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We Do Not Have Borders: Greater Somalia And The Predicaments Of Belonging In Kenya, Bashir Haji

The Journal of Social Encounters

Karen Weitzberg opens her book with a proverb from the early Somali independence era: “wherever the camel goes, that is Somalia.” This quote sets the precedence for the book illustrating Somalis’ rocky relationship with borders. Originally, Somalis were nomadic pastoralists that frequently moved around, crossing borders. However, after many African countries gained independence, new border lines were drawn up. As a result of this new reality, many Somali clans were forced to claim their territorial land and were also shut out from other regions, thereby impacting their way of life. Weitzberg, a Stanford graduate with a background in African and …

Two Books On Peace Education And Advocacy From The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Peace Education In The Philippines: Measuring Impact, Jasmin Nario-Galace

The Journal of Social Encounters

In this essay I discuss the education and experiences that were important for my formation as a Peace Educator and Advocate. The essay also briefly looks at the issue of peace research, teaching and activism, and how we at the Miriam College –Center for Peace Education believe that research and teaching are important but not enough. I recount research I helped to conduct that shows that peace education had a positive impact on those who participated in it, and then go on to describe our successful Iobbying efforts with the Philippine government and at the United Nations. I conclude with …

Peace Education In The Philippines: My Journey As A Peace Educator And Some Lessons Learned, Loreta Navarro-Castro

The Journal of Social Encounters

In this essay I discuss the development of Peace Education in the Philippines. I also discuss my journey as a peace educator and organizer of peace education. I conclude with lessons that I learned in my work that may be useful for others interested in Peace Education and Advocacy.

Reflections On Peace Education And The Philippines, Patricia M. Mische

The Journal of Social Encounters

This essay, written at the request of JSE editors as an introduction to its special section on Peace Education in the Philippines, discusses the meaning and importance of educating for peace in a globally interdependent but fractured world; shares reflections from the author’s personal journey as a learner/teacher/researcher engaged in peace education, with special attention to her experience in peace education in the Philippines from 1979 to 2020; and introduces two very accomplished Philippine peace educators and their work.

The Mischaracterization Of The Pakhtun-Islamic Peace Culture Created By Abdul Ghaffar Khan And The Khudai Khidmatgars, Shelini Harris

The Journal of Social Encounters

Abdul Ghaffar Khan and his Khudai Khidmatgar Movement, whose peace activities included nonviolent resistance to British rule in India, have remained relatively unknown despite the magnitude of their achievement and significance (100,000 strong peace army). Even among appreciative peace scholars their nonviolence has been mischaracterized as an adoption of Gandhi’s teachings; Khan is referred to as the Muslim Gandhi. I argue that this is due to a reliance on biased colonial sources, concomitant racist characterization of the Pakhtuns and Islam, and an insufficient understanding of violence. I illustrate how this movement’s motivation and inspiration were deeply rooted in Pakhtun culture …

Liberalism Versus Fundamentalism: The Ideological Conflict Between Tocqueville And Qtub, Mary Catherine E. Morris

Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy

This paper seeks to conclude whether Qtub has successfully discredited the values supported by Tocqueville to draw more Muslims to support an increased role of religion in society and influence the majority of Muslims to conduct violent jihad. It is hypothesized that Muslims agree with Qtub that Islam must be increasingly influential in society, but the majority do not seek to increase its role through, or for the purposes of, violent jihad. Differing in their views on freedom and liberty, freedom of religion and separation of church and state, and man-made laws but agreeing on the negative effects of materialism, …

The Social-Political Situation In Central Asia On The Eve Of The Advent Of Islam, Ziyodilla Ziynatullayev

The Light of Islam

The article discusses the strategic importance of Central Asia in the Middle Ages, the processes of the invasion of Turkic tribes, and its inclusion in the Turkic Kaganate. The Ephthalite Empire, which ruled Central Asia for almost a century, collapsed as a result of the attack of the Turkic clans. A management system based on nomadic traditions was created in the country: new orders and positions were introduced.

Although the states of Central Asia were vassals of the West Turkic Kaganate, they possessed a certain degree of internal independence. Without a centralized authority in the region, they developed in the …

The Case Of Kashmir: Ethnic Mobilization And Insurgency, Kayla Hofmann

Politics Honors Papers

This paper analyzes ethnic identity and potential reasons for conflict through a constructivist lens. Using the case study of Kashmir, I explore the past and present events in the state and the salience of ethnicity, specifically Kashmiri Muslims and Indian Hindus.

