Digital Commons Network^™

Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Study Identifies Glutamate Receptor Gene Grin2a As A Parkinson's Disease Modifier Gene Via Interaction With Coffee, Taye H. Hamza, Honglei Chen, Erin M. Hill-Burns, Shannon L. Rhodes, Jennifer Montimurro, Denise M. Kay, Albert Tenesa, Victoria I. Kusel, Patricia Sheehan, Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth, Dora Yearout, Ali Samii, John W. Roberts, Pinky Agarwal, Yvette Bordelon, Yikyung Park, Liyong Wang, Jianjun Gao, Jeffery M. Vance, Kenneth S. Kendler, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, William K. Scott, Beate Ritz, John Nutt, Stweart A. Factor, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Haydeh Payami

Psychiatry Publications

Our aim was to identify genes that influence the inverse association of coffee with the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). We used genome-wide genotype data and lifetime caffeinated-coffee-consumption data on 1,458 persons with PD and 931 without PD from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium (NGRC), and we performed a genome-wide association and interaction study (GWAIS), testing each SNP's main-effect plus its interaction with coffee, adjusting for sex, age, and two principal components. We then stratified subjects as heavy or light coffee-drinkers and performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) in each group. We replicated the most significant SNP. Finally, we imputed the …

When East Meets West: Understanding The Misconduct Of Teenage Girls In Hong Kong, Violet Cheung

Psychology

Although acculturation towards western culture has been linked to higher levels of misconduct in previous research, little is understood about the mechanisms involved. The present study uses two mediators, early autonomy timetable and large family obligation discrepancy to explain how western values alter children’s behavior and family dynamics, that would push them towards misconduct. The sample included 138 girls (M = 13.8 years) from Hong Kong, a former British colony. Results showed that when indigenous youths adopted western values, their autonomy timetables were accelerated, which in turn manifested itself as misconduct. Meanwhile, the western acculturated youths also had a larger …

The Relationship Between Neuroticism, Early Maldapative Schemas, And Aggression, Jessica Elaine Waite

Theses Digitization Project

In this study, a structural equation model was used to investigate the relationships between neuroticism, Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), and agression. Findings from this study indicates significant paths between all latent constructs and measured variables. Findings also indicate a significant indirect relationshp between neuroticism and aggression being mediated through EMS.

High-Fidelity Simulation And Training To Improve Coordination Between Aerospace Specializations, Paul A. Craig, Richard G. Moffett, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Andrea M. Georgiou, Gerald L. Hill, Jennifer A. Henslee, Paul R. Carlson, Nora A. Cole, Joseph H. Cooper, Durant Bridges, Justice Amankwah, Donald J. Tipton, Alan Waid

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This Symposium contains the first reports of research being conducted at Middle Tennessee State University using a scenario-based teaching methodology with students across multiple disciplines of aviation training. The MTSU Center for Research on Aviation Training is a NASA funded project that had built a replica of an airline’s flight operations center. The basic research of the project involves the interactions between aviation professionals. These interactions can produce smooth and safe operations for passengers, profits for employers and economic benefits for the national and the world – or these interactions can yield chaos, frustration and loss of revenue. This research …

The Continuing Challenge Of Aviation Safety In Africa., Dr. Maxine Lubner, Dr. Stephen Braccio, Michael Bartron, Al Logie

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This study follows an epidemiological approach to examine possible predictors of and current interventions for safety in aviation transportation in two regions with widely different safety records: New York (NY) representing several regions in the US, and Tanzania (Tz), representing several regions in Africa. For most transportation modes, NY has one of the best and Tz has among the worst safety records. This paper identifies some of the similarities and differences between the two regions in order to find ways to improve the safety record in Tz and to ensure that safety continues to improve in NY. Several US, African, …

Multiteam Coordination In Simulated Airline Operations: Assessment Of Interpositional Knowledge And Task Mental Models, Glenn E. Littlepage, Jennifer A. Henslee

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Effective airline operations require coordination among various specializations such as pilot, flight dispatch, and maintenance. Interpositional knowledge (IPK) and task mental models are emergent cognitive states that can facilitate effective coordination. This study examined the extent of IPK and similarity and accuracy of task mental models among aerospace students. Results indicated relatively low levels of IPK and mental model similarity and moderate levels of mental model accuracy. Training activities that enhance IPK and task mental models have the potential to improve coordination and performance of airline personnel.

