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The Effect Of (2r,6r)-Hydroxynorketamine (Hnk) On 𝛼-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid (Ampa) Expression And Novel Object Placement Performance In Long Evans Rats, Anosha Khawaja May 2020

The Effect Of (2r,6r)-Hydroxynorketamine (Hnk) On 𝛼-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid (Ampa) Expression And Novel Object Placement Performance In Long Evans Rats, Anosha Khawaja

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by emotional distress and cognitive dysfunction that lasts for at least two weeks and significantly impairs one’s ability to function at home and at work. Cognitive deficits in domains such as processing speed, memory retention, and executive function can persist beyond the remission of emotional symptoms, which is why it is imperative to develop antidepressants that address cognitive dysfunction. Healthy cognitive function relies on synaptic plasticity, which strengthens communication between cells and is measured in terms of long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is triggered when activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors leads to an influx …

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The Effects Of Group Ii Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonism On Delayed Non-Match To Odor Performance In Male Long-Evans Rats, Andrew Wolfarth May 2020

The Effects Of Group Ii Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonism On Delayed Non-Match To Odor Performance In Male Long-Evans Rats, Andrew Wolfarth

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the role of glutamate, the brain’s major excitatory neurotransmitter, in MDD. There is ample evidence that glutamate dysfunction is present in patients with varying degrees of depression. With this mechanistic shift behind MDD has come a better understanding of the importance of cognitive dysfunction in depressed patients. The general view of MDD was that it was a mood disorder, however recent evidence suggests that cognitive functioning is also critical to relief of depressive symptomology. Attempts have been made to modulate excitatory neural networks using a class of glutamate receptors known …

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Amygdala And Neocortical Structural Volume Analysis In The Shank3b Mutant Mouse Model Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Preet Sawhney May 2020

Amygdala And Neocortical Structural Volume Analysis In The Shank3b Mutant Mouse Model Of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Preet Sawhney

Honors Scholar Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal social behavior, deficits in communication, and motor stereotypy. The SHANK3 gene, responsible for the generation of a scaffolding protein that is integral for the development of synapses, has been identified as one of the primary candidate genes implicated in the disorder. Shank3B is the rodent homolog for this gene. Research has shown that when this gene is disrupted in rodent models (e.g., via knock-out (KO)), ASD-like behaviors result. These include deficits in social interaction, increased anxiety, and repetitive self-grooming. The current study aimed to identify a physiological …

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A Temporal Information-Theoretic Model Of Suboptimal Choice, Paul J. Cunningham May 2020

A Temporal Information-Theoretic Model Of Suboptimal Choice, Paul J. Cunningham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Humans and animals often make decisions not in their long-term best interest. In one example, called suboptimal choice, pigeons sacrifice food for food-predictive stimuli. The study of suboptimal choice can reveal insights into the role of reward-predictive stimuli in maladaptive decision-making that characterizes numerous behavioral disorders. However, there is currently little evidence that rats engage in suboptimal choice, thereby raising questions about the species-generality of suboptimal choice. According to the temporal information-theoretic model, developed in Chapter 2, suboptimal choice emerges when pigeons pay more attention to the bits of temporal information conveyed by food-predictive stimuli than the rate of food …

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5-Ht2a Receptors Modulate Dopamine D2-Mediated Maternal Effects, Jun Gao May 2020

5-Ht2a Receptors Modulate Dopamine D2-Mediated Maternal Effects, Jun Gao

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are expressed throughout the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine pathways, and manipulation of this receptor system has a profound impact on dopamine functions and dopamine-mediated behaviors. It is highly likely that 5-HT2A receptors may also modulate the D2-mediated maternal effects. The present study investigated this issue and also explored the possible behavioral mechanisms. We tested the effects of two D2 drugs (an agonist quinpirole: 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg, and a potent D2 antagonist haloperidol: 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg, sc) and their combinations with two 5-HT2A drugs (a selective 5-HT2A agonist TCB-2: 2.5 mg/kg, and 5-HT2A antagonist MDL100907, 1.0 mg/kg, sc) …

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Assessing The Role Personality Plays In Puppy Raisers And Guide Dogs In Training, Cassidy D. Wood May 2020

Assessing The Role Personality Plays In Puppy Raisers And Guide Dogs In Training, Cassidy D. Wood

Honors Theses

Several factors affect how guide dogs in training fare during the period before the dogs are paired with their future handler. One factor that has not been researched in the past is personality compatibility between the puppy raiser and the dog in training. For the needs of the visually impaired community to be met, guide dog schools need to efficiently train and match dogs to handlers without the dogs failing. To help reduce the number of dogs that fail guide dog training, this study suggests the assessment and comparison of personality for the dog and potential puppy raisers to better …

