Digital Commons Network^™

Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel

Faculty Publications

Two important features of modern accounts of associative learning are (1) the capacity for contextual stimuli to serve as a signal for an unconditioned stimulus (US) and (2) the capacity for a previously conditioned (excitatory) stimulus to "block" learning about a redundant stimulus when both stimuli serve as a signal for the same US. Here, we examined the process of blocking, thought by some to reflect a cognitive aspect of classical conditioning, and its underlying mechanisms in the marine mollusc Hermissenda. In two behavioral experiments, a context defined by chemosensory stimuli was made excitatory by presenting unsignalled USs (rotation) in …

Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Three Different Investigative Interview Techniques With Young Children, Mary Chapman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Three programs for the testing of elementary school students' eyewitness testimonies were tested and compared. Three different types of investigative interviews were used. The first was the investigative interview currently in use by West Virginia Child Protective Services. The second was an interview procedure developed by Yuille et al. (1993) called the Step-Wise Interview. The third method was a modified version of the Step-Wise Interview, which included changes based upon recent literature. Students from developmental & experimental psychology classes were trained in one of the three techniques. First and second grade children first viewed a movie and were then interviewed …

Studying Elephants: Awf Technical Handbook Series #7, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Book review for the following title:

Studying Elephants: AWF Technical Handbook Series #7. Edited by Kadzo Kangwana, Nairobi, Kenya: African Wildlife Foundation, 1996, 186 pages. $15 S&H.

Symbolic Interaction And An Interpretive Approach To Cross Cultural Psychiatry, Henry Dyson

Modern Psychological Studies

Adoption of the medical model of psychopathology has de-emphasized the need for psychiatry to incorporate new developments from the other social sciences. The need for an interpretive (rather than merely biological) approach to psychopathology based upon theories of symbolic interaction is argued in the present article with respect to the emerging field of cross-cultural psychiatry. Groundwork for such an approach is sketched out by application of Obeyesekere's (1981) anthropological theory of personal symbols.

Metaphor And Monophony In The Twentieth-Century Psychology Of Emotions, Kenneth J. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

Attempts to define the emotions and elucidate their character have ornamented the intellectual landscape for over two thousand years. Two characteristics of this continuing colloquy are particularly noteworthy: first, the presumption of palpability and, second, the interminability of debate. In the former case, until the present century there has been little doubting the obdurate existence of the emotions. In the second book of the Rhetoric, Aristotle distinguished among 15 emotional states; Aquinas's Summa Theologiae enumerated 6 “affective” and 5 “spirited” emotions; Descartes distinguished among 6 primary passions of the soul; the eighteenth-century moralist, David Hartley, located 10 “general passions of …

Male Serial Killers And The Criminal Profiling Process: A Literature Review, Jennifer R. Phillips

Masters Theses

A review of the relevant psychological and sociological literature regarding serial killers is presented. Also described is the investigative process and the procedures involved in constructing accurate criminal profiles. This paper examines the definition, characteristics, and classifications of male serial killers. Additionally, the paper discusses various motivations for killing serially, the importance of fantasy, and emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes in the serial killer. The process of criminal profiling, which is a relatively new and innovative proactive and reactive investigative procedure, is also described as a tool used frequently in the investigative process of serial homicides. Also described is the …

The Use Of Literature As A Source Of Occupational Modeling For Children, Tracy L. Nemecek

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Memory Development And Aging, Jane M. Berry

Psychology Faculty Publications

And so, over a century ago, William James (1890) anticipated much of what has captured the attention of memory researchers in the ensuing years, particularly those working from the information processing perspective. I use this quote to open my Introduction to Psychological Science lecture on memory development across the lifespan because it alludes to different memory systems and stores, as well as individual and developmental differences in memory processing. In that lecture, questions of which memory processes and stores are most age sensitive are addressed, with the assumption that developmental changes in memory are not necessarily due to chronological age …

The Relationship Between Dissociation And Object-Relations Impairment In Adult Female Incest Survivor Clients With And Without Personality Splitting, Linda Jean Stuppy

Dissertations

Problem. Childhood incest appears to play a role in the formation of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) (formerly Multiple Personality Disorder). This study investigated whether a relationship exists between dissociation and object-relations impairment in incest survivors and whether DID incest survivors have higher levels of these characteristics than non-DID incest survivors.

Method. The Dissociative Experience Scale, Bell Object Relations Reality Testing Inventory and Childhood Maltreatment Interview Schedule-Short Form were completed by a sample of 60 adult female incest survivor clients. 29 who met the diagnosis for DID and 31 who did not.