The Digital Migration Of Research Dissemination In Aviation Psychology Disciplines, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Henry R. Lehrer, John H. Mott, Charles T. Watkinson, Mark P. Newton, Jennifer Kirschner

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Innovations in research dissemination have emerged over the last decade in the movement toward on-line digital materials and distribution by increasingly environmentally-friendly processes. The access to scholarship has often been limited to major research organizations capable of funding subscriptions, the costs of which have escalated to prohibitive values. Demonstrated herein is a model for world-wide open access to the latest contributions to the foundations of our discipline. The development of a systemic process to cross boundaries so that overall progress can result through the integration of research and industry practice at the individual level is provided. The foundational relationships and …

Sleep Estimates In Children: Parental Versus Actigraphic Assessments, Ehab A. Dayyat, Karen Spruyt, Dennis L. Molfese, David Gozal

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Background: In the context of increasing awareness about the need for assessment of sleep duration in community and clinical settings, the use of questionnaire-based tools may be fraught with reporter bias. Conversely, actigraphy provides objective assessments of sleep patterns. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential discrepancies between parentally-based sleep logs and concurrent actigraphic recordings in children over a one-week period.

Methods: We studied 327 children aged 3–10 years, and included otherwise healthy, nonsnoring children from the community who were reported by their parents to be nonsnorers and had normal polysomnography, habitually-snoring children from the community …

Minimal Information For Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (Minemo): A Standards-Compliant Method For Analysis And Integration Of Event-Related Potentials (Erp) Data, Gwen Frishkoff, Jason Sydes, Kurt Mueller, Tim Curran, John F. Connolly, Kerry Kilborn, Dennis L. Molfese, Charles Perfetti, Allen D. Malony

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

We present MINEMO (Minimal Information for Neural ElectroMagnetic Ontologies), a checklist for the description of event-related potentials (ERP) studies. MINEMO extends MINI (Minimal Information for Neuroscience Investigations)to the ERP domain. Checklist terms are explicated in NEMO, a formal ontology that is designed to support ERP data sharing and integration. MINEMO is also linked to an ERP database and web application (the NEMO portal). Users upload their data and enter MINEMO information through the portal. The database then stores these entries in RDF (Resource Description Framework), along with summary metrics, i.e., spatial and temporal metadata. Together these spatial, temporal, and functional …

The Internship Application Process: Advice You Might Not Have Heard (Student Forum), David K. Dilillo, Thad R. Leffingwell

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Offers advice about the mastering the application process for a psychology clinical training internship, including: making your dissertation sound interesting, interviewing effectively, and tips for writing engaging essays.

The Effects Of An Intensive Training And Feedback Program On Investigative Interviews Of Children, Heather L. Price, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of an extensive training and feedback program with investigative interviewers of child victims of alleged abuse and neglect in a large Canadian city. Twelve investigative interviewers participated in a joint training initiative that lasted eight months and involved classroom components and extensive weekly verbal and written feedback. Interviewers were significantly more likely to use open-ended prompts and elicited more information from children with open-ended prompts following training. These differences were especially prominent following a subsequent ‘refresher’ training session. No negative effects of training were observed. Clear evidence was found of the benefits …

The Effect Of Event Repetition On The Production Of Story-Grammar In Children’S Event Narratives, Brooke B. Feltis, Martine B. Powell, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective: This study examined the effect of event repetition on the amount and nature of story grammar produced by children when recalling the event.