The Importance Of Richard Lionheart In The Third Crusade, Stefan Caplazi Mr.

Young Historians Conference

The impact that King Richard III of England had on the third crusade is apparent through his limited strategic victories on the battlefield. Richard III did well with his limited resources, but ultimately failed to retake Jerusalem. Due to unforeseeable events, Richard III lost his military support before embarking on much of the campaign to regain the Holy Land. These events proved detrimental to his task. While he was an excellent strategist and fearsome leader, Richard III simply lacked the resources and troops to succeed. This paper argues that with more military support, Richard “The Lionheart” would have retaken the …

Casablanca Bombings, Preventing Violent Extremism, Imam Training Program, Commander Of The Faithful, Religious Pluralism, Rachel Macnow

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Following the 2003 Casablanca Bombings in Morocco there was an increased concern in protecting the physical and spiritual security of the nation. The state immediately responded by issuing a large crackdown on Salafists where many were arrested, imprisoned, and deprived of their rights. Due to the rise of extremist rhetoric in the mosques, particularly in rural and impoverished areas, the state also responded by closing any mosques they deemed to not be promoting moderate Islam and removed their imams. Out of this, a Preventing Violent Extremism Program was created that was composed of security and religious-based policies. The security policies …

“Zikir Gemilang” Elite Politik Di Banda Aceh: Wacana Populis Atau Kebijakan Publik?, Saiful Akmal, Rizkika Lhena Darwin, Siti Nur Zalikha

Jurnal Wacana Politik

ikir publik menjadi arus baru di Aceh setelah tsunami. Dalam perkembangannya, zikir digunakan oleh elit politik baik ketika pilkada sebagai strategi kampanye, maupun sebagai kebijakan populis dalam menjalankan pemerintahan. Begitu pula Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh periode 2017-2022 yang menjadikan zikir sebagai salah satu program utama yang kemudian diberi nama “zikir gemilang“. Penelitian ini tertarik untuk melihat implementasi zikir ini apakah cenderung sebagai wacana populis atau kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif lewat metode wawancara semi struktur dan bola salju terhadap sejumlah informan kunci. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemahaman ulang terhadap fenomena zikir dari wacana ke aksi terjadi, …

Factors Supporting Turkey’S Policy To Purchase Russian S-400 Anti-Air Strike Defense Units, Chendika Yonanda, Maryam Jamila, Zulkifli Harza, Ilman Syarif Masri

Journal of Strategic and Global Studies

Turkey is a member of the NATO military alliance since 1952, as a member of NATO, cooperation between Turkey and Russia invites counterparts from other NATO alliance countries. But even with criticism, Turkey continues purchasing S-400 from Russia . Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that support Turkey's policy on purchasing S-400.This research is a descriptive research through internet-based literature.Turkey's policy in purchasing S-400 analyzed using the concepts of Arms, Alliances and Security Tradeoffs proposed by James D. Morrow. James stated that there are three factors that influence the state to conduct arming; economic & military technological factors, …

Decadent Orientalisms: The Decay Of Colonial Modernity [Table Of Contents], David Fieni

Literature

Decadent Orientalisms presents a sustained critique of the ways Orientalism and decadence have formed a joint discursive mode of the imperial imagination. Attentive to historical and literary configurations of language, race, religion, and power, Fieni shows the importance of understanding Western discourses of Eastern decline and obsolescence together with Arab and Islamic responses in which the language of decadence returns as a characteristic of the West.

Taking seriously Edward Said’s claim that Orientalism is a “style of having power,” Fieni works historically through the aesthetic and ideological effects of Orientalist style, showing how it is at once comparative, descriptive, and …

2020 Children's Story Cards, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Arif: "I like being in school again."

Norina: "We laugh a lot but I also worry."

Nooda: "I came on a boat. It was a big boat!"

Madina: "I just want to live in a safe place..."

Shurangez: "Sometimes we didn't feel safe at school."

Alex: "I'm from Nigeria. Coming to Italy was very difficult-very, very difficult, a real struggle."

Danial: "I want to be a useful person and follow my dreams."

Firoz: "I am 13 years old and I am worried about my family."

Ali: "Ali lived in Afghanistan. One day while walking to school a bomb exploded near …

Rawah, Rawah, Brandi Kilmer

TSOS Interview Gallery

No abstract provided.

