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The Effect Of Participation In Party Politics On Terrorist Organizations: A Case Study Of Hamas And Hezbollah, David Newman
The Effect Of Participation In Party Politics On Terrorist Organizations: A Case Study Of Hamas And Hezbollah, David Newman
Honors Theses
This thesis sought to explore the effect of participation in party politics on terrorist organizations through a comparative case study of Hamas in the Palestinian Territories and Hezbollah in Lebanon. The project was inspired by the existing literature on party-terror linkages and inclusion-moderation theory. The methodology used to test this relationship required analysis of the histories of the two organizations to identify each organization's years of participation and non-participation in party politics. Then, using the data compiled by the Global Terrorism Database, I calculated the average number of terrorist incidents per year across the phases of participation in party politics …
Social Media Use And Negative Partisanship Among College Students, Savannah Maas
Social Media Use And Negative Partisanship Among College Students, Savannah Maas
Honors Theses
Since the creation of the United States of America, the political climate has vastly changed and adapted, each time period with its own distinct characteristics. Today, the American electorate and Congress are more polarized than ever and negative partisan-ship has become a central characteristic in politics. Partisan identities of voters are more homogenous than ever and approval rates of people's opposing parties are at an all-time low. People's political decisions have begun to be more driven by dislike of the opposing party than support of their own. Social media has also grown over recent years and has begun to play …
Radicalization And The Internet, Dustin Covert
Radicalization And The Internet, Dustin Covert
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
How extremist groups use the internet has recently become a major national security issue. This paper discusses the role that the internet plays in the radicalization process. It will review recent research that analyzes how extremist groups use the internet and properties of the internet that may help to radicalize an individual. This paper will lay a foundation for future research to establish relationships between the internet and the radicalization process.
Just War: New Customary International Law To Combat Violent Non-State Actor Groups?, Lisa Marie Holz
Just War: New Customary International Law To Combat Violent Non-State Actor Groups?, Lisa Marie Holz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The issue that this study focused upon was the legitimacy of military interventions by a state against a violent non-state actor group located within another state's territory. The research sought to answer how interventions by the United States and its allies have evolved during the post 9/11 era. It additionally explored if the justification for military interventions had changed. This study used data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and the United Nations Security Council to create a hybrid data-set and analyzed the data for the location and number of states participating in operations against violent non-state actors ("VNSAs"). This …
An Investigation Of The Violation Of Human Rights In Yemen, Abigail Watson
An Investigation Of The Violation Of Human Rights In Yemen, Abigail Watson
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This research paper aims to investigate the persistence of human rights violations in Yemen from 2008 to 2018. It examines whether this persistence of human rights violations is related to Yemen’s regime type, external actors such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Iran, and the United States, Yemen’s state of wealth and economic growth, and civil wars. This research paper uses data from various sources to examine different propositions related to the investigation of human rights in Yemen. The findings of this paper include that Yemen’s regime type, external actors such as the GCC, Iran, and the United States, Yemen’s …
Place Over Politics: Power, Strategy, Terrain, And Regime Type In Interstate War Outcomes, 1816-2003, Connor Joseph Sprayberry Sutton
Place Over Politics: Power, Strategy, Terrain, And Regime Type In Interstate War Outcomes, 1816-2003, Connor Joseph Sprayberry Sutton
Wayne State University Dissertations
While the study of war occurrence is among the primary considerations of the field of international relations, only recently has attention turned towards the study of war outcomes. This attention is best represented by the democratic victory proposition, which suggests that democracies win the majority of their wars by virtue of being democratic. However, elements of this study are currently incipient. In turn, this dissertation generates a novel set of variables to measure the impact of terrain on war outcomes, including measures of spatial extent, topographic heterogeneity, and land cover heterogeneity. These metrics are generated for all 94 interstate wars …
Figures Of Wwi, Grant Morgan
Figures Of Wwi, Grant Morgan
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This is a paper about three things: the connection between The University of Oxford and Akron; T.E. Lawrence's exploits in the WWI Hejaz; and the fall of the British Liberals after WWI.
