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Social Anxiety Scale For Adolescents: Normative Data And Further Evidence Of Construct Validity, Heidi M. Inderbitzen-Nolan, Kenneth S. Walters

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Replicates and extends prior work with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS– A) by providing psychometric data, further evidence of construct validity, and largesample based normative data. Participants were 2,937 students (1,431 boys and 1,506 girls) in Grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Students completed the SAS–A, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Results replicated a three-factor structure for the SAS–A, with good internal consistencies for its subscales. Normative data were subdivided by sex and grade group. Construct validity included replication of prior relations with general anxiety (RCMAS) and depressive symptomatology …

Children Of Alcoholics: An Update., D Z Lieberman

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

One of four children in the United States lives in a family in which the child is exposed to alcoholism. Children of alcoholics (COAs) are two to ten times more likely to develop alcoholism than non-COAs. This paper reviews studies that have attempted to identify risk factors that mediate the increased vulnerability and the protective factors that moderate the risk. Factors discussed include parental antisocial personality disorder, externalizing behavior, internalizing symptoms, differential response to the effects of alcohol, and positive and negative alcohol-related expectancies. The heterogeneous nature of COAs is emphasized, and some of the challenges related to treatment and …

Gender Identity Development In Self-Disclosed Gay Men In Hidalgo County, Texas, Sammy Lee Flanagan Jr.

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Although gay individuals are now more visible than ever, homosexuality remains among the most stigmatized of personal identities. It is because of the various variables associated with coming out and being out and the multitude of persons affected by an individuals' decision to disclose his orientation that are the focus of this research.

This research is designed to document the “coming out” experiences of self disclosed homosexual men, in Hidalgo County, Texas a predominately Mexican American, Catholic community, This research will look at the identity change that takes place when people choose to disclose their homosexual identity to other people. …

Primate Numerical Competence: Contributions Toward Understanding Nonhuman Cognition, Sarah T. Boysen, Karen I. Hallberg

Sentience Collection

Nonhuman primates represent the most significant extant species for comparative studies of cognition, including such complex phenomena as numerical competence, among others. Studies of numerical skills in monkeys and apes have a long, though somewhat sparse history, although questions for current empirical studies remain of great interest to several fields, including comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology; anthropology; ethology; and philosophy, to name a few. In addition to demonstrated similarities in complex information processing, empirical studies of a variety of potential cognitive limitations or constraints have provided insights into similarities and differences across the primate order, and continue to offer theoretical …

Implicit Memory For Music In Alzheimer's Disease, Andrea R. Halpern, Margaret G. O'Connor

Faculty Journal Articles

Short, unfamiliar melodies were presented to young and older adults and to Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in an implicit and an explicit memory task. The explicit task was yes–no recognition, and the implicit task was pleasantness ratings, in which memory was shown by higher ratings for old versus new melodies (the mere exposure effect). Young adults showed retention of the melodies in both tasks. Older adults showed little explicit memory but did show the mere exposure effect. The AD patients showed neither. The authors considered and rejected several artifactual reasons for this null effect in the context of the many …

Perceptual Calibration Of F0 Production: Evidence From Feedback Perturbation, Jeffery A. Jones, Kevin Munhall

Psychology Faculty Publications

Hearing one’s own speech is important for language learning and maintenance of accurate articulation. For example, people with postlinguistically acquired deafness often show a gradual deterioration of many aspects of speech production. In this manuscript, data are presented that address the role played by acoustic feedback in the control of voice fundamental frequency (F0). Eighteen subjects produced vowels under a control ~normal F0 feedback! and two experimental conditions: F0 shifted up and F0 shifted down. In each experimental condition subjects produced vowels during a training period in which their F0 was slowly shifted without …

One-Trial Context Fear Conditioning With Immediate Shock: The Roles Of Transport And Contextual Cues, Rick A. Bevins, Anthony S. Rauhut, Janice E. Mcphee, John J. B. Ayres

