Digital Commons Network^™

Enhancing Transparency And Accountability In Federally Funded Nonprofits: A Convergent Framework Integrating Artificial Intelligence Analytics And Blockchain Technology, David A. Oduro, Vida Adeti

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology address persistent challenges in federal nonprofit grant management. Through systematic analysis of government pilot programs and nonprofit technology adoption patterns, we develop an integrated implementation framework. Treasury Department and National Science Foundation blockchain prototypes demonstrate 40% reductions in administrative burden, with report generation decreasing from 40 staff-hours to seconds. Nonprofit AI adoption reached 92% by 2026, though significant disparities exist between large organizations (58% using AI for data analytics) and small nonprofits (19%). Drawing on interviews with federal agencies and grant recipients, this research identifies technical capacity constraints, regulatory complexity, …

Rethinking Ngo Sustainability: A Framework For Developing Support Structures Beyond Traditional Donations And Grants, Angie Holzer, Jackson Cooper

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

This thought paper examines the growing instability of traditional funding streams in the global nonprofit sector and argues for a fundamental shift in how sustainability is conceptualized. Moving beyond a narrow focus on financial capital, the paper introduces a practical framework of five interconnected resource types—financial, material, human, knowledge, and network resources—supported by a sixth foundational element, relational capital, or trust. Drawing on examples and applied models, the authors demonstrate how nonprofits can strengthen resilience and long-term impact by intentionally leveraging diverse and often underutilized forms of support. The paper also highlights the evolving role of board members, emphasizing the …

Negosiasi Diplomasi Budaya K-Pop Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Boikot Penggemar Ateez, Dhannya Febryana

Multikultura

This study examines the boycott by Indonesian fans against the K-pop group ATEEZ as part of the dynamics of South Korea’s cultural diplomacy in Southeast Asia. Building on the understanding of K-pop as an important instrument of soft power in South Korea’s cultural diplomacy strategy, this research highlights how regional audiences do not always passively accept such practices. Using a qualitative approach with digital discourse analysis, the study analyzes boycott-related discourses circulating on social media and in online news coverage to explore the narratives, meanings, and cultural implications of this action. The fan boycott is not merely an expression of …

Enhancing Assessment Tools For Foster Youth: A Phenomenological Approach To Preparing For Independent Living, Karen M. Armstead

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Abstract

Foster youth transitioning to independent living often face challenges that extend beyond technical life skills. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of 10 former foster youth (ages 18–21) regarding readiness for independent living and the adequacy of preparation they received. Semi-structured interviews were guided by an 18-question instrument reflecting real-world transition domains commonly addressed by nonprofit independent living programs. Thematic analysis yielded three primary themes: (1) lack of preparation, (2) emotional strain and abandonment, and (3) life skills training. Findings indicate that readiness is multidimensional and shaped by practical preparation, emotional readiness, and relational support. For nonprofit …

Russian Linguistic Policy In The Post-Soviet World, Payton G. Deichler

The Dialogue

This paper examines the role of the Russian language as an instrument of soft power in the post-Soviet space, arguing that its geopolitical influence extends beyond demographic prevalence to the institutional frameworks through which it is promoted and mediated. Rather than functioning solely as a neutral medium of communication, Russian operates as an infrastructural component of influence that shapes access to media ecosystems, educational systems, and professional mobility across former Soviet republics. Drawing on the concept of a “Monopoly of Interpretation,” this study proposes that the centralized, state-linked promotion of Russian enables the consolidation of political narratives within shared linguistic …

A Begrudging Acknowledgement: An Analysis Of The Relationship Between The Dprk And Rok, Reese Dammers

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

This article argues that contemporary DPRK–ROK relations are best understood as a relationship structured by mutual fear, deep historical grievances, and profound distrust, rooted in the legacies of Japanese occupation, ideological division, and the unresolved Korean War. Although North Korea’s nuclear program has intensified South Korean insecurity, the paper shows that Pyongyang’s behavior is largely defensive rather than aggressively expansionist, and that past opportunities for invasion went unexploited. Recent gestures of engagement—such as sports diplomacy during the 2018 Pyeongchang Olympics—suggest that while reconciliation remains difficult, cautious and incremental improvement in inter‑Korean relations is possible.

The Fall Of France And Public Opinion During The 1940 United States Presidential Election, Ethan Moyer

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

This article argues that the fall of France in 1940 triggered a profound shift in American public opinion, weakening long‑standing isolationist attitudes and creating fertile ground for Franklin Roosevelt’s internationalist agenda. Drawing on contemporary polling and political developments, it shows how period effects, elite signaling, and coordinated media messaging converged to move the United States toward greater engagement in global security. Ultimately, the study demonstrates how Roosevelt leveraged both crisis and persuasion to redefine the boundaries of mainstream foreign policy in the 1940 election cycle.