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The Effects Of Auditory And Olfactory Cues On Visual Attention Toward Food Images Under Acute Stress, Reza Moltaji May 2020

The Effects Of Auditory And Olfactory Cues On Visual Attention Toward Food Images Under Acute Stress, Reza Moltaji

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Psychological stress has been shown to increase preference for high calorie foods containing high levels of sugar and fat. Since excessive intake of high calorie foods may increase potential risk of obesity and other relevant health issues, relieving psychological stress may help in maintaining a balanced diet and good health status. Although a variety of strategies for relieving psychological stress has been suggested, little attention has been paid to regarding whether such strategies can result in balanced diets. Since music therapy and aromatherapy have proven popular approaches to relieving psychological stress, this thesis aimed at determining whether listening to music …

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Depressive Symptoms And Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: Biomarkers And Potential Benefits Of An Ipod- And Mindfulness-Based Intervention., Chelsea J. Siwik May 2020

Depressive Symptoms And Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: Biomarkers And Potential Benefits Of An Ipod- And Mindfulness-Based Intervention., Chelsea J. Siwik

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer patients experience high levels of distress, which commonly manifests as depressive symptoms. Importantly, depressive symptoms have demonstrated prognostic significance in cancer contexts, although the biological pathways by which depressive symptoms lead to poorer survival remain unclear and warrant greater attention. In addition to understanding the biological pathways by which depressive symptoms accelerate disease, identification of efficacious and effective psychological treatments for depressive symptoms are needed to improve both quality and quantity of life for cancer patients. Interventions that reduce depressive symptoms and improve downstream clinical outcomes are certainty needed; however, because many cancer patients face considerable burden, interventions …

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Assessing Conduct Disturbance And Fly Ash Exposure In Children., Jillian G. Winn May 2020

Assessing Conduct Disturbance And Fly Ash Exposure In Children., Jillian G. Winn

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Minimal research has been conducted on fly ash (a byproduct of coal combustion) and health outcomes among exposed communities, and even less has looked at its effect on children’s behavior. This study specifically looks at fly ash exposure and conduct disturbance, using logistic regression to characterize their relationship. Conduct disturbance was gauged by t-scores of 55 or higher on the dimensions of aggression and delinquency of the Child Behavior Checklist. Fly ash exposure was determined by air and surface sampling of the children’s homes. While the odds ratios suggested fly ash exposure increases the likelihood of conduct disturbance, the results …

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Economic Evaluation Of Implementing Hpv Vaccine Promotion Interventions For Cervical Cancer In The United States, Chi-Fang Wu May 2020

Economic Evaluation Of Implementing Hpv Vaccine Promotion Interventions For Cervical Cancer In The United States, Chi-Fang Wu

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The HPV vaccine has been proven as a safe and effective method for preventing cervical cancer. However, the HPV vaccine coverage rate in the U.S. is suboptimal. Various interventions have been implemented to improve HPV vaccine coverage. However, evidence of the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccine promotion interventions is lacking. We conducted an economic evaluation to assess HPV vaccine promotion interventions of cervical cancer in the U.S. Firstly, a systematic review was conducted to review evidence on interventions aimed at increasing HPV vaccine coverage and to summarize the cost and effectiveness of these interventions. We included 56 HPV vaccine promotion studies …

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Comparison Of Interactive Electronic Versus Standard Document Method For Obtaining Patient Informed Consent, Jermaine Mcmillan May 2020

Comparison Of Interactive Electronic Versus Standard Document Method For Obtaining Patient Informed Consent, Jermaine Mcmillan

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether participants who received an interactive electronic consent (EC) had a better understanding of a medical procedure (apheresis) compared to those who received the standard document (SD) consent. The study was conducted with apheresis donors whose responses were used to determine if the EC facilitated better comprehension and retention of consent information by the study participants than by SD consenting methods. By comprehension, the goal was to have participants who can understand, summarize, or make judgments based on the content presented in the informed consent. By retention, the goal was to …

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The Intersection Of Diet, Health And The Environment: Plant Based Diets And Public Health, Christine E. Jovanovic May 2020

The Intersection Of Diet, Health And The Environment: Plant Based Diets And Public Health, Christine E. Jovanovic

