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Behavioral Patterns Of Mustelus Canis (Smooth Dogfish Shark) In A Captive Population, Megan Christine Vaupel Apr 2010

Behavioral Patterns Of Mustelus Canis (Smooth Dogfish Shark) In A Captive Population, Megan Christine Vaupel

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Mustelus canis, or the smooth dogfish shark, is the second most common species of shark inhabiting the coastal waters of the Western Atlantic. However little is known about the behavior of this species in the wild and in captivity. In an attempt to establish some data on the behaviors of these animals, I observed a captive population of dogfish at the Indianapolis zoo. I quantified the activity level and distribution of the dogfish in various areas of the exhibit, as well as the frequency and durations of stationary ("resting'') behavior. I analyzed these results in the context of several factors, …

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To Think Nuclear, To Go Nuclear, Ibpp Editor Apr 2010

To Think Nuclear, To Go Nuclear, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The article discusses three of the many psychological problematics about nuclear weapons, weapons employment, and war underlying the language of policies, programs, plans, treaties, and one’s support or rejection of them.

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If These Men Could Still Talk, Rebecca Damphousse Apr 2010

If These Men Could Still Talk, Rebecca Damphousse

Academic Symposium of Undergraduate Scholarship

For this assignment, two theorists in psychology were selected to engage in conversation. Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget were chosen and their theories of human development were researched. Erikson was asked how his experiences as a child impacted the formation of his theories. The question for Piaget was directed at the permanence, relevancy and universality of his theory into the 21st century. While a large amount of research was conducted, the questions and answers were pure conjecture.

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Living On Autopilot: How Your Brain Thinks For You, Andrea Stathopoulos '10 Apr 2010

Living On Autopilot: How Your Brain Thinks For You, Andrea Stathopoulos '10

Honor Scholar Theses

One way in which humans are set apart from other animals is by our impressive intellectual capacities. Humans are commonly considered to be true masters of rational, conscious control over our actions. However, that feeling of control may be mostly illusory. Accumulating evidence suggests that unconscious cognitive processes can account for much of human behavior. Homeostasis is a clear example of the evolutionary benefit of automation, allowing valuable energy and limited attention to be diverted elsewhere. I instead want to focus on the automaticity of more complicated behaviors, ones that are typically thought to require a large amount of cognitive …

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Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf Apr 2010

Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Executive functions refer to brain processes needed for planning, flexibility, abstract thinking, and other everyday organizational tasks. There remains inconsistency in executive function (EF) studies in autism. A recent review of previous studies (Corbett et al., 2009) reports overall significant deficiencies in EF for autism groups, but it is uncertain how much of this may be due to the presence of ADHD symptoms in 30-50% of children diagnosed with autism (Yerys et al 2009). It has been shown that children with high-functioning autism perform the Wisconsin Card Sort, a test of set-shifting and perseveration, better when it is administered via …

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Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Temperament is thought to be the foundation for personality and subsequent behaviors later in life. To assess early temperamental variables that place individuals at risk for aggression later in life, this laboratory-based study examined infant behavior in group housed infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The subjects were 52 mother-reared subjects. Behavior was assessed from the first through the eighth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week over 8 months and the average rate of each of the 25 behaviors measured was the dependent measure. A test of the same subjects 2-4 …

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The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South Apr 2010

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

To our knowledge, the Preschool Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) is the only existing measure developed specifically to track treatment progress over time in preschool-aged children. We examined the factor structure of the POQ using an exploratory factor analysis and conclude that the POQ is an essential first step toward effective measurement of treatment outcome in young children. However, we suggest a revision of POQ items in order to provide greater cohesion and reliability without sacrificing the effective elements of the measure.