Policy Implications Of News Media Coverage Of The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria., Godfred A. Ababio
Policy Implications Of News Media Coverage Of The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria., Godfred A. Ababio
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) garnered global news media attention in Summer 2014 when it seized a significant section of land in Iraq and Syria. The group then mishandled and executed its captives. There is a lack of consensus among the international community, led by Russia and the United States, on how best to address the threat posed by ISIS. An understanding of the function of Russian and U.S. news media coverage of the ISIS threat is an appropriate research topic. The purpose of this qualitative content analysis study was to explore how the U.S, Russian, and …
Are Cyber Operations Having An Impact On State Electoral Processes?, Sean Joseph Mcnicholas
Are Cyber Operations Having An Impact On State Electoral Processes?, Sean Joseph Mcnicholas
Dissertations and Theses
Cyber-attacks have become common occurrences which have an impact on all aspects of life ranging from business transactions to personal communications. Alarmingly, coordinated cyber-attacks are increasingly targeting politicians and their associates, political campaigns, political organizations and the broader public with political messaging. Given the novelty of these new forms of attacks, little is known of their potential impact. This thesis argues that states, state-directed actors, or non-state actors are disrupting, altering or influencing the electoral process in democratic states through coordinated cyber operations. It further argues that the purpose is to increase hyper-partisanship and erode the legitimacy of democratically-elected leaders. …
Nationalism, Soft Annexation And Hybrid Warfare: Putin's Recipe For Russian Resurgence, Brian E. Szlenk Straub
Nationalism, Soft Annexation And Hybrid Warfare: Putin's Recipe For Russian Resurgence, Brian E. Szlenk Straub
Dissertations and Theses
Over the last decades since the fall of the Soviet Union, The Russian Federation has struggled to reclaim its grasp over Eastern Europe and re-establish itself as a major player on the international scene. Increased NATO expansion towards its borders, and the “Westernization” of Eastern Europe has led to the country feeling it has been boxed into a corner. The feeling that the Russian nation has been encroached upon by the Western world has led to the rise of Vladimir Putin as President of Russia, and the marked rise in nationalism within the country. In this Master’s Thesis, I intend …
Applying Psychological Theories Of Personality, Identity, And Intergroup Conflict To Radical Violence: A Case Study Of Extremist Behavior, Sydney Flynn
CMC Senior Theses
This paper aims to address possible psychoanalytical explanations for the heinous acts in which terrorists, particularly ISIS, engage. It focuses on Harold D. Lasswell’s principles of the id, ego, and superego as well as Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory. Within the framework of these two theories, relevant psychological and social psychological theories are discussed in order to explore a possible connection between the psyche of violent perpetrators and their actions. By exploring these connections, I find that there may be more nuanced psychological explanations for these violent acts, which could lead to new methods of weakening perceived biases, intergroup …
Popular: The Monopoly Of Force And Iraq’S Popular Mobilization Units, Travis Birch
Popular: The Monopoly Of Force And Iraq’S Popular Mobilization Units, Travis Birch
Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies
No abstract provided.