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Both globally and within the United States, chronic disease has become a major driver of mortality and morbidity. In the United States in 2017, the top ten causes of mortality accounted for 74% of all deaths [2]; of these causes, half are closely linked to diet (heart disease, cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s and diabetes). [3] In 2013, Ioannidis estimated that 26% of deaths and 14% of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in the United States may be attributable to dietary risk factors, controlling for obesity. [4] At the same time, diet also has an important impact on the environment. Direct emissions …

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Personalized Estimation And Causal Inference Via Deep Learning Algorithms, Yuanyuan Liu May 2020

Personalized Estimation And Causal Inference Via Deep Learning Algorithms, Yuanyuan Liu

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Personalized approaches have shown great potential to transform modern medicine. As challenging as it may sound, we are making tremendous progress with the help of data sciences and machine learning. Two fundamental tasks in data sciences are prediction and inference. In this dissertation, I proposed to address these two tasks using deep learning approaches in the setting of personalized medicine. First, I developed a novel framework to estimate individualized treatment effects (ITE), which quantified the variation in response to the same treatment among patients with heterogeneous profiles. The ITE estimation has the potential to replace the one-size-fits-all average treatment effects …

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The Role Of Dna Methylation In White Matter Hyperintensity Burden: An Integrative Approach, Yunju Yang May 2020

The Role Of Dna Methylation In White Matter Hyperintensity Burden: An Integrative Approach, Yunju Yang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI are an indicator of cerebral small vessel disease, a major risk factor for vascular dementia and stroke. DNA methylation may contribute to the molecular underpinnings of WMH, which are highly heritable. We performed a meta-analysis of 11 epigenome-wide association studies in 6,019 middle-aged to elderly subjects, who were free of dementia and stroke and were of African (AA) or European (EA) descent. In each study, association between WMH volume and each CpG was tested within ancestry using a linear mixed model, adjusted for age, sex, total intracranial volume, white blood cell count, technical …

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The Influence Of Sodium And Potassium On Blood Pressure Genetics In The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology Study, Cynthia S. Bell May 2020

The Influence Of Sodium And Potassium On Blood Pressure Genetics In The Population Architecture Using Genomics And Epidemiology Study, Cynthia S. Bell

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Multiple polymorphisms have shown associations with blood pressure (BP) levels and hypertension status, but the overall genetic effect on BP has been small and accounts for only a small fraction of the variation in population-wide BP characteristics. These weak associations of BP with genotype may not be attributable to the examining the “wrong” single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) but may instead be the result of noisy BP phenotypes based on mmHg alone. Adding information from the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intake, reuptake, and excretion on BP may produce more informative BP phenotypes to study. To explore this complex relationship between diet, …

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Estimating Children’S Health Risks From Recreational Beach Play Following An Oil Spill, Tanu K. Altomare May 2020

Estimating Children’S Health Risks From Recreational Beach Play Following An Oil Spill, Tanu K. Altomare

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Environmental contamination from marine oil spills can have damaging impacts on ecosystems and human health. In 2010, an explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil drilling platform resulted in approximately 1,728 km of shoreline oiling. Existing research characterizes health risk from exposure to oil spill chemicals (OSCs) for adults; however, data on impacts to child health are limited. One objective of the Beach Exposure And Child HEalth Study (BEACHES), funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, is to estimate health risks to children between walking and six years of age from exposure to OSCs in a post-oil spill scenario …

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Using S-Predixcan To Identify Associations Of Genetically Determined Gene Expression Levels With Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Andy Bryan A Castaneda May 2020

Using S-Predixcan To Identify Associations Of Genetically Determined Gene Expression Levels With Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Andy Bryan A Castaneda

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The aim of the study was to identify associations between predicted gene expression levels using S-PrediXcan and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in order to elucidate the etiology of atherosclerosis. Further, we wanted to compare our results to those from a transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) that used actual gene expression levels in whole blood. For our analysis we used summary statistics from a GWAS of cIMT from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, tissue-specific gene expression profiles from the GTEx project, and S-PrediXcan prediction models. The TWAS of cIMT that we compared our …

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Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Organizational Climate, Kailey Ann Meyer May 2020

Development And Validation Of Implicit Measures Of Organizational Climate, Kailey Ann Meyer

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Organizational climate is the shared perceptions that employees hold about their experiences in the workplace. The current research on organizational climate relies upon explicit (self-report) measures, which can be contaminated by impression management and inaccurate self-knowledge artifacts. This research used Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures to develop implicit measures of selected aspects of organizational climate. The study examined the relationships of the implicit organizational climate measures with theoretically related explicit measures according to a multitrait-multimethod design. A series of confirmatory factor analyses of latent trait models were used to assess convergent and discriminant validity evidence. While results provided some construct …

