from countries outside the U.S., i.e., from countries in the rest of the world (ROW). Relatively few of these ROW publications came from psychologists from developing countries. Because developing countries are most numerous and represent the majority of the people in the world, their contribution to the world of psychology is important. Following a summary presentation of data for each journal for psychologists from East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and South Asia …

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Compulsive Hoarding In Children: Six Case Studies, Edward H. Plimpton, Randy O. Frost, Brianna C. Abbey, Whitney Dorer Jan 2009

Compulsive Hoarding In Children: Six Case Studies, Edward H. Plimpton, Randy O. Frost, Brianna C. Abbey, Whitney Dorer

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parents of six children who showed signs of compulsive hoarding. The cases revealed a wide variety of hoarding behaviors. Hoarding manifested in difficulties in discarding and maintaining control over possessions. Few cases had problems with clutter or excessive acquisition. In three cases hoarding was episodic and stress-related. Most of the cases showed overlapping ADHD symptoms and a majority demonstrated problems with perfectionism. Only two had clear obsessive-compulsive disorder, although concerns about others touching or moving possessions, which was present in all of the cases, may represent a form of ordering and arranging compulsions. None …

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Alcohol Self-Administration Acutely Stimulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (Hpa) Axis, But Alcohol Dependence Leads To A Dampened Neuroendocrine State, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Alcohol Self-Administration Acutely Stimulates The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (Hpa) Axis, But Alcohol Dependence Leads To A Dampened Neuroendocrine State, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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A Psychobiological Framework Of The Substrates That Mediate Nicotine Use During Adolescence, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

A Psychobiological Framework Of The Substrates That Mediate Nicotine Use During Adolescence, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Female Rats Display Dose-Dependent Differences To The Rewarding And Aversive Effects Of Nicotine In An Age-, Hormone-, And Sex-Dependent Manner., Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Female Rats Display Dose-Dependent Differences To The Rewarding And Aversive Effects Of Nicotine In An Age-, Hormone-, And Sex-Dependent Manner., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Rodent Models Of Nicotine Reward: What Do They Tell Us About Tobacco Abuse In Humans?, Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Rodent Models Of Nicotine Reward: What Do They Tell Us About Tobacco Abuse In Humans?, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Serotonin 2c Receptor Null Mutation On Physiology And Behavior Associated With Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway Function., Laura O'Dell Jan 2009

Impact Of Serotonin 2c Receptor Null Mutation On Physiology And Behavior Associated With Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway Function., Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

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Is A Sense Of Inequity An Ancestral Primate Trait? Testing Social Inequity In Cotton Top Tamarins, Julie J. Neiworth, Elizabeth T. Johnson, Katherine Whillock, Julia Greenberg, Vanessa Brown Jan 2009

Is A Sense Of Inequity An Ancestral Primate Trait? Testing Social Inequity In Cotton Top Tamarins, Julie J. Neiworth, Elizabeth T. Johnson, Katherine Whillock, Julia Greenberg, Vanessa Brown

Psychology Faculty Work

To address a controversy in the literature concerning whether monkeys show an aversion to inequity, individuals of a New World monkey species, cotton top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) were tested in an offering task and in a bartering task. At issue was whether the monkeys rejected rewards because of a violation of expectancy of the preferred reward, or whether they rejected rewards because of a sensitivity to socially mediated inequity. The data from both tasks indicated that the subjects were more likely to reject when preferred rewards were presented, either because of another animal eating the reward (the social condition) or …

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Thinking About Me: How Social Awareness Evolved, Julie J. Neiworth Jan 2009

Thinking About Me: How Social Awareness Evolved, Julie J. Neiworth

Psychology Faculty Work

—Humans seem unique in their consideration of others’ goals, motivations, intentions, and needs. But the human form of social awareness did not spring from nowhere; certain mechanisms shared across primates formed the foundation from which these processes derived. A review of recent nonhuman primate research points to particular ancestral mechanisms, including an interest in images moving in synchrony with self, a mirror neuron system that responds in the same way to actions made by the self and by others, and inherited social tolerance that provided the bases for social thinking. Still there is a gap in tracking social awareness from …

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The Effect Of Story Structure On Memory For Technical Instructions, Pamela R. Dowling Jan 2009

The Effect Of Story Structure On Memory For Technical Instructions, Pamela R. Dowling

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Stories represent an important key to how people remember information. Psychology has characterized stories in terms of grammars, which are lists of components typically found in stories (e.g., setting, protagonist, causal sequence etc.). This has a tendency to limit the definition of a story to grammars and negate the importance of ideas such as content. The present research hopes to expand the definition of a story by introducing another set of literature, namely speech act theory. According to speech act theory, conversations include more information than regular text regarding expectations among the conversational participants and common patterns of conversational exchange. …