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Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson Apr 2010

Trpv1 Modulation Of Plasticity In The Hippocampus, Curtis Walther, M. Mors, J. Blickenstaff, B. Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Learning and memory are phenomena made possible via physical changes at neuronal synapses in the brain, a process known as synaptic plasticity. Dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity contribute to such diseases and disorders as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and retrograde amnesia (Brunetal., 2001). Recently, TRPV1 activation was shown to mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (Gibsonetal., 2008). TRPV1 is a presynaptic ligand-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel located throughout the CNS, including in the hippocampus. TRPV1 channels are activated by the binding of capsaicin, which is responsible for producing the “heat” of red peppers. Several studies implicate a role for TRPV1 in contextual …

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Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

While a wide number of studies have assessed temperament as a predictor of future personality or behavior, few studies have assessed its interindividual stability over the first few months of life in nonhuman primates. This laboratory study examined temperament in group-housed infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) assessing interindividual consistency from the second through fifth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Stability of temperament was measured by correlating (Pearson Product-Moment tests) individual differences in the frequency of 25 behaviors over months 2-5 of life in 88 mother-reared subjects. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week and the mean …

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Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber Apr 2010

Effects Of Relationship Status On Gpa, Emily Albright, Chanel Carlile, Janae Kirkendall, Allyson Webber

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Research on the effect of Relationship Status on GPA is very limited. Some studies find that individuals who date more frequently tend to have lower grades than those who don’t. Other studies have found that relationships can have a positive or a negative effect on GPA depending on other factors. However, most studies find that Relationship status doesn’t have an effect on GPA. We hypothesize that Single and Married individuals will have higher GPA’s than their dating counterparts. We further hypothesize that Single and Married people will also be more consistent in their academic achievement and that those who are …

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Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson Apr 2010

Predictors Of Performance Monitoring Abilities Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence Of Negative Affect, Cognitive Dysfunction, And Injury Severity, Joseph E. Fair, Michael J. Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate impairments in cognitive control and performance monitoring. Performance monitoring is a cognitive control process modulated by both cognitive and affective variables. Performance monitoring functions can be evaluated using the error-related negativity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the event-related potential (ERP).

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Group Ii Metabolic Glutamate Receptors In The Basal Amygdala Regulate Sleep And Fear-Induced Alterations In Sleep, Enheng Dong Apr 2010

Group Ii Metabolic Glutamate Receptors In The Basal Amygdala Regulate Sleep And Fear-Induced Alterations In Sleep, Enheng Dong

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and it has been recognized as playing an essential role in activating and maintaining arousal. Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu II) receptors are expressed in the amygdala, a brain structure important in the regulation of stress and anxiety as well as in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Our lab has found that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) is involved in the emotional modulation of sleep. The basal amygdala (BA), which has direct connections with the CNA, is involved in conditioned fear and fear extinction. However, the potential role …

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An Analysis Of Continuous Chest Compression Cpr For Ems Providers During Out Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Megan L. Gleason Apr 2010

An Analysis Of Continuous Chest Compression Cpr For Ems Providers During Out Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Megan L. Gleason

Honors Projects

A significant amount of research has been done in an attempt to improve the outcomes of patients found in cardiac arrest outside the hospital. The American Heart Association has long advocated Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), a procedure that encompasses cycles of chest compressions with advanced airway maintenance and defibrillation. Recent evidence has suggested that these current guidelines are ineffective due to prolonged “hands off” time. New research suggests utilizing a technique known as continuous chest compression CPR that delays advanced airway management and instead focuses on defibrillation and continuous chest compressions. Across the country, research has demonstrated that when …

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Motor Output Evoked By Subsaccadic Stimulation Of Primate Frontal Eye Fields., Brian D Corneil, James K Elsley, Benjamin Nagy, Sharon L Cushing Mar 2010

Motor Output Evoked By Subsaccadic Stimulation Of Primate Frontal Eye Fields., Brian D Corneil, James K Elsley, Benjamin Nagy, Sharon L Cushing