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In three experiments, using a total of 120 albino rats, we assessed whether transportation cues might evoke some of the freezing (i.e., defensive immobility) that we see in a context on a day following a footshock given immediately after placement in that context. The results suggested that immediate shock could directly condition strong fear to both simulated and actual transport cues. Although conditioning to transport cues explains some of the freezing that is seen on the test day, it does not explain all of it. We also found evidence that some of the freezing is due to conditioning to permanent …

Anticipating Adulthood: Expected Timing Of Work And Family Transitions Among Rural Youth, Lisa J. Crockett, C. Raymond Bingham

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined family and individual processes influencing the future expectancies of adolescents (N = 345) from an economically stressed rural community. The anticipated timing and sequencing of key role transitions (school completion, job entry, marriage, and parenthood) were examined for each gender. In addition, factors contributing to individual differences in expected timing were examined, and gender differences in predictors were tested. Results indicated that rural adolescents' expectancies about adult role transitions diverged somewhat from societal norms with respect to timing. Family background and relationships, adolescents' attitudes and behaviors, and educational aspirations all contributed to individual differences in expected …

Parental Monitoring And Adolescent Adjustment: An Ecological Perspective, Kristen C. Jacobson, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study uses an ecological framework to examine the associations between parental monitoring and a variety of indicators of adolescent adjustment. Specifically, investigators examined whether higher levels of parental monitoring were associated with higher adolescent grade point average, lower levels of adolescent depression, and lower levels of adolescent sexual activity and minor delinquency, and whether these relations were moderated by gender, grade level, or mothers’ work status. Participants were 424 7th to 12th graders from a single rural school district in central Pennsylvania. Bivariate correlations indicated that parental monitoring had strong associations with all indicators of adjustment for both boys …

Review Of: Catherine Manton, Fed Up: Women And Food In America, Elizabeth J. Baker

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

A review of the book Fed Up: Women and Food in America by Catherine Manton (Bergin & Garvey 1999). Bibliography, index, notes. ISBN 0-89789-448-0 [184 pp. $55.00. Cloth, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881].

Review Of: Thomas Szasz, Fatal Freedom: The Ethics And Politics Of Suicide, Paula W. Jewell

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

A review of the book Fatal Freedom: The Ethics and Politics of Suicide by Thomas Szasz (Praeger Publishers 1999). Preface, acknowledgments, appendix, notes, selected bibliography, indexes. ISBN 0-275-96646-1 [178 pp. $25.95. Hardbound, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881].

Varied Definitions Of Risk Related To Sensation Seeking Trait, Pål Ø.U. Dåstol, Britt-Marie Drottz-Sjöberg

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

[Excerpt] "Risk judgments seem related to which definitions of risk a person uses. Earlier studies suggest that people who use a "probability" definition of risk give different, and somewhat lower, subjective estimates of risk than those who instead prefer a "consequence" definition. In addition, an "optimistic bias" often can be found, and subjects usually evaluate personal risk systematically lower than risk for people in general."

"Preface" To Negotiating Adolescence In Times Of Social Change, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In February 1996, a diverse group of social scientists (psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists) from Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened at the Pennsylvania State University to discuss the ways in which social change may affect adolescent development, the likely consequences for adolescent functioning and well-being, and the kinds of social interventions needed to support healthy development in a changing society. Entitled "Negotiating Adolescence in Times of Social Change," the conference was organized to consider the abrupt and more gradual social changes affecting Western industrialized countries. Drawing on the ecological and life course perspectives, we were especially interested …

Rural Youth: Ecological And Life Course Perspectives, Lisa J. Crockett, Michael J. Shanahan, Julia Jackson-Newsom

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Drawing on the themes of social change, ecological risk, and their implications for the life course, this chapter is intended as a point of departure for future research on rural adolescents. We begin by considering the basic but difficult issue of defining the ecology of rural youth, noting possible sources of risk and resilience. We then examine research on psychosocial adjustment among rural youth, identifying how they are advantaged and disadvantaged relative to other youth. Third, we turn to a central challenge facing contemporary rural youth: the need to reconcile attachments to family and place with a desire for educational …