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Forced Abstinence Model Of Relapse To Study Pharmacological Treatments Of Substance Use Disorder, Carmela M. Reichel, Rick A. Bevins Jan 2009

Forced Abstinence Model Of Relapse To Study Pharmacological Treatments Of Substance Use Disorder, Carmela M. Reichel, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Understanding and preventing relapse to drug use is one of the most difficult challenges faced by clinicians and practitioners in the struggle to help people remain abstinent. In this paper, we review basic preclinical research on forced abstinence periods that identify the neural substrates involved and neural adaptations that occur after a drug-free period. Our attention focuses on forced abstinence after self-administration because of its promise for translational research in the development of candidate medications to reduce relapse. This model requires subjects (often rats) to initially acquire drug self-administration. However, rather than extinguishing behavior with daily drug-free sessions as in …

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Bupropion Attenuates Methamphetamine Self-Administration In Adult Male Rats, Carmela M. Reichel, Jennifer E. Murray, Kathleen M. Grant, Rick A. Bevins Jan 2009

Bupropion Attenuates Methamphetamine Self-Administration In Adult Male Rats, Carmela M. Reichel, Jennifer E. Murray, Kathleen M. Grant, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Bupropion is a promising candidate medication for methamphetamine use disorder. As such, we used a preclinical model of drug-taking to determine the effects of bupropion on the reinforcing effects of methamphetamine (0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg/infusion). Specificity was determined by investigating the effects of bupropion on responding maintained by sucrose. In the selfadministration study, rats were surgically prepared with indwelling jugular catheters and trained to self-administer methamphetamine under an FR5 schedule. A separate group of rats was trained to press a lever for sucrose. Once responding stabilized, rats were pretreated with bupropion (0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg IP) 5 …

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Neuropharmacology Of The Interoceptive Stimulus Properties Of Nicotine, Thomas E. Wooters, Rick A. Bevins, Michael T. Bardo Jan 2009

Neuropharmacology Of The Interoceptive Stimulus Properties Of Nicotine, Thomas E. Wooters, Rick A. Bevins, Michael T. Bardo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Preclinical drug discrimination techniques play a significant role in advancing our knowledge of the receptor mechanisms underlying the interoceptive effects of nicotine. Early reports confirmed that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are critical for transduction of the nicotine cue. In recent years, advances in molecular biology and the discovery of novel ligands with greater selectively for specific nAChR subtypes have furthered our understanding of these mechanisms. There is now evidence regarding the specific nAChR subtypes involved in nicotine discrimination; in addition, there is also evidence suggesting that other systems (i.e., adenosine, cannabinoid, dopamine, glutamate and serotonin) may play a modulatory role. …

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Meeting John Glover, Kenneth A. Kiewra Jan 2009

Meeting John Glover, Kenneth A. Kiewra

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Context-Based Assessment And Intervention For Problem Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sanja I. Cale, Edward G. Carr, Audrey Blakeley-Smith, Jamie S. Owen-Deschryver Jan 2009

Context-Based Assessment And Intervention For Problem Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sanja I. Cale, Edward G. Carr, Audrey Blakeley-Smith, Jamie S. Owen-Deschryver

Peer Reviewed Articles

The present study used a context-based model of assessment and intervention to explore whether interventions that modify context result in reduction of problem behavior in ecologically valid settings (i.e., typical routines implemented by typical education personnel in neighborhood schools). The Contextual Assessment Inventory (CAI) and a post-assessment interview were administered to parents and teachers of eight children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to identify problem contexts. Then, environmental modification techniques were implemented in three priority contexts: namely, transitions, termination of preferred activities, and presence of a feared stimulus. Our results demonstrated an almost complete elimination of problem behavior in the priority …

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Learning Our Lessons: A Proactive Approach To Bibliotherapy And Its Application To Children, Marleah Augustine Jan 2009

Learning Our Lessons: A Proactive Approach To Bibliotherapy And Its Application To Children, Marleah Augustine

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The current study examined whether children can learn behaviors from fictional characters in books. Additionally, the researcher explored whether discussion of the topic at hand would improve the learning of those behaviors or if it would have no effect and reading alone can elicit change. Children in kindergarten and first-grade (n = 85) took both a pre-test and post-test about two separate topics, bullying and trying new things. They were assigned to four different groups: book only, discussion only, both book and discussion, and unrelated book. No significant differences were found between groups regarding the "trying new things" topic, whereas …

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Exploration Of Specific Learning Disability Subtypes Differentiated Across Cognitive, Achievement, And Emotional/Behavioral Variables, Lisa A. Hain Jan 2009

Exploration Of Specific Learning Disability Subtypes Differentiated Across Cognitive, Achievement, And Emotional/Behavioral Variables, Lisa A. Hain