The Meaning Of A Woman's Work: Refugees, Statelessness, Nationality, And The Women's International League For Peace And Freedom, 1918-1931, Monica Burney
Masters Theses
This work analyzes how the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) sought to influence how the League of Nations approached questions of nationality and statelessness between 1918 and 1931. Especially important were the WILPF's efforts to aid women and children who remained in Turkey following the Armenian genocide, as well as the organization's efforts to address the statelessness crisis that arose following the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. Their activism helped to pressure the League of Nations into creating the Commission of Enquiry on Deported Women and Children in Turkey and Asia Minor. Their efforts to end statelessness culminated in …
Under Pressure: Explaining Backlash Against Civil Society In The Andean Community, Noah Anders Levine
Under Pressure: Explaining Backlash Against Civil Society In The Andean Community, Noah Anders Levine
Pomona Senior Theses
In this thesis, I consider the trend of increasing backlash against civil society around the world. I focus on Ecuador and Peru, both democratic countries that have placed restrictions on NGOs receiving foreign funding. I examine both countries in terms of changes over time in the regulatory environment for NGOs. I ask: What factors motivated these changes? I analyze the countries with respect to three possible explanations: defending sovereignty against foreign powers, stifling internal dissent, and seeking rents. In answering this question, I draw upon the laws in question, press releases, and news reports as well as interviews with NGO …
Dangerous Delegation: Explaining The Rationales And Outcomes Of State Sponsorship Of Terrorism Through The Principal-Agent Framework, Jeremy M. Berkowitz
Dangerous Delegation: Explaining The Rationales And Outcomes Of State Sponsorship Of Terrorism Through The Principal-Agent Framework, Jeremy M. Berkowitz
Graduate Dissertations and Theses
State sponsorship of terrorism, where a government deliberately provides resources and material support to a terrorist organization, is common in the international system. By conceptualizing state sponsorship as a relationship between a principal and agent, I develop a consistent theoretical model that explains why states pursue this foreign policy strategy, as well as how they rationally attempt to minimize the inherent risks of delegating to violent non-state actors. I test my model by using a novel dataset on sponsorship behaviors that improves on the range, detail, and temporality of previously used measurements. My dissertation is organized into three distinct papers, …
การปฏิรูปกระบวนการนโยบายต่างประเทศของจีนในสมัชชา 18, กิตติพศ พุทธิวนิช
การปฏิรูปกระบวนการนโยบายต่างประเทศของจีนในสมัชชา 18, กิตติพศ พุทธิวนิช
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้เสนอว่า เหตุผลสำคัญที่ทำให้สมัชชา 18 ต้องทำการปฏิรูปกระบวนการนโยบายต่างประเทศของจีนที่เเต่เดิมเป็นเเบบกระจายตัวให้มีการรวมศูนย์เข้าสู่ส่วนกลางมากขึ้น คือ เเบบแผนใหม่ทางเศรษฐกิจ ความก้าวหน้าของเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ และนโยบายหันกลับสู่เอเชียของสหรัฐอเมริกา ทั้งนี้ การปฏิรูปกระบวนการนโยบายต่างประเทศของสมัชชา 18 เป็นการปฏิรูปอย่างรอบด้าน ทั้งในระดับรัฐบาลกลาง รัฐบางท้องถิ่น และกองทัพ โดยในระดับรัฐบาลกลาง ความเปลี่ยนเเปลงสำคัญคือการเปลี่ยนเเปลงบทบาทของกลุ่มผู้นำย่อย การประกาศใช้เเผนยุทธศาสตร์เเห่งชาติด้านการต่างประเทศ เเละการสร้างกรอบความร่วมมือใหม่ทับลงไปในกรอบความร่วมมือเดิม ในระดับรัฐบาลท้องถิ่น ความเปลี่ยนเเปลงสำคัญคือ การใช้มาตรการทางการคลัง การใช้ระบบการเเบ่งหน้าที่ตามพื้นที่ เเละการเปลี่ยนเเปลงหน้าที่ของสำนักการต่างประเทศส่วนท้องถิ่น เเละในระดับกองทัพ ความเปลี่ยนเเปลงสำคัญคือ การปฏิรูปกองทัพให้คณะกรรมาธิการทหารส่วนกลางมีอำนาจที่เเท้จริงในการบัญชาการกองทัพ เเละการใช้เเนวคิดยุทธศาสตร์สามสงครามเพื่อบูรณาการฝ่ายพลเรือนเเละฝ่ายทหาร ทั้งหมดนี้ ทำให้กระบวนการนโยบายต่างประเทศของจีนมีความเป็นเอกภาพมากขึ้น เพื่อที่สมัชชา 18 จะสามารถจัดการกับปัญหาทั้งสามข้อข้างต้นได้อย่างรอบด้าน
จีนกับการใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจในการเจรจาต่อรอง: ศึกษากรณีญี่ปุ่นและไต้หวัน, ชินดนัย ธีระพันธุ์พิเชฏฐ์
จีนกับการใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจในการเจรจาต่อรอง: ศึกษากรณีญี่ปุ่นและไต้หวัน, ชินดนัย ธีระพันธุ์พิเชฏฐ์
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
การศึกษาชิ้นนี้นำเสนอการใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจของจีนในการต่อรองระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งมีคำถามสำคัญคือจีนใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจในการต่อรองระหว่างประเทศในเชิงผลประโยชน์หรือเชิงยุทธศาสตร์อย่างไร และการใช้เครื่องมือนี้ส่งผลอย่างไร โดยจะชี้ให้เห็นว่าในเบื้องต้นจีนได้ใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจเพื่อพัฒนาประเทศไปสู่การเรืองอำนาจโดยสันติ การพัฒนานี้ทำให้จีนกลายเป็นมหาอำนาจทางเศรษฐกิจในภายหลัง และยังสร้างคุณูปการทางเศรษฐกิจกับชาติต่างๆทำให้ชาติต่างๆเข้ามาพึ่งพาทางเศรษฐกิจกับจีน เมื่อเกิดการพึ่งพาที่ไม่เท่าเทียมกันเช่นนี้ จีนได้ใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจเพื่อต่อรองเมื่อเกิดความขัดแย้งกับประเทศคู่พิพาท การศึกษาชิ้นนี้ได้หยิบยกญี่ปุ่นขึ้นมาเป็นกรณีศึกษาโดยชี้ให้เห็นว่าการที่เศรษฐกิจญี่ปุ่นพึ่งพาสินแร่ที่มีธาตุโลหะหายากจากจีนนั้น การพึ่งพาที่ไม่เท่าเทียมกันได้ทำให้จีนใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจในการต่อรองเมื่อเกิดข้อพิพาทเกาะเซนกากุ/เตียวหยูเพื่อให้ญี่ปุ่นปฏิบัติตามข้อเรียกร้องของจีน การศึกษาชิ้นนี้ยังหยิบยกไต้หวันขึ้นมาเป็นกรณีศึกษาโดยชี้ให้เห็นว่าจีนพยายามที่จะใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจภายหลังการเลือกตั้งไต้หวันปี 2000 และปี 2004 และจีนยังให้ประโยชน์ทางเศรษฐกิจแก่ชาติต่างๆ อันเป็นเครื่องมือในการแข่งขันการแย่งชิงความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตระหว่างจีนกับไต้หวัน ดังนั้น การพึ่งพาทางเศรษฐกิจกับจีนจึงเป็นทั้งประโยชน์และโทษที่รัฐพึ่งพิงจะต้องระวัง อย่างไรก็ตาม การใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจของจีนก็ไม่ได้ประสบผลสำเร็จตามที่จีนต้องการเสมอไปเพราะการใช้เครื่องมือทางเศรษฐกิจนี้ไม่เพียงก่อให้เกิดทัศนคติที่ไม่ดี แต่ยังชี้ให้เห็นถึงความย้อนแย้งระหว่างการสร้างความหวาดระแวงกับการเรืองอำนาจโดยสันติด้วย
Defence In Depth: An Anatomy Of Containment From Quarantine To Resilience, Jessica West
Defence In Depth: An Anatomy Of Containment From Quarantine To Resilience, Jessica West
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This dissertation investigates the logic of resilience as a prevailing mode of national security. Struck more by its familiarity than its novelty, I turn my attention to public health as a way of better understanding what resilience does and how it works. Using interpretive methods to read resilience theoretically as a function of complex systems and concretely as a set of homeland security policy practices in the United States, I situate the emergence and implementation of resilience as a redeployment of long-standing motifs and modes of “containment,” recast as an immune system. Specifically, I claim: 1) containment is a spatial …
Stasi Brainwashing In The Gdr 1957 - 1990, Jacob H. Solbrig, Jacob Hagen Solbrig
Stasi Brainwashing In The Gdr 1957 - 1990, Jacob H. Solbrig, Jacob Hagen Solbrig
LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the methods used by the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), more commonly known as the Stasi, or East German secret police, for extraction of information from citizens of the German Democratic Republic for the purpose of espionage and covert operations inside East Germany, as it pertains to the deliberate brainwashing of East German citizens. As one of the most efficient intelligence agencies to ever exist, the Stasi’s main purpose was to monitor the population, gather intelligence, and collect or turn informants. They used brainwashing techniques to control the people of the GDR, keeping the populace paralyzed with fear …
Oppression And Resistance: Socialist Theory And Christianity In The Lord Of The Rings, Gregory Jeffers
Oppression And Resistance: Socialist Theory And Christianity In The Lord Of The Rings, Gregory Jeffers
Conversations: A Graduate Student Journal of the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Theology