Prevalence And Risk Factors For Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization Of Medicaid-Enrolled Assisted Living Residents, Marion Becker, Timothy Boaz, Ross Andel, Joshua Digennaro

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Social Change And Adolescent Development: Issues And Challenges, Lisa J. Crockett, Rainer K. Silbereisen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Determining the consequences of such societal-level changes for adolescent development presents formidable challenges. Social change on one or more dimensions must be documented, the complex processes through which social change may affect adolescents must be identified, and the hypothesized causal processes must be linked empirically to adolescent outcomes. In this chapter, we discuss these challenges and the conceptual issues they raise. We begin with one example of social change and use it as a springboard for discussing four questions:
1. What kinds of contextual changes are produced by social change?
2. How (through what mediating processes) do these changes affect …

Center-Based Prevalence Of Anxiety And Depression In Women Of The Northern Areas Of Pakistan, Sunita Dodani, Rukhsana Wamiq Zuberi

Department for Educational Development

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women of the Northern areas. Methods: A cross-sectional center-based study was conducted at Singal Medical Center (SNIC), Gilgit, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results: One hundred and twenty women, between the ages of 16 and 60, attended the SMC over a two month period and were included in the study. Using HADS, it was found that 50% of the women had anxiety and/or depression; 25% suffered only from anxiety, 8% from depression and 17% had features of both.

Conclusion: This study …

Choosing A Doctor: An Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Patients’ Choice Of A Primary Care Doctor, Brian H. Bornstein, David Marcus, William Cassidy

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We assessed the relative importance healthcare consumers attach to various factors in choosing a primary care doctor (PCD) in a cross-sectional, in-person survey. Three survey locations were used: doctors’ offices, a public shopping area, and meetings of a women’s organization. A total of 636 community residents, varying across major demographic categories, participated. Participants completed a 23-item survey, designed to assess which factors consumers perceive as most relevant in choosing a PCD. Participants perceived professionally relevant factors (e.g. whether the doctor is board certified, office appearance) and management practices (e.g. time to get an appointment, evening and weekend hours) as more …

Center For Psychology Studies Newsletter - Fall 2000, Nova Southeastern University

Center for Psychological Studies Newsletter

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Offenders In A State Psychiatric Hospital, L. E. C. Lim, L. L. Tan, M. Sung, K. L. Chan, M. I. Loh, Paulin T. Straughan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Patients remanded over a two-year period to Woodbridge Hospital by Court Order were studied retrospectively. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis, theft and robbery the most prevalent offences. Males greatly outnumbered females. There were important gender differences, with males tending to commit sexual offences and females, theft and mischief. Males were less likely to be acquainted with their victims but those who caused hurt were more likely to know their victims. Outrage of modesty and theft were more likely to be committed against strangers. The reconviction rate was 26%, with repeat offenders more likely to commit sexual offences and theft. …

Kenneth Starr: Diabolically Evil?, Jeanne L. Schroeder, David G. Carlson

Articles

The article explores the intersection of law, morality, and subjectivity through the lens of Slavoj Žižek's philosophical works, particularly in the context of the impeachment of President Clinton. It argues that the public's negative reaction to the impeachment was rooted in a fear of encountering "diabolical evil," a concept drawn from Kantian philosophy, where law and morality coincide perfectly. This form of evil is more terrifying than ordinary evil because it is committed without pathological motives, purely for the sake of duty.

The Suggestibility Of Older Witnesses, Brian H. Bornstein, Christy J. Witt, Katie E. Cherry, Edith Greene

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study compares younger and older adult witnesses’ susceptibility to misinformation. Previous research on the misinformation effect has not measured the relationship between the effect and individuals’ perceptions of their own memory abilities. Such perceptions, and general knowledge of one’s own memory processes, are referred to as “metamemory.” In order to examine the relationship between metamemory and the misinformation effect in the present study, participants also completed a questionnaire that assessed their perception of their memory functioning. Although older persons tend to perceive their memories as being faulty, the correlation between self-assessment of memory abilities and actual memory performance …

Falun Gong And The Politics Of Psychiatry, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes political facets of the institution of psychiatry.