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A Needs Assessment For The Utilization Of Child Life Specialist Bereavement Support Services In An Emergency Veterinary Hospital Setting, Jared R. Negin-Fryers May 2020

A Needs Assessment For The Utilization Of Child Life Specialist Bereavement Support Services In An Emergency Veterinary Hospital Setting, Jared R. Negin-Fryers

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Studies indicate that there is an affective attachment bond, and related emotional involvement that exists between the companion animal and their human owners. Patient companion-animal death within the veterinary hospital, is a daily occurrence, with death rates per patient being significantly higher than in human health care. This comparatively higher death rate is due to the commonplace utilization of professionally sanctioned euthanasia to relieve animal pain and suffering. Companion animal death, may elicit grief reactions that are identical to what is experienced upon the death of a family member. A void currently exists in family centered veterinary care in terms …

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A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Response-Independent Autoshaping Trials In Rats, Jenna E. Gaskins May 2020

A Comparison Of Response-Contingent And Response-Independent Autoshaping Trials In Rats, Jenna E. Gaskins

Theses and Dissertations

Autoshaping is a procedure, combining both operant conditioning and classical conditioning, used in animal training to jump-start a target behavior. Lepper and Petursdottir (2017) found that response-contingent pairings (RCP) were more effective than responseindependent pairings (RIP) in producing vocalizations in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). RIP procedures entail a time-based intertrial interval (ITI) followed by the beginning of a trial, whereas RCP procedures include a response initiation period between the ITI and the trial. The current study compared RCP and RIP procedures to determine which one was more effective for acquisition of nose poking in rats. Number of days …

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Dark Tetrad Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Kayli Wrenn May 2020

Dark Tetrad Responses To Moral Dilemmas, Kayli Wrenn

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Dark Tetrad consists of four socially malevolent personality traits: psychopathy, sadism, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. The current study assessed the relationships among each dimension of the Dark Tetrad and moral decision making using sacrificial moral dilemma vignettes. Participants (n = 212 undergraduates) completed two measures of each of the four Dark Tetrad constructs then read a series of 16 sacrificial moral dilemma vignettes. These dilemmas manipulated whether the participant would personally perform the sacrifice and described either the disgusting or sad emotional consequences of the sacrifice. After each vignette, participants rated the moral rightness/wrongness, moral permissibility, and behavioral intention to …

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Evaluating Correlations Between The Peak Equivalence And Transformation Assessments With Intelligence Quotient Scores And The Relational Acquisition Of Skills In Children With Autism, Hannah L. Wallace May 2020

Evaluating Correlations Between The Peak Equivalence And Transformation Assessments With Intelligence Quotient Scores And The Relational Acquisition Of Skills In Children With Autism, Hannah L. Wallace

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate correlations between PEAK Equivalence and Transformation assessment scores to Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores in children with autism. An assessment called the Relational Acquisition of Skills in Children with autism (RASC) was created as a pilot test. This method was used to test relational responding in young children with autism. The scores of this assessment were correlated with scores obtained using PEAK Equivalence and Transformation assessments and IQ. It was found that PEAK Equivalence and Transformation assessments had a strong positive correlation with IQ. No significant relationship between the Relational Acquisition of …

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America’S Second-Class Children: An Examination Of President Trump’S Immigration Policies On Migrant Children And Inquiry On Justice Through The Catholic Perspective, Gabriel Sáenz May 2020

America’S Second-Class Children: An Examination Of President Trump’S Immigration Policies On Migrant Children And Inquiry On Justice Through The Catholic Perspective, Gabriel Sáenz

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Abstract forthcoming.

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The Role Of Dopamine In Decision Making Processes In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michelle C. Bowers May 2020

The Role Of Dopamine In Decision Making Processes In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michelle C. Bowers

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Understanding the neural processes that mediate decision making is a relatively new field of investigation in the scientific community. With the ultimate goal of understanding how humans decide between one path and another, simpler models such as Drosophila Melanogaster, the common fruit fly, are often utilized as a way of determining the neural circuits involved in these decision-making processes. One of the most important decisions flies make is the decision of where to lay their eggs (oviposit). Choosing the proper substrate upon which to lay eggs is a crucial decision that can ultimately impact their fecundity. This paper investigates the …

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Self-Care Domains, Benefits Of Self-Care In Graduate-Level Training Programs, And Ways To Incorporate Self-Care Education And Practices In Graduate-Level Training Programs, Krystel Segovia May 2020

Self-Care Domains, Benefits Of Self-Care In Graduate-Level Training Programs, And Ways To Incorporate Self-Care Education And Practices In Graduate-Level Training Programs, Krystel Segovia

Dissertations

A literature review was conducted to examine the concept of self-care as a proactive means to manage the stressors of life, enhance professional competency, and live a well-balanced lifestyle, particularly for graduate-level psychology students. Different levels of distress, including stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout, were researched and discussed. The various domains of self-care were discussed as were the benefits of engaging in regular self-care practices. Finally, various ways to incorporate self-care into already established graduate-level training programs at universities and practicum training sites were discussed to enhance the training experience as well as mitigate burnout in the novel clinician.