I have applied the work of Iris Marion Young (socialist theorist and political philosopher) and Walter Wink (New Testament scholar and Peace activist) to J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, arguing that although Young and Wink provide similar descriptions of oppression, their forms of resistance are largely divergent because Wink's, while far more radical and compelling as a story, requires the existence of the Christian God to work. I have read their prescriptions forresistance through de Certeau’s concepts of strategy (concerted and active resistance) and tactic (reactionary resistance). The Lord of the Rings demonstrates the way that Wink and …
H-Diplo Roundtable Xix, 14 On Dynamic Détente: The United States And Europe, 1964-1975, Thomas Schwartz, Werner Lippert, Luke A. Nichter, Kenneth Weisbrode, Stephan Kieninger
H-Diplo Roundtable Xix, 14 On Dynamic Détente: The United States And Europe, 1964-1975, Thomas Schwartz, Werner Lippert, Luke A. Nichter, Kenneth Weisbrode, Stephan Kieninger
Presidential Studies Faculty Articles and Research
A set of reviews of Stephan Kieninger's Dynamic Détente: The United States and Europe, 1964-1975, with a response from the author.
Strategic Culture In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Divergent Paths Of Uganda And Tanzania, Kevin Frank
Strategic Culture In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Divergent Paths Of Uganda And Tanzania, Kevin Frank
Dissertations
Strategic culture is a concept accepted by scholars and practitioners, but with problematic applicability to states newly independent or emerging from conflict. The elements that comprise strategic culture in the developed world are not always present in emerging states. This research addresses the pertinency of strategic culture in Uganda and Tanzania, and then tests the operationalization of the concept using the case of participation in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The African Union and the international community expected Uganda and Tanzania to contribute troops to AMISON in 2007. In the event, Uganda did and Tanzania chose another path. …
The Unraveling Of The Nation-State In The Middle East: Examples Of Iraq And Syria, Zachary Kielp
The Unraveling Of The Nation-State In The Middle East: Examples Of Iraq And Syria, Zachary Kielp
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
After the carnage of World War One and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire a new form of political organization was brought to the Middle East, the Nation-State. Based on European ideas of Sovereignty and equality between countries; the nation-state was thrust upon these areas that had no history or interest in adopting a foreign form of governance and served the primary purpose of safeguarding the imperial interests of Europe. Compounding their error, the regions of these new nation-states contained populations that had long resented and mistrusted each other. While these countries could be held together by repressive dictatorships for …
The Pulpit And The People: Mobilizing Evangelical Identity, Tim Moser
The Pulpit And The People: Mobilizing Evangelical Identity, Tim Moser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Using ten sermons from five prominent and politically active evangelical megachurch pastors taken from the 2016 presidential campaign season, this case study utilizes frame analysis to understand the political relevance of modern evangelical sermonizing. An inductive frame analysis allows the concept of a collective action frame to be observed as a process and for patterns to emerge from the source text. Within these sermons, ministers offer self-identifying evangelicals a vocabulary with which to understand and describe their own identity. In this context, the Bible is a powerful cultural symbol that represents an allegiance to traditions that are framed as the …
The Cold War In The Eastern Mediterranean: An Interpretive Global History, James M. Brown
The Cold War In The Eastern Mediterranean: An Interpretive Global History, James M. Brown