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

In addition to its role in shifting the line of sight, the oculomotor system is also involved in the covert orienting of visuospatial attention. Causal evidence supporting this premotor theory of attention, or oculomotor readiness hypothesis, comes from the effect of subsaccadic threshold stimulation of the oculomotor system on behavior and neural activity in the absence of evoked saccades, which parallels the effects of covert attention. Here, by recording neck-muscle activity from monkeys and systematically titrating the level of stimulation current delivered to the frontal eye fields (FEF), we show that such subsaccadic stimulation is not divorced from immediate motor …

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Implicit Affect And Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, John M. Ray Mar 2010

Implicit Affect And Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, John M. Ray

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Expectancy theory provides a useful framework within which to examine the link between cognitive representations of anticipated alcohol related outcomes and affective processes that ought to shape behavior at the level of implicit, or automatic, processing. The role of affect in alcohol expectancies is an important one as it reflects the approach-avoid contingency associated with reward learning presumed to underlie addictive processes. This study examined the relationship between affect and expectancy operation by using suboptimally presented alcohol related cues to prime affectively congruent evaluations of otherwise unrelated targets. Hypotheses predicted that drinkers who reported higher positive and arousing expectancies for …

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Seasonal Hippocampal Plasticity In Food-Storing Birds., David F Sherry, Jennifer S Hoshooley Mar 2010

Seasonal Hippocampal Plasticity In Food-Storing Birds., David F Sherry, Jennifer S Hoshooley

Psychology Publications

Both food-storing behaviour and the hippocampus change annually in food-storing birds. Food storing increases substantially in autumn and winter in chickadees and tits, jays and nutcrackers and nuthatches. The total size of the chickadee hippocampus increases in autumn and winter as does the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis. The hippocampus is necessary for accurate cache retrieval in food-storing birds and is much larger in food-storing birds than in non-storing passerines. It therefore seems probable that seasonal change in caching and seasonal change in the hippocampus are causally related. The peak in recruitment of new neurons into the hippocampus occurs before birds …

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Language Outcome After Left Anterior Temporal Lobectomy In Patients With Discordant Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Testing Results, Julie K. Janecek Mar 2010

Language Outcome After Left Anterior Temporal Lobectomy In Patients With Discordant Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Testing Results, Julie K. Janecek

Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology Research Exchange Conference

Language Outcome after Left Temporal Anterior Lobectomy in Patients with Discordant Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intracarotid Sodium Amobarbital Testing Results Rationale: Previous research has examined concordance rates between Wada and fMRI language lateralization indices (LIs) and has yielded variable results with limited post-surgical language outcome data. Therefore, additional evidence of the concurrent and predictive validity of fMRI LIs is needed. We will calculate Wada/fMRI LI concordance rates in the largest sample to date, investigate predictors of discordance and examine the ability of each procedure to predict language outcome in discordant cases. Methods: A consecutive series of 229 presurgical epilepsy …

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The Birds And The Bees: Sex And Personnel Security, Ibpp Editor Mar 2010

The Birds And The Bees: Sex And Personnel Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses gender identity and sexual activity as they relate to security personnel in the context of espionage.

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Are Impact Factors Comparable? Impact Factor Comparisons Across Areas Of Psychology, Jason J. Van Der Horst Mar 2010

Are Impact Factors Comparable? Impact Factor Comparisons Across Areas Of Psychology, Jason J. Van Der Horst

Theses and Dissertations

Journal impact factors play an increasing role in academics as a tool for evaluating faculty, research, and resource allocations. These evaluations may be effective in departments where the subject matter is reasonably unified. However, given the diversity found within the subject matter of psychology, the impact factors of journals may not be comparable across the various areas. This study compares the average impact factors across decile levels of journals from seven areas of psychology. It is found that impact factor scores are not comparable across the seven areas of psychology. This difference is more pronounced when looking at higher decile …

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Changes In Area Affect Figure–Ground Assignment In Pigeons, Leyre Castro, Olga F. Lazareva, Shaun P. Vecera, Edward A. Wasserman Mar 2010

