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Killing Like A State: Explaining The Edge Cases Of Rebel Perpetration Of Wartime Genocidal Violence, Cheng Xu Dec 2025

Killing Like A State: Explaining The Edge Cases Of Rebel Perpetration Of Wartime Genocidal Violence, Cheng Xu

Government: Faculty Publications

Genocide scholarship overwhelmingly identifies states as the primary perpetrators of genocidal violence. While non-state armed groups, particularly pro-government militias, have been implicated in genocide, rebel-perpetrated wartime genocidal violence remains exceedingly rare. This paper argues that state-centric explanations of genocide can be exported to explain these edge cases. I argue that four high-threshold conditions must align for rebels to commit wartime genocidal violence: (1) effective territorial control, (2) the dispensability of civilian support, (3) a rigid and exclusionary ideological program, and (4) perceptions of threat, typically constitutive rather than military, where the target group is framed as incompatible with the nascent …

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What Is The Most Important Issue In Indonesia’S Political Belief System? Network Analysis Of Attitude And Voting Behavior In 2014 And 2019, Khaerullah Fadhli Arasy Hasan, Whinda Yustisia, Mirra Noor Milla, Mark Brandt Dec 2025

What Is The Most Important Issue In Indonesia’S Political Belief System? Network Analysis Of Attitude And Voting Behavior In 2014 And 2019, Khaerullah Fadhli Arasy Hasan, Whinda Yustisia, Mirra Noor Milla, Mark Brandt

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

Previous research has shown that attitudes toward political issues have a significant influence on voting behavior (Bukari et al., 2022). However, not all issues exert equal influence, and some may have a more direct impact on voting behavior than others. This study applies network analysis within the framework of the PBS model (Brandt & Sleegers, 2021) to explore the issues that most strongly shaped voters’ choices in Indonesia’s 2014 and 2019 elections. To answer the research question, we used data from a national survey (n = 962) conducted in 2018. The analysis was conducted by evaluating the shortest path values …

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The Equity Dead Zones: Legal Intersectionality Failure Points In Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, Tearria N. Simmons Dec 2025

The Equity Dead Zones: Legal Intersectionality Failure Points In Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, Tearria N. Simmons

The Guardianship Journal

Legal intersectionality failure points describe the systemic fractures that occur where overlapping legal, social, and economic inequalities converge, potentially producing compounded barriers to relief. Each failure point marks a site of marginalization. In what ways do individuals already recognized as vulnerable in Chapter 13 bankruptcy face a heightened risk when multiple forms of disadvantage intersect? When these intersections combine in mutually reinforcing ways—racial, economic, and relational disparities colliding with structural deficiencies in family, property, and bankruptcy law—does it result in pronounced negative outcomes, and, if so, what are those outcomes? Within this convergence, could there be a space where compounded …

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Framing Of Immigration In The News And Its Effects On Social Media Discourse On The Southcoast Of Massachusetts, Mariel Surprenant Dec 2025

Framing Of Immigration In The News And Its Effects On Social Media Discourse On The Southcoast Of Massachusetts, Mariel Surprenant

Political Science Undergraduate Theses

Why do immigrant communities often express anti-immigrant sentiment? This study will focus on examining what political discourse about immigration dominates the news ecosystem of the Southcoast of Massachusetts, and what effect that discourse has. Immigration in the U.S. has become an increasingly politicized issue, dominating political discourse, motivating voter behavior, and shaping regional political identities. This study will use content analysis of Southcoast newspapers to examine how the local news frames immigration and discourse analysis to examine the opinions of everyday citizens revealed as by their social media comments on posts about immigration by the same local news sources. The …

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Drones And The Changing Character Of War, Erik A. Davis Dec 2025