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The emphasis on the ability-achievement discrepancy approach for SLD identification diminished the importance of robust examination into patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses as related to achievement deficits. This approach directed attention away from related psychosocial deficits previously reported in this population by concentrating on the quantitative differences between standard scores. The cognitive and academic deficits of children with SLD have been well studied, but little is known about the emotionaVbehavioral functioning of children with SLD, and even less about the interconnections between the neurocognitive and emotional/behavioral systems. Children with disparate types of neurocognitive assets and deficits may experience learning …

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Perceived Parental Characteristics And Neighborhood Support: How Do They Relate To Adolescents' Externalizing Behavior Problem, Rachel White Jan 2009

Perceived Parental Characteristics And Neighborhood Support: How Do They Relate To Adolescents' Externalizing Behavior Problem, Rachel White

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Externalizing behavior problems are related to many problematic outcomes for children and adolescents in their home, school, and community settings. Given the ramifications of difficulties related to externalizing behavior problems, the present study examines the relationships among adolescents' externalizing behavior problems, characteristics of adolescents' families, and their perceived neighborhood support in a sample of adolescents who are in the Sixth through Eighth Grades. As part of this study, adolescents were assessed one time in their school setting with a set of brief questionnaires. In particular, adolescents completed measures assessing their levels of externalizing behavior problems, characteristics of their families, their …

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Insensitivity To Pain In Schizophrenia: An Examination Of Sensory And Affective Pain Processing In An Animal Model, Jessica Boyette Davis Jan 2009

Insensitivity To Pain In Schizophrenia: An Examination Of Sensory And Affective Pain Processing In An Animal Model, Jessica Boyette Davis

Psychology Dissertations - Archive

Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to display decreased sensitivity to pain, which can severely compound the impact of injuries and illnesses. Currently, the reasons for pain insensitivity in this population are unclear. Alterations in both the sensory and affective systems of pain processing have been observed, but the unique contribution of each of these systems has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate these two components of pain in an animal model of schizophrenia. Animals first underwent L5 spinal nerve ligation surgery in order to provoke a condition of ongoing pain responding. Following recovery …

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The Effect Of Pag Stimulation Evoked Dorsal Root Reflexes In Neurogenic Inflammation, Pushpani Menaka Herath Jan 2009

The Effect Of Pag Stimulation Evoked Dorsal Root Reflexes In Neurogenic Inflammation, Pushpani Menaka Herath

Psychology Theses - Archive

Neurogenic inflammation is defined as inflammation produced by the sensory nerves. It contributes to the cardinal signs of inflammation: rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), color (heat), and dolor (pain or itch). It suggested that neurogenic inflammation is due to dorsal root reflex (DRR) and axonal reflex, which are antidromic electrical impulses of primary afferents. However, the central regulatory mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation are still unclear. It is known that electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) can induce release of GABA in the spinal cord. GABA can act on GABAA receptors on the central terminals of the primary afferents to generate …

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Does Alcoholics Anonymous Participation Decrease Learned Helplessness And Increase Self-Efficacy? , Philip John Pellegrino Jan 2009

Does Alcoholics Anonymous Participation Decrease Learned Helplessness And Increase Self-Efficacy? , Philip John Pellegrino

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has long been the major treatment of choice in the United States for individuals with alcohol related problems. Research on AA has had methodological problems and there is no clear evidence that AA in and of itself is effective in treating alcohol problems. Treatment studies on alcohol and substance users have found that abstinence self-efficacy and approach coping skills have been related to improved drinking outcomes. Also, depression and alcohol problems have been shown to be highly correlated with each other. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between participation in AA and improvements in abstinence self-efficacy, learned …

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Processes Of Disposition Development In K--5 Teachers, Deborah A. Obara Jan 2009

Processes Of Disposition Development In K--5 Teachers, Deborah A. Obara

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Educators concur that teacher competency requires more than teaching knowledge and skills; competency requires appropriate professional dispositions. The development of professional dispositions is an expected outcome of teacher education programs. Since 2002, program accreditation has been contingent on documentation that prospective teachers have met national standards for dispositions. The body of educational research on disposition assessment has been growing. Research on disposition learning and development, however, has been impeded by the prevailing conceptualization of dispositions as fixed traits resistant to change. The present study conceptualized dispositions as malleable constructs within a theoretical framework that synthesized a cognitive model of thinking …

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Visions And Values: Ethical Reflections In A Jamesian Key, David E. Leary Jan 2009

Visions And Values: Ethical Reflections In A Jamesian Key, David E. Leary

Psychology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to provide a quick survey of William James's views on the plurality of visions that humans have regarding reality, as a background for more extensive discussions of his views on the plurality of values that orient human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as his views on the enactment of those values through active resistance to the ways things are and the risk-taking involved in striving to improve the human condition. Consonant with pluralism itself, I intend this discussion to open up rather than close off further considerations of James's views on ethics.