Method: Children aged 4 years (N = 50) and 7 years (N = 56) participated in either one or six occurrences of a highly similar event where details varied across the occurrences. Half the children in each age and event group recalled the last/single occurrence 5-6 days later and the other half recalling the last/single occurrence after 5-6 weeks (the final and single occurrence was the same). Children’s free recall responses were classified according …

Effects Of Practicing Episodic Versus Scripted Recall On Children’S Subsequent Narratives Of A Repeated Event, Sonja P. Brubacher, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Children (N = 240) aged 5 to 8 participated in 1 or 4 activity sessions involving interactive tasks (e.g., completing a puzzle); children with single-event participation served as a control group. One week after their last/only session, all children were practised in episodic recall of unrelated experiences by asking about either 1) a single-experience event, 2) a specific instance of a repeated event, or 3) scripted recall of a series of events. Children were subsequently interviewed in an open-ended, non-suggestive manner about one of the activity sessions; children with repeated experience were permitted to nominate the session they wanted …

Children’S Ability To Recall Unique Aspects Of One Occurrence Of A Repeated Event, Sonja P. Brubacher, Una Glisic, Kim P. Roberts, Martine B. Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Preschool and school-age children’s memory and source monitoring were investigated by questioning them about one occurrence of a repeated lab event (n = 39). Each of the four occurrences had the same structure, but with varying alternatives for the specific activities and items presented. Variable details had a different alternative each time; hi/lo details presented the identical alternative three times and changed once. New details were present in one occurrence only and thus had no alternatives. Children more often confused variable, lo, and new details across occurrences than hi details. The 4- to 5-year-oldchildren were less …

Using Spaced Learning Principles To Translate Knowledge Into Behavior: Evidence From Investigative Interviews Of Alleged Child Abuse Victims, Alexis E. Rischke, Kim P. Roberts, Heather L. Price

Psychology Faculty Publications

The present study assessed the progress of 13 investigative interviewers (child protection workers and police officers) before, during, and after an intensive training program (n = 132 interviews). Training began with a 2-day workshop covering the principles of child development and child-friendly interviewing. Interviewers then submitted interviews on a bi-weekly basis to which they received written and verbal feedback over an 8-month period. A refresher session took place two months into training. Interestingly, improvements were observed only after the refresher session. Interviews conducted post-refresher training contained proportionally more open-ended questions, more child details in response to open-ended questions, and proportionally …

Suicide And Suicide Risk In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Populations: Review And Recommendations, Ann P. Haas, Mickey Eliason, Vickie M. Mays, Robin M. Mathy, Susan D. Cochran, Anthony R. D'Augelli, Morton M. Silverman, Prudence W. Fisher, Tonda Hughes, Margaret Rosario, Stephen T. Russell, Effie Malley, Jerry Reed, David A. Litts, Ellen Haller, Randall L. Sell, Gary Remafedi, Judith Bradford, Annette L. Beautrais, Gregory K. Brown, Gary M. Diamond, Mark S. Friedman, Robert Garofalo, Mason S. Turner, Amber Hollibaugh, Paula J. Clayton

Publications and Research

Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.

Improving Blood Pressure Control In Esrd Through A Supportive Educative Nursing Intervention, Zorica Kauric-Klein

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

IMPROVING BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN ESRD THROUGH A

SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE NURSING INTERVENTION

by

ZORICA KAURIC-KLEIN

May 2011

Advisor: Dr. Nancy T. Artinian

Major: Nursing

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Problem: Hypertension in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients contributes significantly to their morbidity and mortality. Statistics indicate the hypertension rate amongst HD patients ranges from 75 to 100 %. Studies have indicated that adherence rates to self-care behaviors related to salt and fluid intake and medication regimens are very poor in the HD population. Traditional hypertension management strategies have been found to be largely ineffective. There is modest evidence indicating that interventions …

Work-Family Boundary Management Strategies: Examining Outcomes, And The Role Of Fit, Madhura Chakrabarti