Why Right-Wing Populism Endured In Hungary But Collapsed In Brazil: A Comparative Institutional Analysis, Cooper Fensterstock

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The main argument of this article is that right‑wing populism has endured in Hungary but collapsed in Brazil because of fundamental differences in institutional design, party cohesion, media control, and the strength of horizontal accountability. Orbán leveraged Hungary’s parliamentary fusion of powers, disciplined Fidesz party, and near-total media dominance to consolidate illiberal rule, while Bolsonaro was constrained by Brazil’s fragmented presidential system, weak party ties, independent judiciary, and pluralistic press. Through this comparative analysis, the paper shows how structural conditions—not just populist rhetoric—shape the durability of democratic backsliding.

Final Report: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap), Chelsea Livingstone

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The article evaluates the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), arguing that while it is one of the nation’s most effective anti-hunger policies—reducing food insecurity, lifting millions out of poverty, and stabilizing household resources—it continues to produce uneven outcomes due to administrative burdens, geographic disparities, and barriers faced by rural, immigrant, and mixed‑status households. Using Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework, the paper explains how SNAP’s expansions and limitations reflect shifting alignments among problem recognition, feasible policy solutions, and political will. It concludes with evidence‑based recommendations to improve equity and access, including streamlined enrollment, regionally adjusted benefits, strengthened outreach, and reduced stigma to …

Can Counterterrorism Be Taken Too Far?, Charles Tracy

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

The article evaluates three major counterterrorism tools—surveillance, torture, and drone warfare—through the lens of Just War Theory, arguing that each raises distinct ethical and strategic dilemmas. It concludes that surveillance can be morally permissible when tightly regulated, torture is indefensible both legally and morally, and drone strikes are conditionally ethical only under strict oversight that minimizes civilian harm and ensures accountability. Overall, the paper contends that effective counterterrorism is possible without abandoning human rights, but only when transparency, proportionality, and legal constraints guide state action.

Maritime Piracy In The Straits Of Malacca And Singapore, Brian Kenny

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

This article examines the sharp rise in maritime piracy in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, arguing that the surge stems from the convergence of structural vulnerabilities—dense shipping traffic, poverty-driven motivated offenders, and limited state enforcement capacity—now intensified by global supply chain disruptions and new technologies. It shows that piracy, though currently less violent than in past decades, poses significant economic and security risks for Southeast Asia and the broader global economy. The paper concludes that effective long‑term mitigation requires both strengthened regional maritime cooperation and domestic reforms addressing the socioeconomic roots of piracy, particularly in Indonesia.

Restrictive Voting Laws In The United States, Brian Kenny

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

In this article, the author argues that the recent wave of restrictive voting laws in the United States is driven less by genuine concerns about voter fraud and more by Republican efforts to counteract demographic and political changes that disadvantage the party electorally. Reviewing political science research, it shows that while some restrictions—especially felon disenfranchisement—clearly suppress turnout among marginalized groups, the overall electoral effects of most laws remain mixed due to backlash mobilization and uneven implementation. The paper concludes that despite uncertain partisan gains, these restrictions pose significant risks to democratic equality and require both short‑term mobilization and long‑term structural …

The Equal Pay Act Of 1963, Alyssa Dawson

The Political Realm: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Political Science and International Relations

In this article, the author argues that while the Equal Pay Act of 1963 marked an important early milestone in addressing gender‑based wage discrimination, its narrow “equal work” standard, ambiguous language, and employer‑friendly judicial interpretations have limited its long‑term effectiveness. Through policy analysis and case law, it shows how the Act’s incremental design, business‑driven compromises, and failure to address structural and intersectional causes of pay disparity have left significant gaps—particularly for women of color and workers in emerging sectors like the gig economy. The paper concludes that meaningful progress requires strengthening existing enforcement mechanisms and pursuing new, adaptive policies that …

Hidden Barriers: Enforcement Asymmetry And The Political Economy Of U.S.–Mexico Food Trade And The Cattle Industry, Sabina Prieto, Chris Jackson

Honors Thesis

This project examines how enforcement irregularities in Mexican food safety regulation affect small exporters’ ability to access U.S. markets. On paper, agricultural trade is regulated by laws on food quality, certification, and logistics. In practice, it is how those rules are enforced. In Mexico, big firms and producer associations tend to gain steady support and easier certification, while smaller producers face delays, rejections, or inconsistent oversight that make it much harder to compete. This study uses a comparative case study approach to analyze how similar industries produce different outcomes in market access. By tracing key events such as disease outbreaks, …

Structural Corruption And Political Development In Arizona: Growth, Governance, And Accountability, 1912-1980, Kaitlin D'Amico