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The Value Of Supportive Touch And Maternal Attention In Measures Of Maternal Sensitivity, Jamila Douglas May 2020

The Value Of Supportive Touch And Maternal Attention In Measures Of Maternal Sensitivity, Jamila Douglas

Honors Scholar Theses

This project aimed to examine the mother-child dyad during the second year (toddlerhood) in regards to sensitive parenting, with valuable insight into the naturalistic setting of the home (as opposed to a laboratory). With a subset of participants from the National Institute of Health sponsored study, The Play and Learning Across a Year Project (The PLAY Project), I evaluated mother-child dyads and the contact between them, in regards to supportive vs. restrictive touch; as well as attention paid to the child by the mother. Hour-long videos taken in the home environment were analyzed with Datavyu coding software to catch instances …

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Depressive Symptoms As A Moderator Of Diurnal Trends In Reward Seeking, Erick Albert William Rogers May 2020

Depressive Symptoms As A Moderator Of Diurnal Trends In Reward Seeking, Erick Albert William Rogers

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Anhedonia, a cardinal symptom of a major depressive episode, is the decreased motivation to seek rewards. Individuals with depressive symptoms tend to report reduced positive affect, a distal measure of reward motivation, and engage in less reward-motivated behavior (i.e., reward seeking). However, diurnal rhythms may also influence reward-seeking. Both self-reported positive affect and behavioral measures of reward-seeking increase from the morning to the afternoon and then decreased in the evening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether reward-seeking varied across time of day and whether anhedonia moderated variation. Overall, reward-seeking did not vary across time of day. …

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The Effects Of The Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor Ce-158 On Extracellular Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Julia Neri May 2020

The Effects Of The Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor Ce-158 On Extracellular Dopamine In The Nucleus Accumbens, Julia Neri

Honors Scholar Theses

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by symptoms such as cognitive dysfunctions, inflammatory changes, and motivational symptoms such as amotivation, fatigue, and anergia. While depressed people are commonly treated by traditional antidepressants such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), previous studies have reported that SSRI medications do not treat fatigue and anergia symptoms well, and in some cases, can even worsen those symptoms. Subjects treated with dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors, on the other hand, have been less likely to report symptoms of anergia and fatigue compared to those treated with SSRIs. Common DA uptake inhibitors such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, however, …

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Working With Wildlife: The Effects Of Stressors And Resources On Burnout And Engagement For Animal Caretakers, Destiny Burns May 2020

Working With Wildlife: The Effects Of Stressors And Resources On Burnout And Engagement For Animal Caretakers, Destiny Burns

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The present study was designed to identify the impacts of stressors experienced by animal caretakers within zoos, aquariums, and shelters. To analyze these impacts, I administered a survey to individuals within this population which assessed interactions with environmental, social, and financial stressors for animal caretakers in relation to engagement and burnout. In total, 112 animal caretakers participated in the study. Results supported that physical stressors were most commonly encountered within the workforce, but coworker conflict was the only stressor to have consistent significant effects on burnout and engagement. Specifically, more coworker conflict was associated with more burnout and less engagement. …

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Social And Individual-Level Identities And College Male Alcohol Use Behaviors: Examining The Utility Of Protective Behavioral Strategies, Robert Bearden Whitley May 2020

Social And Individual-Level Identities And College Male Alcohol Use Behaviors: Examining The Utility Of Protective Behavioral Strategies, Robert Bearden Whitley

Dissertations

Recent literature has consistently identified conformity to traditional masculine norms as motivating hazardous drinking behaviors of college men. Given the high prevalence of hazardous drinking among college men and the particular negative consequences that emerge secondary to it, additional research is needed in this area to better identify possible intervention targets. The present study sought to better elucidate the proximity of male norm conformity to drinking behaviors through including a specific identity factor related to alcohol use: drinking identity. Secondary to this goal, this study also sought to examine how these factors of identity predicted the safe drinking behaviors of …

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