Changes In Area Affect Figure–Ground Assignment In Pigeons, Leyre Castro, Olga F. Lazareva, Shaun P. Vecera, Edward A. Wasserman

Perception Collection

A critical cue for figure–ground assignment in humans is area: smaller regions are more likely to be perceived as figures than are larger regions. To see if pigeons are similarly sensitive to this cue, we trained birds to report whether a target appeared on a colored figure or on a differently colored background. The initial training figure was either smaller than (Experiments 1 and 2) or the same area as (Experiment 2) the background. After training, we increased or decreased the size of the figure. When the original training shape was smaller than the background, pigeons’ performance improved with smaller …

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A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur Mar 2010

A Survey Of The Management And Development Of Captive African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana) Calves: Birth To Three Months Of Age, Nicole L. Kowalski, Robert H.I. Dale, Christa L. H. Mazur

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

We used four surveys to collect information about the birth, physical growth, and behavioral development of 12 African elephant calves born in captivity. The management of the birth process and neonatal care involved a variety of standard procedures. All of the calves were born at night, between 7PM and 7AM. The calves showed a systematic progression in behavioral and physical development, attaining developmental milestones at least a quickly as calves in situ. This study emphasized birth-related events, changes in the ways that calves used their trunks, first instances of behaviors, and interactions of the calves with other, usually adult, elephants. …

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Conceptions Regarding Children’S Health: An Examination Of Ethnotheories In A Sending And Receiving Community, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Jennifer Deleon, Gloria Gonzalez-Kruger, Rodrigo Cantarero Mar 2010

Conceptions Regarding Children’S Health: An Examination Of Ethnotheories In A Sending And Receiving Community, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Jennifer Deleon, Gloria Gonzalez-Kruger, Rodrigo Cantarero

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components …

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The Cognitive Processes Of Japanese As A Foreign Language Learners In Understanding Videos., Yoshida Masahiro Mar 2010

The Cognitive Processes Of Japanese As A Foreign Language Learners In Understanding Videos., Yoshida Masahiro

Student Works (2010-2019)

The aim of this study is to explore the differences between the thinking processes of proficient learners and less proficient learners of Japanese language while watching Japanese videos.  This study examines facilitating and distracting factors which impact the learners’ understanding of the video content. Data of think aloud protocols, verbal summaries and semi-structured interviews were collected from four proficient learners and four less proficient learners while watching two kinds of videos; i.e., a Japanese animation “Doraemon” and a Japanese drama “Nodame Cantabile”. Analyses of listening strategies revealed that both proficient and less proficient learners used a lot of visual elements …

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Multicultural Experience, Idea Receptiveness, And Creativity, Angela K. Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu Mar 2010

Multicultural Experience, Idea Receptiveness, And Creativity, Angela K. Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Inspired by recent advances in creative cognition research, the authors examined in the current research some creative benefits of multicultural experiences. Study 1 showed that European American undergraduates had better creative performance immediately after being exposed to American and Chinese cultures or to a hybrid culture formed by fusing American and Chinese cultures; this effect was also observed 5 to 7 days after the initial exposure. Studies 2 and 3 showed that exposure to multicultural experiences is positively related to the likelihood of engaging in some creativity-supporting processes—generation of unconventional ideas (Study 2) and receptiveness to ideas originated from foreign …

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The Costs And Benefits Of The Dark Triad: Implications For Mate Poaching And Mate Retention Tactics, Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li, David M. Buss Mar 2010

The Costs And Benefits Of The Dark Triad: Implications For Mate Poaching And Mate Retention Tactics, Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li, David M. Buss

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Dark Triad – narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy – have traditionally been considered to be undesirable traits. However, emerging work suggest that not only may there be a positive side to possessing these traits but they may also serve important adaptive functions, even if the strategies associated with them are viewed as socially undesirable. In an online survey (N = 336), we investigated the costs and benefits of the Dark Triad within the domain of mating psychology. The social style and lower order personality traits of the Dark Triad traits facilitated increased mateships in the form of poaching mates from …