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation argues that corruption in twentieth-century Arizona flourished because the regulatory structures created during the Progressive era contained foundational vulnerabilities that were exposed and exploited by Sunbelt-era economic growth. While scholars have tended to treat Arizona’s corruption scandals as episodic, this study demonstrates that they were the predictable outcome of institutional weaknesses embedded at statehood. Covering Arizona’s political structures and identity from statehood in 1912 through the post-Bolles reform era ending in 1980, the dissertation focuses on institutional development while using Don Bolles’s investigations and 1976 assassination as a focal point. This study draws primarily on contemporary newspaper reporting, …

China-Canada Resource Diplomacy: New Era Of Land Grabbing, Valdrin Dragusha

Bridges: An Undergraduate Journal of Contemporary Connections

This paper examines the evolving economic relationship between China and Canada, particularly in the context of China's transition from a strictly social economy to an authoritarian socialist market economy. It highlights the implications of China's Going Out Policy initiated in 2000, aimed at securing vital natural resources amidst growing domestic demands driven by rapid economic expansion. The paper analyzes China's significant demand for resources, its sustainable development policies, and the changing dynamics of land acquisitions, particularly in relation to Canada, which is perceived as a strategic investment destination due to its abundant natural resources and technological advancements in clean energy. …

The Game Pattern And Related Thoughts In The Implementation Of The U.S. Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Prevention Act, Zhongjian Hu, Peng Cao

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] To summarize the implementation of the US Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act(IRTPA), and to comprehensively examine the contemporary disputes surrounding the IRTPA,and the power expansion and checks and balances of US intelligence agencies, is beneficial for further understanding the evolution of the US intelligence legal framework and its impact on the national intelligence system and mechanisms. [Method/process] This paper, from the perspective of stakeholder theory, combines methods of literature analysis and case study to summarize and analyze the basic situation, development process, and contradictory disputes of IRTPA. [Result/conclusion] The IRPTA addresses the systemic governance of intelligence dysfunction issues …

Considering Moderating Forces As A Critical Lens For Understanding The Internationalization Of Higher Education, Jonah M. Otto

Critical Internationalization Studies Review

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Cognitive Biases In Russian Cyber Operations, Emma Manning

Honors Theses

This thesis examines how Russia has employed reflexive control through cyber operations to influence decision-making in foreign states, focusing on disinformation campaigns during the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Reflexive control, a concept rooted in Russian military doctrine, seeks to shape an adversary's perceptions and decision-making by providing carefully crafted information that leads targets to make choices favorable to the initiator. This research argues that while the fundamental objectives of reflexive control have remained consistent, technological advances have significantly expanded Russia's ability to conduct operations in developing cyber domains.

Using qualitative analysis of open-source intelligence, …

Covid Minds: A Thematic Review Of The Pandemic On Neural Mechanisms And Political Polarization, Madison Jeffries

Honors Projects

This paper analyzes how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced political polarization in the United States by examining the interactions between social system disruption, psychological stress, and underlying neurological behaviors. While previous research has extensively discussed pandemic's influence on public health and societal breakdowns, studies fail to examine how these disruptions shaped political divisions. This study synthesizes interdisciplinary literature on pandemic-induced stressors and analyzes factors, including institutional mistrust and social isolation, and how these experiences shape political behavior and perspectives. Applying research from psychology and neuroscience, the paper argues that prolonged exposure to pandemic-related stressors changed neurological and behavioral patterns in response …

Three Essays In Political Economy, Thomas Ryan Johnson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Markets, institutions, and borders shape political behavior. Geography influences why markets form, how institutions flourish, and where nations draw borders. As a consequence, empirical studies of political behavior frequently struggle to disentangle spatial effects from quantities of interest. This dissertation makes a methodological advancement in this problem area and conducts a spatial study with these concerns in mind. The dissertation studies bias in spatial regressions, how natural disasters impact political participation, and the political economy of espionage. It introduces a flexible machine learning methodology to mitigate bias in spatial regressions, it identifies spatial and demographic factors associated with changes to …

Governing Addiction: An Anthropological Comparison Of Care In The United States And The Netherlands, Kiren K. Bagga

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This article examines addiction care as a form of moral governance through a comparative anthropological analysis of the United States and the Netherlands. Drawing on a Foucauldian theory of biopolitics alongside this study argues that approaches to addiction treatment reveal how states differentially value life, citizenship, and vulnerability. Joan Tronto's relational definition of ethical care is used to move beyond a solely moral context, towards an ethical understanding of both caretakers and those who require care. In the United States, addiction policy has historically functioned as a punitive and moralizing project, shaped by racialized drug criminalization, neoliberal ideals of individual …