Drones And The Changing Character Of War, Erik A. Davis

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Cheap drones have transformed the character of war by creating a “mass effect” that challenges traditional principles of force concentration. Unlike commentary focused on offense-defense debates or ethics, this article explains how Jevons’s Paradox, the Red Queen Effect, and models like Lanchester’s Laws and Hughes’s Salvo Equations underpin this shift. Drawing on lessons from Ukraine, historical theory, and production trends, it explains why the production of cheap “precision mass” is expected to accelerate. For military and policy practitioners, the analysis offers urgent guidance for adapting tactics, procurement, and doctrine to a battlefield dominated by ubiquitous, low-cost drones—before adversaries exploit this …

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Parameters Winter 2025-26, Usawc Press Dec 2025

Parameters Winter 2025-26, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Winter 2025–26 issue of Parameters. We open with an In Focus commentary: “Responsibly Pursuing Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) for the War Fighter” by A. Blair Wilcox and C. Anthony Pfaff. The issue also features two forums (Indo-Pacific Deterrence and Considerations for Modern Warfare) and the inaugural Strategic Competition Corner.

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Security Implications Of The China-Russia-North Korea Triangle, Brian G. Carlson Dec 2025

Security Implications Of The China-Russia-North Korea Triangle, Brian G. Carlson

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article analyzes the evolving strategic dynamics within the China-Russia-North Korea triangle and their implications for global security. It argues that while the strengthened Russia–North Korea relationship poses risks for China’s global strategy and its major economic partnerships, for now, China also derives some benefits from these close ties and considers the risks to be manageable. Drawing on recent diplomatic developments, military cooperation, and regional responses, the article offers a nuanced assessment of how this alignment affects European and Indo-Pacific theaters. The analysis provides US policymakers with insight into the risks of opportunistic aggression and the strategic calculations driving these …

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Beyond Precedent: Sexual Violence As An Act Of Genocide In The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda, Ciara Kilroy Dec 2025

Beyond Precedent: Sexual Violence As An Act Of Genocide In The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda, Ciara Kilroy

Peace and Conflict Studies

Wartime sexual violence (WSV) has been a characteristic of violent conflict throughout recorded history, yet has failed to illicit the same international attention and condemnation as other war crimes. WSV has also been a particularly pervasive method of destruction during genocide, in which women make up the majority of victims and are targeted for both their gender and group membership. However, sexual violence is not enumerated as a crime of genocide in the 1948 Genocide Convention. Despite its absence from the formal genocide convention, legal institutions have still attempted to hold perpetrators responsible for sexual violence during genocide. This paper …

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Leaving The Fold: Young Adult Disaffiliation From Protestantism In Political And Cultural Context, Kimberly S. Johnson Dec 2025

Leaving The Fold: Young Adult Disaffiliation From Protestantism In Political And Cultural Context, Kimberly S. Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study investigated the lived experiences of young adults who have disaffiliated from a Protestant church, focusing on political, national, and religious dynamics, including reflections on Christian Nationalism. The study also examines how these meaning-making processes informed participants’ retrospective accounts of disaffiliation. Building on the quantitative research that has dominated prior studies, this study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis to investigate how encounters with Christian Nationalism have shaped perceptions of organized religion. The study’s ten participants ranged in age from 21 to 29 years old and identified as having been part of the Protestant Church prior to disaffiliating from organized religion. …

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Recurring Coups In The Sahel Region Likely To Strain U.S. Resources, Autumn Tewksbury, Anthony Zampino, Shay Dauphinais, Andrew Britland Dec 2025

Recurring Coups In The Sahel Region Likely To Strain U.S. Resources, Autumn Tewksbury, Anthony Zampino, Shay Dauphinais, Andrew Britland

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

This client report examines recurring military coups in the Sahel region of Africa and the probability of implications for U.S. interests. We incorporated analysis of terrorist organizations, adversarial involvement in the region, and projected socioeconomic factors in the next three to five years. Our analysis indicates these factors could pose a direct threat to U.S. national security interests. Current U.S. policy prohibits aid distribution to coup governments, increasing the likelihood that Sahelian countries will turn to U.S. adversaries for economic support. An additional aspect to consider is the Sahel’s natural resources and economic opportunities. Our project utilizes in-depth research, geospatial …