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40th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council, Western Kentucky University Feb 2010

40th Annual Wku Student Research Conference, Student Research Council, Western Kentucky University

Student Research Conference Select Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Impaired Geometric Reorientation Caused By Genetic Defect, Laura Lakusta, Banchiamlack Dessalegn, Barbara Landau Feb 2010

Impaired Geometric Reorientation Caused By Genetic Defect, Laura Lakusta, Banchiamlack Dessalegn, Barbara Landau

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The capacity to reorient in one's environment is a fundamental part of the spatial cognitive systems of both humans and nonhuman species. Abundant literature has shown that human adults and toddlers, rats, chicks, and fish accomplish reorientation through the construction and use of geometric representations of surrounding layouts, including the lengths of surfaces and their intersection. Does the development of this reorientation system rely on specific genes and their action in brain development? We tested reorientation in individuals who have Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder that results in abnormalities of hippocampal and parietal areas of the brain known to …

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Initial Findings On Visual Acuity Thresholds In An African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana), Melissa R. Shyan-Norwalt, Jeff Peterson, Barbara Milankow King, Timothy E. Staggs, Robert H.I. Dale Feb 2010

Initial Findings On Visual Acuity Thresholds In An African Elephant (Loxodonta Africana), Melissa R. Shyan-Norwalt, Jeff Peterson, Barbara Milankow King, Timothy E. Staggs, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

There are only a few published examinations of elephant visual acuity. All involved Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and found visual acuity to be between 8′ and 11′ of arc for a stimulus near the tip of the trunk, equivalent to a 0.50 cm gap, at a distance of about 2 m from the eyes. We predicted that African elephants (Loxodonta africana) would have similarly high visual acuity, necessary to facilitate eye-trunk coordination for feeding, drinking and social interactions. When tested on a discrimination task using Landolt-C stimuli, one African elephant cow demonstrated a visual acuity of …

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Running Enhances Spatial Pattern Separation In Mice., David J Creer, Carola Romberg, Lisa M Saksida, Henriette Van Praag, Timothy J Bussey Feb 2010

Running Enhances Spatial Pattern Separation In Mice., David J Creer, Carola Romberg, Lisa M Saksida, Henriette Van Praag, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Increasing evidence suggests that regular exercise improves brain health and promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis. Exercise improves learning, but specific mechanisms of information processing influenced by physical activity are unknown. Here, we report that voluntary running enhanced the ability of adult (3 months old) male C57BL/6 mice to discriminate between the locations of two adjacent identical stimuli. Improved spatial pattern separation in adult runners was tightly correlated with increased neurogenesis. In contrast, very aged (22 months old) mice had impaired spatial discrimination and low basal cell genesis that was refractory to running. These findings suggest that the addition of …

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Use Of Family Care Indicators And Their Relationship With Child Development In Bangladesh, Jena D. Hamadani, Fahmida Tofail, Afroza Hilaly, Syed N. Huda, Patrice L. Engle, Sally M. Grantham-Mcgregor Feb 2010

Use Of Family Care Indicators And Their Relationship With Child Development In Bangladesh, Jena D. Hamadani, Fahmida Tofail, Afroza Hilaly, Syed N. Huda, Patrice L. Engle, Sally M. Grantham-Mcgregor

Psychology and Child Development

Poor stimulation in the home is one of the main factors affecting the development of children living in poverty. The family care indicators (FCIs) were developed to measure home stimulation in large populations and were derived from the Home Observations for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). The FCIs were piloted with 801 rural Bangladeshi mothers of children aged 18 months. Five subscales were created: ‘play activities’ (PA), ‘varieties of play materials’ (VP), ‘sources of play materials’, ‘household books’, and ‘magazines and newspapers’ (MN). All subscales had acceptable short-term reliability. Mental and motor development of the children was assessed on the …

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