The Results. All three hypotheses were supported …

A Comparison Study Of Emergency And Medical/Surgical Registered Nurses' Understanding Of Pain And Its Management, Jo A. Oborski

Masters Theses

This replication study was designed to compare emergency and medical/surgical registered nurses' actual and perceived knowledge of the pharmacological and nonpharmacological aspects of pain and its management. A modification of the original tool that consisted of a combination of multiple choice, short answer and open-ended questions was utilized. A convenience sample representing beginner and expert medical/surgical and emergency nurses was obtained.; No difference was found between specialty or experience and current pain knowledge. All participants functioned at a similar level. Participants were unable to describe basic terms related to current pain theory and therapy. The only significant difference identified between …

An Interventional Approach To Managing Psychological Stress In The American Workplace, Shirley A. White

Theses

This thesis will focus primarily on occupational stress management. The information contained therein advocates that the responsibility to relieve stress both in the workplace and in the home fall in either of two categories; one is the corporate or managerial responsibility to ameliorate occupational stress, while the other is the individual responsibility to self-manage stress. One's reaction to stress has a defining influence on whether a stressful event is either good ( eustress) or bad (distress).

The purpose of this study is to explore a task-oriented • multidisciplinary approach (a combination of perspectives) to occupational stress management which will serve …

Effects Of Loneliness, Years Of Service, And Spiritual Well-Being Upon Burn-Out Among Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod Clergy, David L. Prout

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Past research had concluded that a combination of individual and situational factors interact as causes for burn-out in ministers. This present study sought to measure three factors, loneliness, years of service, and spiritual well-being for their singular and combined impact upon burn-out among Christian pastors. Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod pastors, 276 in number, were surveyed to determine their level of burn-out, together with measure of the afore-mentioned variables. It was expected that fewer years of service, lower spiritual well-being, and higher loneliness would effect increased levels of measured burn-out in the pastors surveyed. A three-way analysis of variance indicated that burn-out …

A Gene Correlate Of Geotaxis Near Adh (2-50.1) In Drosophila Melanogaster, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Jerry Hirsch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

As part of a long-term study (38+ years) to identify genetic correlates of geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster, the investigators report the results of allozyme-level analyses of 2 lines derived from hybridizing high- and low-selected lines that have evolved stable, extreme expressions of geotaxis. Allelic variation at Adh was associated with geotactic performance in 1 hybrid-derived line, but not in another, after 66 free-mating generations beyond the F₂ generation. A second-chromosome gene correlate of geotaxis may lie within 1 map unit of Adh. Population genetic analyses suggest that there were different selection pressures on the hybrid-derived lines and …

Developmental Aspects : Metacognition And Problem Solving, Roseanne Gibson

Theses : Honours

Mathematical problem solving has been the focus of recent curriculum reform. Researchers have investigated factors that appear to influence mathematical problem solving: one of these factors is metacognition. This study identified metacognitive aspects and investigated the relationship of metacognition and age in the context of mathematical problem solving. Twenty four children were randomly chosen: eight children from years two. four and six. The children were given the same non-routine problem to solve. A semi-structured interview and observation protocol were developed and used to determine students' metacognitive aspects. There was an extensive descriptive analysis of metacognitive aspects and a systematic quantification …

Age-Related Dendritic Changes In Human Occipital And Prefrontal Cortices: A Quantitative Golgi Study, Kelly A. Courns, Bob Jacobs

Modern Psychological Studies

Qualitative (Scheibe!, 1992) and quantitative (Jacobs & Scheibel, 1993) research indicates a general decline in dendritic neuropil with increasing age. The present study extends previous human dendritic research by examining quantitatively age-related changes in 2 cortical areas: prefrontal cortex (area 10) and occipital cortex (area 18). Tissue blocks were obtained from the left hemisphere of 10 neurologically normal subjects, ranging in age from 23 to 81 years. Blocks were stained with a modified rapid Golgi technique. Supragranular pyramidal cells were quantified on a Neurolucida computer/microscope interface system (Microbrightfield, Inc.). Dendritic system complexity was determined by several dependent measures: total dendritic …

The Cyclical-Interaction Model: How Phobia Onset Disrupts Normal Cognitive Processing, Maryl Barton

Modern Psychological Studies

A growing body o f cognitive research indicates that there is likely to be a cognitive basis for the onset, development, and maintenance of phobias. This possibility is examined relative to the potential for phobias to disrupt normal cognitive processing. Both the behavioral and cognitive approaches to the understanding and treatment o f phobias are explored. A hypothetical model is presented in which areas of cognitive disruption via phobia onset are explored, and a hypothetical case is presented to illustrate the new model. Implications of the new model for pursuing better phobia treatments, and the possible application of this model …

Equity Verses Gender Feminism: Trends In The American Feminist Reseacher, Jennifer A. Muryn