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Strategies For Seeding Police Abolition In A Minefield, Kaden Paulson-Smith Dec 2025

Strategies For Seeding Police Abolition In A Minefield, Kaden Paulson-Smith

Feminist Pedagogy

A major challenge for abolitionist teaching is uprooting the assumption that carceral systems are natural and inevitable. This essay describes strategies for teaching about the colonial capitalist origins and white cisheteropatriarchal development of the police, and the critical theorization and abolition of policing, in a hyper-politicized minefield. These strategies emerged from teaching, “The Global Politics of Policing,” after the Summer of 2020 in the Midwest, where abolitionist critiques were frequently met with burning resentment. Three overarching strategies to facilitate learning about police abolition include: 1) consistent engagement with learning materials; 2) critical analysis as a learning objective and theoretical framework; …

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Exploring Saudi Arabia’S Failed War In Yemen Through A Civil-Military Relations Lens, Zachariah Richards Dec 2025

Exploring Saudi Arabia’S Failed War In Yemen Through A Civil-Military Relations Lens, Zachariah Richards

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This article argues that the Saudi Arabian military's inability to achieve its goals in its war against the Houthi rebels in Yemen is largely the result of the relationship dynamics between the country's civilian and military institutions. For decades, this relationship has been defined by extensive coup-proofing on behalf of the Saudi civilian monarchy that has weakened some of its military's capabilities and fundamentally affected its battlefield quality. Through exploring specific cases of the Saudi military's performance in Yemen and incorporating relevant literature on coup-proofing and the civil-military problematique, this article contends that a country's military performance cannot be analyzed …

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Trump Vs. The Fourteenth Amendment, Rye Maccurtain Dec 2025

Trump Vs. The Fourteenth Amendment, Rye Maccurtain

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

This paper argues that President Trump’s 2025 executive order to end birthright citizenship represents a major break from constitutional tradition and a clear turn toward far-right ideology. The order challenges the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees citizenship to anyone born on United States soil and has been upheld for more than a century, including in the Supreme Court case United States v. Wong Kim Ark. Although some conservatives may frame the action as a routine effort to strengthen immigration policy, the order moves beyond traditional conservatism. It departs from the rule of law, rejects long-standing legal precedent, and promotes an exclusionary …

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Rethinking Coercion: Moving Beyond Moralized Accounts Of Coercion, Lorenz N. Soukup Dec 2025

Rethinking Coercion: Moving Beyond Moralized Accounts Of Coercion, Lorenz N. Soukup

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Coercion is often portrayed as a vile act, which is inherently immoral. Typical examples include blackmail or receiving an offer at gunpoint. Most contemporary theories centre around this characteristic immorality of coercion. In the following paper I will argue that coercion need not involve an immoral act. I will look at two distinctly different theories of coercion. On the one hand, a moralised account proposed by Jennifer Lackey and on the other hand, an account refraining from moralising coercion brought forward by Scott Anderson. The aim of this paper is not to define coercion but to motivate a shift in …

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Recurring Patterns In Democratic Backsliding: The United States, Hungary, And Israel, Leah Brouda Dec 2025

Recurring Patterns In Democratic Backsliding: The United States, Hungary, And Israel, Leah Brouda

Bates College Journal of Political Studies

Utilizing a three-pronged analysis method, this article argues that not only is democratic backsliding – the degrading quality of democratic institutions in a state – on the rise but that it has frequent recurring themes. These themes are consolidation of executive authority, changes in court power and judicial independence, and election manipulation. Utilizing a combination of public opinion research and indexes such as Freedom House and the Global State of Democracy Index (GSDI), these themes emerge as patterns that are both understood and misconstrued by citizens in each country and of the world. The analysis is based on themes in …