Wayne State University Dissertations

As more and more people attempt to effectively manage the simultaneous demands of work and family, researchers are now trying to investigate the various ways by which people choose to do so. The present study investigated the concept of boundary management strategies that describes the work-family interface in terms of cognitive, physical, and behavioral boundaries between work and family domains that individuals actively try to manage in order to balance the two worlds. Research in boundary management strategies has been minimal due to the the novelty of the construct. In this study, specific individual and organizational outcomes like work-family conflict, …

Identifying Training Gaps In Rq-7b Shadow: A U.S. Army Unmanned Aircraft System, John E. Stewart, Martin L. Bink

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The mission of the RQ-7B has changed radically since 2003, when unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ownership shifted from Military Intelligence (MI) to Army Aviation. Instead of passive observation, RQ-7B operators must now acquire active scout-reconnaissance skills. Initial training takes place at Ft. Huachuca, AZ, the Army’s main MI installation. Operators then report to their unit, usually a Brigade Combat Team (BCT). This research focused on (a) type training received at the schoolhouse (MI/scout-reconnaissance), (b) training received at the BCT, and (c) opportunities for training. It was found that schoolhouse training still was primarily MI, (e.g., image analysis and vehicle identification). …

Preliminary Program Assessment For Attracting Physically Disabled Individuals To Aviation, Erin E. Bowen, Bernie Wulle, Michael E. Jednachowski

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Developing effective aircraft piloting skills takes years of training with qualified experts to meet and exceed flight certification requirements. Not everyone who desires to can reach those standards, and the challenge is even greater for those with physical disabilities who desire to learn to fly. While considered uncommon, there are opportunities that seek to modify aircraft and train physically impaired students to be pilots. However, little research has been done on whether there also needs to be modification in the approach of flight and ground instructors when training impaired students. The present study presents preliminary findings of a qualitative study …

Effects Of Commuting On Crewmember Fatigue: A Comprehensive Study In Support Of Risk Management, Lori J. Brown, Geoff Whitehurst

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The need to reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the aviation industry remains on the National Transportation Safety Boards’ (NTSB), most wanted list. At many airlines, crewmembers are forced to work to the point of exhaustion because of: poorly scheduled duty time; lengthened duty days; minimum scheduled rest requirements; working the backside of the clock, multiple short-haul legs; and long commutes to work. Although, commuting, in the context of aviation, has yet to be defined, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an ‘extreme commute’ as a travel 90 minutes or more, each way to work. Americans who endure …

Towards Integrating Traffic And Terrain Constraints Into A Vertical Situation Display, C. Borst, P. Rijneveld, M. Mulder, M.M. (René) Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Future airspace operations will allow flight crews to plan and fly their own preferred route and time of arrival without much intervention from air traffic control. Thereby, pilots will become more responsible for planning their own route while maintaining safe separations from traffic and/or terrain. This demands for strategic and tactical planning tools that supports pilots in these tasks. The work in this paper focuses on supporting the airborne separation assurance task in the vertical plane by means of portraying traffic and terrain conflict zones onto an enhanced Vertical Situation Display. In a simulator evaluation the experimental display was compared …

Improving Human Factors Training: Perceptions Of Retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians, Kim Wayne Robinson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Human Factors training is a major concern for airlines and Maintenance Repair Organizations. This study taps into the reservoir of knowledge and experience of retired Aircraft Maintenance Technicians (AMTs) with respect to aviation maintenance human factors. A survey was given to retired AMTs with 20-30 years of maintenance experience to rank the relative importance of each of the FAA’s Dirty Dozen of human factors in maintenance accidents. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to further explore recommendations on how to prevent human factor accidents related to maintenance. This paper discusses the findings from the original survey and preliminary findings from the …

Selection Requirements To Work In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt, Alexander Heintz, Dirk Schulze Kissing

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Different findings concerning staff selection requirements for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) resulting from empirical studies and expert judgement are summarised. The biggest impacts are foreseen for ATCO’s, commercial pilots, ATM technical staff and a/c maintenance staff, mainly related to advanced ATM concept features. An empirical study involving ATCOs and pilots encompassing workshops and simulations studying elements of a free flight scenario revealed significant changes in ability requirements for ATCOs and pilots. They indicate higher ability requirements for pilots in future ATM systems and only small changes for air traffic controllers. Pilot and air traffic controller profiles are likely to …