The Differential Relations Of Parent And Peer Attachment To Adolescent Adjustment, Deborah J. Laible, Gustavo Carlo, Marcela Raffaelli

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Whether or not close emotional relationships with parents and peers serve similar functions for adolescent adjustment is an issue of increasing interest. The present study was designed to examine the relations between parent and peer attachment and adolescent adjustment. Eighty-nine adolescents (M age = 16.1 years, SD = 1.8 years) completed self-report measures of parent and peer attachment, sympathy, academic efficacy, aggression, anxiety, and depression. Adolescents were divided into four groups on the basis of their parent and peer attachment scores: those high on both, those low on both, those high on peer but low on parent attachment, and those …

Mediator Personality Type And Perceived Conflict Goals In Workplace Mediation: A Study Of Shared Neutrals, Karin Alayne Waller

Dissertations and Theses

The focus of this thesis was around two questions: "Do mediators commonly share a personality typology?" and "Does personality type affect mediators' perceptions of disputants' goals?" The findings of this study have several implications for conflict management and its practitioners. For instance, consideration of one's own personality type can lead to deeper understanding of one's own biases and help develop mediator neutrality. Studies about mediation practitioners can also provide information about this under-represented group for use in career counseling, as well as in public education.

This research suggests that 71% of this group of mediators shared preferences in both the …

Conditioned Place Preference: What Does It Add To Our Preclinical Understanding Of Drug Reward?, M. T. Bardo, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale: Among the various experimental protocols that have been used to measure drug reward in laboratory animals, conditioned place preference (CPP) has been one of the most popular. However, a number of controversial issues have surrounded the use of this experimental protocol.
Objective: The present review provides a theoretical overview of some critical issues relevant to CPP. The advantages and limitations of CPP are also covered.
Results: Based on modern and traditional theoretical formulations of Pavlovian conditioning, CPP appears to reflect a preference for a context due to the contiguous association between the context and a drug stimulus. Within this …

Precious Little Guidance: Jury Instruction On Damage Awards, Edith Greene, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Jury instructions on damage awards are notoriously vague and ambiguous. As a result, awards are sometimes unexpected and seemingly illogical. In this article, the authors argue that jury instructions regarding damages are vague because the law of damages itself is purposefully ambiguous—allowing particularized justice across a variety of different circumstances. The authors review research on comprehension and application of substantive jury instructions related to damages and on procedural variations at trial (e.g., use of preinstruction, bifurcation, blindfolding jurors to various issues, special verdict forms, caps on damages, and instruction revision) that impact the substantive instructions that jurors receive from the …

Understanding The Dynamics Of Child Maltreatment: Child Harm, Family Healing, And Public Policy (Discussant's Commentary), Ross A. Thompson

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

For almost a half-century, the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has profiled many of the evolving themes and issues at the heart of psychology. It has also documented, less directly, changes in society. When the symposium was inaugurated in 1951, child maltreatment was a sad reality of life for many children, but it was not a topic of considerable professional attention. With the identification of the "battered child syndrome" (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, & Silver, 1962) in the early 1960s, however, professional concern with the plight of abused and neglected children quickly grew. National attention to child maltreatment also increased as …

Introduction Of Motivation And Child Maltreatment: Volume 46 Of The Nebraska Symposium On Motivation, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

There are at least two great luxuries associated with being coordinator of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. One is choosing the topic or major theme of the prestigious and influential conference. The second is selecting the speakers. It is great to sit back and think about all of the leading scholars in the field and decide who you would like to hear speak and have contribute a chapter to the volume. This 46th Annual Nebraska Symposium on Motivation brought together a distinguished panel of scholars who explored issues related to motivation and child maltreatment.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Odd) In Children And Adolescents, Maria J. Garlie

Graduate Research Papers

This paper is a review of the literature on Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents. Included in this review is information on the history of changes through which the diagnosis of ODD has gone, a comparison of children with ODD to "normal" children in terms of development, gender differences, co-morbidity, etiology, and treatment interventions.