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Pronatalism In The United States: How Political Ideals Surrounding Family And Reproductive Health Care Contribute To Neglect In The Foster Care System, Carson Sebree Dec 2025

Pronatalism In The United States: How Political Ideals Surrounding Family And Reproductive Health Care Contribute To Neglect In The Foster Care System, Carson Sebree

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Within the past decade, conservative reproductive politics in the United States have experienced an ideological shift from pro-life toward pronatalism. This has been intensified through the rollback of reproductive rights and the rise of Christian nationalism. However, there has been no commensurate additional funding for the foster care system. This project asks the interrelated questions of: “how is pronatalism linked to neglect within the foster care system?; and, how do theories of democratic care highlight the necessity to rethink support for the foster care system and create policies that will address its shortcomings, given the rise of pronatalist aw and …

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A Shattered World: Jews And Israel After October 7, Michael Berenbaum, Gilbert N. Kahn Dec 2025

A Shattered World: Jews And Israel After October 7, Michael Berenbaum, Gilbert N. Kahn

The Jewish Role in American Life: An Annual Review

October 7, 2023, was a watershed event in contemporary Jewish history. What took place on that date challenged the two most basic assumptions of post-Holocaust Jewish life: that the future security of the Jewish people would be assured by an independent Jewish state backed by an army, and that the freedom for Jews in the Diaspora to live as Jews would be secured by democratic rights and liberties. The pogroms of October 7 and the worldwide explosion of antisemitism that followed—even preceding Israel taking military action against Hamas—challenged both assumptions. The Israel Defense Forces could not prevent a slaughter from …

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From Energy Abundance To Blackouts: Political Explanations For Ecuador’S 2024 Electricity Crisis, Selene V. E. Diaz Martinez Dec 2025

From Energy Abundance To Blackouts: Political Explanations For Ecuador’S 2024 Electricity Crisis, Selene V. E. Diaz Martinez

Political Science ETDs

Ecuador’s growing reliance on hydropower has positioned it as a regional leader in renewable energy development. However, recent droughts have exposed the vulnerability of this energy model in the face of climate change. In 2024, widespread blackouts underscored the risks of overdependence on hydroelectricity in the country. The media suggested that the cause of the blackouts was due to an abnormal drought that year. However, climate change alone cannot explain the lack of use of other generation sources to meet demand. suggesting that a review of political choices could provide insight into the sector's failure. This research examines the political …

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Loneliness And Support For Political Violence Within The United States, Kellen Downey Dec 2025

Loneliness And Support For Political Violence Within The United States, Kellen Downey

Political Science Student Papers and Posters

Although loneliness is a growing public health issue in the United States, its political effects remain understudied. This paper seeks to understand the relationship between loneliness and the support of political violence by utilizing the Chapman Survey of American Fears (CSAF Wave 11). This survey, which is a component of the 2025 Chapman Survey of American Fears, includes the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, as well as two separate items specifically measuring political violence. Using a national survey (N=1,015), I address the following questions: (1) Are lonely individuals more likely to support violence on political grounds? (2) Does strongly identifying with …

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Generational Differences And Registered Nurses’ Intention To Leave An Organization, Mutabazi Sekimonyo Dec 2025

Generational Differences And Registered Nurses’ Intention To Leave An Organization, Mutabazi Sekimonyo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As baby boomers, Generation X, millennials, and Generation Z converge in healthcare settings, their distinct values and work styles influence organizational culture, communication, and collaboration, ultimately affecting patient care outcomes. This study was conducted to explore the impact of generational differences on registered nurses’ intentions to leave their organizations or the nursing profession. By examining how these generational differences shape nurses’ intentions to leave their organizations, the study can help to identify challenges and opportunities for healthcare leadership. Through an analysis of generational expectations and workforce dynamics, this research aimed to inform strategies for supporting retention, enhancing job satisfaction, and …