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The Effect Of Stimulus Choice On A Discrimination Task: Pictures Vs. Objects, Kristen Abbondante Jan 2009

The Effect Of Stimulus Choice On A Discrimination Task: Pictures Vs. Objects, Kristen Abbondante

LSU Master's Theses

The effect of the type of stimuli, pictures vs. objects, on discrimination behavior, specifically noun discrimination, was examined with a single-subject multi-element design. A multiple probe across behaviors was used for two participants. The type of stimulus, picture or object, was the alternating treatment. Two autistic children were trained in six noun discrimination tasks utilizing a discrete trial training model counterbalancing the type of stimuli across participants. Generalization of object to pictures and pictures to objects was also examined. Results showed that type of stimuli, picture or object, did not affect treatment. Generalization data was idiosyncratic.

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Effects Of Ancient And Modern, Avoidant And Approach Stimuli On Visual Search Task Reaction Times, Sanja Bojic Jan 2009

Effects Of Ancient And Modern, Avoidant And Approach Stimuli On Visual Search Task Reaction Times, Sanja Bojic

Theses : Honours

The threat superiority effect refers to faster and more accurate detection of fearful stimuli. This has been explained as evidence for evolution, as ancient fearful stimuli are detected more quickly than modern fearful stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate which of two alternate evolutionary explanations best explains the findings. Whereas Ohman and Mineka (2001) dealt only with avoidant responses, Lang suggested that stimuli may evoke either an avoidant (fearful) or approach response, associated with negative or positive valence, respectively. The experiment employed a same-different task where Age (ancient, modern), and Valence (approach, avoidant, neutral) were manipulated and …

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Apolipoprotein Status And Cognitive Functioning In Adulthood: Role Of Physical Health And Social Network Characteristics, Jennifer Lee Silva Jan 2009

Apolipoprotein Status And Cognitive Functioning In Adulthood: Role Of Physical Health And Social Network Characteristics, Jennifer Lee Silva

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined the relationships among cognitive function, physical health, social network characteristics, and apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype in participants from the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study. Prior literature has shown that the ε4 allele of APOE is associated with cognitive deficits (Wisdom, Callahan, & Hawkins, 2009). This study failed to find any relation between APOE genotype (ε4 carrier vs. non-carrier) and cognitive ability after controlling for age and education level. Tests for physical health mediation and social network moderation did not alter the ε4/cognition null results. This finding conflicts with prior research suggesting that physical activity and health modify the association …

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Gender Differences In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Comorbid Psychopathology, Julie Hess Jan 2009

Gender Differences In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Comorbid Psychopathology, Julie Hess

LSU Master's Theses

Abstract Children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) frequently exhibit symptoms that are not associated with the core features of ASD. These symptoms may meet criteria for an additional diagnosis; however, accurate assessment of comorbid psychiatric conditions in ASD has been hindered by a lack of measures designed for this specific purpose. The newly constructed assessment measure, Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC) has been developed specifically for examining comorbid psychiatric disorders in ASD. Therefore, this study set out to assess differences in the endorsement rates of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD compared to …

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Analysis Of Progessive Lag Reinforcement Schedules And Environmental Cues On Verbal Response Variability, Brian Esteve Jan 2009

Analysis Of Progessive Lag Reinforcement Schedules And Environmental Cues On Verbal Response Variability, Brian Esteve

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examined the effectiveness of progressive lag reinforcement schedules to increase novel and appropriate verbal responses to academic skills for three children with language delays. The effect of visual cues on verbal responses was evaluated in conjunction with progressive lag reinforcement schedules using a multiple baseline with an embedded alternating treatments design. Basic research utilizing lag reinforcement schedules have shown to increase variable behavior in both animal and human participants; however, little research has been conducted to evaluate lag reinforcement schedules in applied settings. The results of this study preliminarily indicate that progressive lag reinforcement schedules are an effective …

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Comorbid Psychopathology In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Intellectual Disabilities, Santino Vincent Lovullo Jan 2009

Comorbid Psychopathology In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Intellectual Disabilities, Santino Vincent Lovullo

LSU Master's Theses

While there has been an abundance of research investigating Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children, very little emphasis has been placed on ASD in adults, especially in regards to comorbid psychopathology. This is of great concern considering that ASD often co-occurs with intellectual disability (ID), and that both may serve as risk factors for additional psychopathology. While instruments exist that measure comorbid psychopathology in adults with ID, these scales are not targeted to the unique expression of comorbidity in adults with ID and ASD. The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbidity for Adults (ASD-CA) was devised for this reason. This paper begins with …

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