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis offers the first global history of the Cold War in the eastern Mediterranean. It examines the international linkages that bound Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus with superpowers, non-aligned states, and transnational movements during the second half of the twentieth century, and it considers the effects of such linkages upon the eastern Mediterranean’s domestic arenas. Throughout, it demonstrates that two forces – synthesis of outside influence alongside consolidation of internal identities – dictated the region’s experiences during the Cold War. And though the international environment furnished the conditions within which the region’s societies pursued the project of nation-building, indigenous forces …
Does Truth Promote Peace? Toward A Greater Understanding Of Truth Commissions As Transitional Justice Mechanisms In Post-Conflict Countries, Eric Royer
Dissertations
This study explores the societal effects of transitional justice mechanisms in post-conflict countries. In particular, an emphasis is placed on exploring whether truth commissions, which are suggested in virtually all post-conflict situations today, exhibit a positive or negative effect on key indicators, such as democracy, human rights, economic development, and the durability of peace. Three central research questions are examined. First, do truth and reconciliation commissions “work”? In other words, are they associated with a reduction in communal violence and improvements in democratic institutions, human rights protections, and economic development? Second, must truth commissions be coupled with transitional justice mechanisms …
The Intrigue Of Paradigmatic Similarity: Leibniz And China, Yu Liu
The Intrigue Of Paradigmatic Similarity: Leibniz And China, Yu Liu
Comparative Civilizations Review
The cosmology of China is indeed strikingly similar to the metaphysics of Leibniz, but precisely where the two resemble each other, the former is unmistakably different from Christianity. Scholars of Leibniz have so far generally taken it for granted that he was ideologically aligned with Christianity, but his paradigmatic similarity to China should alert us of a surprisingly different story. Leibniz was indisputably “the greatest of the seventeenth century sinophiles” and key Chinese cosmological ideas were introduced to Europe long before he formulated his worldview. Together, these two facts can help us decide whether he “owes to Chinese organic naturalism …
Narrativized Ethics And Hiroshima: Harry S. Truman, Homer, And Aeschylus, Michael Palencia-Roth
Narrativized Ethics And Hiroshima: Harry S. Truman, Homer, And Aeschylus, Michael Palencia-Roth
Comparative Civilizations Review
Discussions of the atomic bomb and Hiroshima have to be deeply troubling for anyone. The natural inclination is to turn one’s eyes away or to remain silent. Avoidance and silence, however, were not valid options immediately after the Second World War and are not valid options today. The decision – or decisions, for there were many – to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and later Nagasaki raises issues of profound importance for the human community. It compels us to ask who we are as individuals and as members of a society engaged in actions with such devastating consequences. We …
Editor's Note: A Banner Year For Iscsc And The Comparative Civilizations Review, Peter Hecht
Editor's Note: A Banner Year For Iscsc And The Comparative Civilizations Review, Peter Hecht
Comparative Civilizations Review
The past year has witnessed an enhanced level of dedication, by many volunteers, to the sustainability of our parent organization, the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilization, as well as to the continuing quality of the Comparative Civilizations Review. Costs are down, membership is up, our journal is more popular than it has been in years, the new website continues to amaze, and our 2017 conference was a success.
Full Issue, Comparative Civilizations Review
Full Issue, Comparative Civilizations Review
Comparative Civilizations Review
No abstract provided.