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Guest Editors’ Introduction, Maurits Bastiaan Meerwijk, Nicolo Paolo P. Ludovice Dec 2025

Guest Editors’ Introduction, Maurits Bastiaan Meerwijk, Nicolo Paolo P. Ludovice

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

This introduction examines the historical evolution of health messaging in the Philippines, tracing its roots from early twentieth-century colonial public health campaigns to contemporary pandemic responses. It argues that health messaging, initially termed “medical propaganda,” has consistently served as a tool for persuasion and governance, intertwining communication, politics, and medicine. The introduction highlights how visual technologies and simplified narratives have been used to normalize biomedical authority, often obscuring complex realities. It concludes by emphasizing the need for a broader epistemic repertoire to navigate health knowledge in an era of misinformation.

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Ideology, Issue Consistency, & Rationality In Political Preferences Among Bgsu Students, Cassidy Kroggel Dec 2025

Ideology, Issue Consistency, & Rationality In Political Preferences Among Bgsu Students, Cassidy Kroggel

Honors Projects

Affective polarization — negative feelings toward the opposing political party — is increasing in the United States. As partisanship becomes weaponized, an individual’s ideological consistency becomes an important determiner for their negative feelings toward other individuals with different beliefs. This concern reaches beyond mere disagreement, and has serious implications for the future of our democratic principles: open dialogue, compromise, and policy making. Rationality and the ability to change one’s mind seems to be at the forefront of this issue, acting as a bottom-up driver for policy preference formation. This research analyzes the connection between ideological consistency, rationality, and affective polarization …

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What Could Have Been? Surveying The Labor Impact Of The 2025 Executive Orders On Glam Workers, Raegan Stearns, Alphie Garcia, Jina Duvernay Dec 2025

What Could Have Been? Surveying The Labor Impact Of The 2025 Executive Orders On Glam Workers, Raegan Stearns, Alphie Garcia, Jina Duvernay

LWLC Faculty Research

What Could Have Been? is a collaborative project designed to document the labor lost as a result of federal cuts and grant terminations, especially within GLAM institutions. This survey was inspired by a sub-group of members of the 2025 Archives Leadership Institute (ALI) Cohort who came together to collect evidence of the personal and professional losses resulting from the current sociopolitical landscape. While the project seeks to document the effects on the GLAM communities, What Could Have Been? also acknowledges the loss of personal livelihoods and vilification of public servants in addition to amplifying the impact of the erasure of …

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"Judge Not The Stranger": Partisanship, Social Media, And Support For Immigration Tactics, Mary Moody, Esme Bolander, Emma Thomas Dec 2025

"Judge Not The Stranger": Partisanship, Social Media, And Support For Immigration Tactics, Mary Moody, Esme Bolander, Emma Thomas

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Public opinion polls on immigration in the United States largely focus on gaps between parties and partisans. We provide a new approach, with a novel survey experiment employing randomized vignettes. We find that respondent gender, candidate gender, and candidate country of origin are insignificant predictors of immigration preferences. However, candidates with negative social media posts about the United States government were significantly more likely to face deportation, regardless of a respondent’s partisanship. This has important implications for understanding American citizens’ perceptions of immigration, free speech, and who is welcome in the United States.

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The Impact Of The War In Ukraine On Conscription Policies In Western Balkan Countries, Alfred Marleku, Elsa Llalloshi Dec 2025

The Impact Of The War In Ukraine On Conscription Policies In Western Balkan Countries, Alfred Marleku, Elsa Llalloshi

International Journal of Business and Technology

This research paper examines the impact of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine on the transformation of conscription policies in Western Balkan countries. Several Western Balkan governments have considered reinstating military service in response to escalating tensions in the region. The study analyzes the geopolitical pressures stemming from the conflict and assesses how they have prompted these nations to rethink their defense strategies through the lens of conscription. By exploring the causal relationship between heightened regional insecurity and policy shifts, this paper provides insights into the broader implications of the Ukraine war on military readiness and national security in the Western …