The Selection Of Commercial Astronauts For Suborbital Spaceflight, Brian Kozak, Denver Lopp, John Young, Tim Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

When SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004, it launched the commercial space tourism industry. In 2007 Burt Rutan said, “We think that 100,000 people will fly by 2020” (Rutan, 2007). This will create a need for qualified crews to operate these spacecraft. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study was to investigate the possible selection criteria of these crews. Data was collected from telephone and email interviews with four U.S.-suborbital space tourism companies and Purdue University's astronaut alumni network. Grounded Theory and Truth and Reality Testing were used as the theoretical framework for data analysis. The data gathered suggests …

Display Requirements And Alerting Modalities Of A Flight Deck Based Runway Safety Alerting System, Peter M. Moertl Ph.D., Kathleen Mcgarry Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

This paper presents the results of a human in the loop simulation that evaluated the display of runway safety relevant traffic and runway indications and alerts on a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). The simulation investigated differences between directive versus nondirective alert types and between an airport map with and without taxiway information. 24 pilots evaluated the CDTI in 18 airport surface scenarios that contained conflict opportunities. Findings indicate that with directive alerts, pilots avoided all conflict opportunities, while with nondirective alerts 90 % of conflicts were avoided. Response to directive alerts was generally faster than to non-directive alerts. …

An Examination Of A Conceptual Framework For Processing And Integrating Information, Asha H. Smith Ph.D., Immanuel Barshi Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Flight crews rely on displays to assess the state of individual aircraft systems and to remain cognizant of how those systems interact. Degani, et al. (2009) suggest that understanding how humans routinely interpret complex environments should aid in creating displays that help flight crews gain holistic understandings of their vehicles. They propose a six-level hierarchy representing how humans integrate large amounts information. The current experiment sought to understand the costs and benefits of solving classic logic problems when details are presented at key levels of this hierarchy. The results showed that displays representing the highest level of the hierarchy yielded …

Applying The Reliance-Compliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Kasha Geels, Stephen Rice, Jeremy Schwark, Hayle Hunt, Joshua Sandry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

System-wide trust (SWT) strategy can occur when operators encounter multiple aids of differing reliabilities. Keller and Rice (2010) have shown effects of one unreliable aid influencing a perfectly reliable aid; participants had a tendency to treat both aids as one entire unit (SWT) rather than as two separate aids (component-specific trust). One limitation was that the use of only two diagnostic aids may not have been enough to generalize their results. This study seeks to further explore SWT with additional aids. Participants performed a 4-gauge monitoring task augmented by a diagnostic aid that provided recommendations of failures. The aids were …

Application Of A Human Error Taxonomy For The Identification Of Air Traffic Control Errors And Causal Factors, Katherine Berry, Michael Sawyer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

With the complexity of the National Airspace System, a comprehensive taxonomy is needed to classify incident causal factors within the air traffic control (ATC) industry. These causal factors must not be limited to the individual involved in the incident, but must extend to the role of management and the organization. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a human error taxonomy when integrated into the incident investigation process permits for causal factors to be classified at various system levels. Utilizing HFACS, this study investigates human performance within the ATC industry and classifies ATC incidents cases using HFACS, investigates …

Effects Of Personality And Situation Upon Appraisal And Coping, Daniel Henry Mcgrath

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Stress and coping represent one of the most studied areas in the field of psychology. There is little agreement regarding the proper conceptualization of coping. Cognitive processesand personality traits have been proposed as important determinants of coping responses. Low correlations have been consistently found between personality traits, appraisal, and coping. Many studies in the stress and coping literature suffer from methodological issues. This study was designed to improve upon typical methodology, determine the relative predictive utility ofpersonality cluster approaches over dimensional approaches, and determine the effect of personality and situation upon appraisal and coping. Participants read hypothetical stressor scenarios. Primary …