Exploring Health Policy As A Critical Mechanism Of Expression Of Right-Wing Government Policy, Aleisha Martinez Sandoval

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Global health policy has long been viewed as a “softer” arena of politics, driven by cooperation rather than competition. Unlike economics or defense, nations in this sphere have often set aside ideological differences to improve human well-being. Yet right-wing governments (RWGs) are increasingly redefining this space, transforming it from an international project of solidarity into a strategic platform for advancing core ideological commitments. In this thesis, I examine how healthcare has become a critical site where the foundational tenets of RWGs—hierarchy, tradition, market liberalism, sovereignty, law and order, and populist nativism—are vividly enacted and reinforced. What was once a domain …

Executive Retrenchment: An Exploration Of Gender Identity Policy In The Second Trump Administration, Robert H. Cropp

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

President Trump’s use of executive orders to influence federal policy regarding gender identity has primarily sought to undo existing rights and protections of transgender and gender non-conforming Americans put in place by previous Democratic administrations. These policies have been variably successful in their aims despite widespread resistance from interests supporting those existing policies. Scholars have discussed the role of institutional resistance in cases of policy retrenchment primarily through electoral mechanisms, but such discussions do not consider the role of the executive branch in policy retrenchment and its unique insulation from electoral feedback. This thesis centers those considerations in the case …

Female Genital Cutting In American Foreign Policy – Proposal For Harm Reduction, Charlotte Racine

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation (FGC/M) has gained international attention as an issue of human rights and violence against women and girls. The United States, as a leading world power, has openly opposed its practice and actively condemns it in communities and countries of the Global South, yet it fails to oppose or condemn as staunchly identical procedures within its borders. The simultaneous condemnation of FGC when it occurs in “undeveloped” countries and acceptance of American procedures like cosmetic genital modification surgeries, male circumcision, and “corrective” surgeries on intersex infants produces a narrative of cultural superiority and imperialism that harms the international …

Education And Voter Turnout: Absolute Vs. Relative Effects In 2020, Maya A. Welland

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This study examines whether absolute or relative education more strongly predicts individual-level voter turnout in the November 2020 presidential election. Absolute education is measured as total educational attainment, while relative education captures an individual’s educational rank among their birth cohort. Using data from the 2020 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplement, I construct both measures and estimate bivariate and multivariate linear regression models for U.S. citizens aged 25 and older. The results show that increases in both absolute and relative education are positively and significantly associated with voting. However, when included in the same multivariate model, absolute education remains …

Money And State Politics: State Legislature Partisan Dynamics And Ideology Outcomes Following Citizens United V. Fec, Jillian E. Pastore

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

What effect has Citizens United v. FEC had on state-level partisanship and the policy outcomes that follow from it? Scholarship on the influence of corporate and union spending in political campaigns has largely centered on federal elections. In this paper, I extend the analysis to the state level, leveraging the fact that Citizens United created a natural experiment across the states. Prior to the Supreme Court ruling, roughly half of the states prohibited corporate and union independent expenditures in state elections (including for governor, state senate, state house, and state supreme court races). The Citizens United decision effectively nullified these …

Prosecutorial Discretion: The Effect Of Social Dominance Orientation (Sdo) And Right-Wing Authoritarianism (Rwa) On Understanding And Support Among Americans, Jamie Shelton

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

The U.S. prison system is plagued by an overrepresentation of the country’s residents, at twenty percent of the world’s prison population. The discretion of prosecutors to determine when and which charges to file has been linked to the immense prison growth of the U.S. since the late 1970s, especially given their lack of judicial and public oversight. In this study, participants were asked to answer survey questions made up of four scales: knowledge of the prosecutorial role (Prosecutor Knowledge), support for policy curtailing prosecutorial discretion (Policy Support), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). Findings included significant results for …

Where India Sits In International Political Economy, Sophia Usmani

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This paper observes the scholarship of international political economy regarding the involvement and consideration of the Global South, focusing on India. It focuses on India's historic involvement in the global economy, and how that role has changed and adapted over time. This paper aims to bring India into the foreground of discussions on international political economy, and address the historic contributions and major political and economic events in the country.

Economic Security And Strategic Rivalry: Industrial Policy And The U.S.–China Security Dilemma, Nurielle Rahav

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

In an era of geopolitical competition and technological dominance, industrial policy has reemerged as a crucial tool of economic strategy in both the United States and China. Industrial policies, particularly in the advanced manufacturing sector, were formerly understood as tools for strengthening the domestic economy. However, against the backdrop of the U.S.–China trade war, new industrial policies carry significant geopolitical implications. This paper argues that industrial policy intensifies the U.S.–China security dilemma, as both governments increasingly interpret economic self-sufficiency in advanced manufacturing as a matter of national security. Through an analysis of two cases, the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act …