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18 To Buy, Any Age To Die: Why Do Americans Fear Gun Control Amidst Rampant Gun Violence?, Taylor Gadsden-Deterville Dec 2025

18 To Buy, Any Age To Die: Why Do Americans Fear Gun Control Amidst Rampant Gun Violence?, Taylor Gadsden-Deterville

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

In the first 303 days of 2025, there were 350+ mass shootings in the United States. Recent research has shown mass shootings are one of the primary fears among Americans, and if unaddressed, could continue to cause political and social division. Using the Chapman University Survey on American Fears (CSAF), a national representative sample of American adults, my research highlights the influence of primary factors such as gender, political orientation, and media intake. This research will examine the correlation between gun violence and opposition to weapon regulation. Mass shootings have become rampant in spaces that should be safe, like schools, …

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The Cult Of Clean Hands: Why No One’S Innocent In America’S War On Corruption, Elizabeth Doan Dec 2025

The Cult Of Clean Hands: Why No One’S Innocent In America’S War On Corruption, Elizabeth Doan

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

This study examines how fear of corruption functions as both a political weapon and a national ritual of moral reassurance. The focus lies in understanding why Americans across party lines express deep mistrust in political institutions while simultaneously seeking purity through accusation. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of U.S. voters, the research examines how partisan identity, media narratives, and generational memory influence the emotional economy of corruption—what citizens fear, whom they blame, and why those fears persist. Testing the initial expectation that Republicans would express greater concern about corruption revealed that such fear is shared widely across parties, reflecting …

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Echo Chambers In Encryption: How Germany's Netzdg Law Displaced Far-Right Discourse And Bolstered Afd Support On Private Platforms, Jackson Pace Campbell Dec 2025

Echo Chambers In Encryption: How Germany's Netzdg Law Displaced Far-Right Discourse And Bolstered Afd Support On Private Platforms, Jackson Pace Campbell

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

This study examines the relationship between social media political engagement and support for Germany's far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party in 2021, arguing that the 2017 Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) inadvertently displaced anti-immigration discourse from moderated public platforms into private encrypted spaces, fostering echo chambers and radicalization. Drawing on data from the German Longitudinal Election Study pre-election survey (N=5,119 nationally representative voters), logistic regression analyses test associations between AfD support and social media political use, controlling for socio-demographic and attitudinal factors. Findings confirm hypotheses: overall social media political engagement nearly doubles AfD support odds; private encrypted apps like Telegram and …

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Divided We Fear: The Politics Behind America's Economic Anxiety, Yadira Flores Hernandez Dec 2025

Divided We Fear: The Politics Behind America's Economic Anxiety, Yadira Flores Hernandez

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Imagine waking up to headlines announcing a market crash. Some picture an end to stability; others see a nonpermanent storm. What separates these reactions is far more than just perspective; it is politics. Using the 2025 Chapman Survey of American Fears, a representative sample of U.S. national adults, I will study the patterns of fears regarding economic collapse across and beyond political lines. Furthermore, I will examine how partisanship shapes perceptions of such collapse, adding layers of analysis with media and personal economic fears. My findings support the hypothesis that Democrats appear to express higher levels of concern about an …

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The Erosion Of Credibility: How Government Control Shapes Distrust In Journalism, Ellie Bickelhaupt Dec 2025

The Erosion Of Credibility: How Government Control Shapes Distrust In Journalism, Ellie Bickelhaupt

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

In the past few months, talk show hosts have been canceled for speaking out against the president, deepfakes and AI have become more accessible, there has been an increase in propaganda and state-sponsored media, and through all this, we have seen a continuous increase in government control. All of these factors offer potential explanations as to why there has been an increased distrust and loss of respect regarding journalism throughout the United States in recent years. This research aims to demonstrate that when the government heavily monitors and controls the country, Americans are less likely to trust the media and …

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