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Children's Assignment Of Intentionality To People, Animals, Plants, And Objects: Challenges To Theory Of Mind And Animism, Elizabeth Nebeker Szendre

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Interactive Effects Of Crime Prototype And Criminal Stereotype On Juridical Decisions, Joseph W. Filkins

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Therapeutic Value Of Companion Animals On Psychosocial And Physiological Well-Being: A Review Of The Literature., Maria G. D'Anna

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Predicational Organization And Its Enhancement Of Memory, Kristin M. S. Lang

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Fears In Children With Chronic Constipation: Reliability And Validity Of The Defecation Anxiety Scale, Elizabeth Page Clawson

Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric constipation can lead to various negative emotional and physical consequences including abdominal pain, painful defecation, toileting fears, anxiety about pain and intestinal dysfunction. In addition, constipation can lead to socially compromising and embarrassing situations due to associated overflow incontinence. These unpleasant physical and emotional symptoms may in tum lead to conditioned avoidance behaviors, which serve to further maintain the cycle of stool retention and constipation. Presently, there have not been any studies directly addressing the role of conditioned aversion in the etiology and maintenance of constipation. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Defecation Anxiety Scale (DAS)- a …

Female Aggression In Semi-Contact Sports, Karla Ann Sipple

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate female aggression in semi-contact sport. More specifically, two areas were examined: the types of aggression, hostile or instrumental, that occurred in girls basketball and soccer and the types of aggression that were committed within both sports. The subjects (N = 57) for this study were female athletes ( ages 15-18) who were sampled from various Midwestern high schools: basketball athletes (n = 32) and soccer athletes (n = 25). Subjects responded to a modified form of the Bredemeier Athletic Aggression Inventory (BAAGI-S). One way ANOVA's indicated non-significant differences for the …

Identification As A Motivator Of Environmentally Responsible Tourist Behaviour, Steve Sertis

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study examined the use of information in motivating environmentally responsible behaviour. In light of the ineffectiveness of traditional educational methods that have focussed upon affecting behaviour by changing attitudes through the manipulation of cognitive variables, an attempt was made to produce a sense of identification with the Rottnest Island Quokka using the tripartite model of motivational bases of attitudes developed by Hills (1993 ). This model used to determine whether different kinds of information would produce changes in environmental behaviour. Three groups of tourists were given either no information; factual information, consistent with current educational techniques used to influence …

A Qualitative Evaluation Of The S.A.I.F. Programme, Anne Blair

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This thesis describes an evaluation of Sexual Assault in Families Inc., Perth, Western Australia (the SAIF programme) which offers therapy and counselling to families where one or more of the children have been sexually abused by one of the family members. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the use of a triangulated qualitative research methodology in order to determine whether the programme is achieving its objectives in terms of service delivery. It adopted a phenomenological approach in which participants were acknowledged as expert informants who were capable of identifying valued aspects of the programme. The participants were twelve …

Cardiovascular Responses To The Combination Of Caffeine And The Repeated Acquisition And Performance Procedure, Cristin L. Sullivan

Masters Theses

The present study examined cardiovascular responses to the combination of caffeine (250 mg) and the repeated acquisition and performance procedure (RAPP) in humans. Six male subjects were tested in a within-subject, double-blind design. Repeated measurements of frontalis electromyogram (EMO), hand-skin temperature, heart rate, respiration, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were obtained during pre-drug, post-drug, acquisition, performance, and recovery periods. Measures of rate, percent error, and true error were obtained during the acquisition and performance components of the RAPP. Drug conditions (caffeine and placebo) and test orders (acquisition before performance and performance before acquisition) were pseudo- random across subjects. …

Television And Its Relationship To A Person's Character, Keri Lynn Phillips

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The following study looked at the relationship between the types of television shows a person watches, either violent, neutral, or nonviolent, and his/her score on the Character Counts Questionnaire (CCQ), which measures a person's character and ethical values. Subjects were asked to complete the CCQ and rate on a five point bipolar scale, whether they enjoyed or did not enjoy watching the selected television shows. While using the CCQ, several problems were found and changes were made to overcome them. The most prevalent problem was that the original scoring method was so rigid it did not give a reflective measure …

The Effects Of Social Interaction And Verbalization On The Acquisition Of An Organizational Memory Strategy, Suzanne F. Morrow

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The effects of peer tutoring on third- and fifth-graders' use of an organizational memory strategy was examined. Children were first introduced to the memory task with highly associated items. Children then either taught another child the task, tape recorded instructions to give another child, or did the task again. Organizational memory was then retested measuring recall and clustering on moderately associated items. There was a significant effect due to condition with those in the Peer Tutoring condition recalling more items than the Control condition. Subsequent analyses comparing only the two experimental conditions revealed that the Peer Tutoring subjects recalled significantly …