Understanding Terror: A Religiopolitical Analysis Of The Rise Of Isis And The Establishment Of A Caliphate, Alexandra Hansen

Scripps Senior Theses

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has made waves in the international community, stoking global terror, influencing political discourse, costing hundreds of millions of dollars in security response and reconstruction efforts. More importantly, it has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, whether it be from direct combat or attacks, or from the massive refugee crises it sparked. One wonders, how did a small extremist group make such a massive and disastrous impact? Most research done on ISIS and terrorism studies tend to focus on the political, economic, and social factors that lead to the creation and successes of …

นโยบายซาอุดิอาระเบียต่อความขัดแย้งในเยเมน ระหว่าง ค.ศ. 2018-2019, ณัฐภัทร ศิวะพรชัย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

สารนิพนธ์มุ่งศึกษานโยบายซาอุดิอาระเบียต่อความขัดแย้งในเยเมนระหว่าง ค.ศ. 2018 - 2019 เพื่อวิเคราะห์สาเหตุที่ทำให้ซาอุดิอาระเบียต้องให้ความสำคัญกับเยเมน โดยผู้วิจัยใช้แนวคิดเขตอิทธิพล (Sphere of influence) ของ Paul Keal เป็นแนวทางในการวิเคราะห์ การศึกษาครั้งนี้พบว่าซาอุดิอาระเบียดำเนินนโยบายต่อเยเมนเพื่อรักษาเยเมนไว้เป็นเขตอิทธิพล ไม่ให้ศัตรู รวมถึงพันธมิตรของซาอุดิอาระเบียเองเข้ามาขยายอิทธิพลในเยเมนได้

Counterterrorism: The G5 Response Efforts To Combat Terrorism In The Sahel Region, Ndeye Fatou Ndiaye

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract

Africa’s Sahel suffers from multidimensional challenges that require robust solutions to address the issues. The regional crisis is aggravated by multiple factors that include climate risks, poverty, unemployment, water shortages, weak governance, lack of rule of law, food security to cite a few. Thus, a combination of factors greatly contribute to the Sahel crisis, resulting in severe security threats. This study attempts to analyze the role of the G5 Sahel states and the international community in counter-terrorism efforts. However, the region has emerged as the new battleground for terrorism along with a growing threat of violent extremism and other …

นโยบายของไทยในการส่งเสริมเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษตามแนวชายแดนในจังหวัดสงขลาระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 2014–2018, ปิยนาถ อิฏฐกรพันธ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษานโยบายของไทยในการส่งเสริมเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษตามแนวชายแดนในจังหวัดสงขลาระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 2014–2018 เพื่อศึกษาบทบาทและปฏิสัมพันธ์ของตัวแสดงที่มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องในการส่งเสริมเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลา จากการศึกษาพบว่า บทบาทของตัวแสดงในการผลักดันให้เกิดนโยบายเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลา มีดังนี้ หน่วยงานภาครัฐ จะเป็นผู้ขับเคลื่อนนโยบายเป็นหลักในการปรับปรุงพื้นที่ โครงสร้างพื้นฐาน การสนับสนุนด้านแรงงาน และการให้คำปรึกษาด้านสิทธิประโยชน์ในการลงทุน โดยหน่วยงานส่วนกลางจะเป็นผู้กำหนดนโยบายและส่งมอบนโยบายให้กับหน่วยงานในส่วนภูมิภาคและส่วนท้องถิ่น เพื่อขับเคลื่อนการพัฒนาเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลา หน่วยงานเอกชน จะเป็นผู้ส่งเสริมความร่วมมือด้านเศรษฐกิจระหว่างรัฐตอนเหนือของประเทศมาเลเซียกับจังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ของประเทศไทย การสนับสนุนงานวิจัย และการส่งเสริมการลงทุน และหน่วยงานในต่างประเทศ จะเป็นผู้ส่งเสริมการบูรณาการความร่วมมือระหว่างไทย – มาเลเซีย โดยเฉพาะการพัฒนาพื้นที่ภาคเหนือของประเทศมาเลเซีย บริเวณรัฐปะลิส และรัฐเกดะห์เชื่อมโยงกับจังหวัดสงขลา อย่างไรก็ตาม บทบาทของภาคประชาสังคมในพื้นที่ต่างมีทั้งฝ่ายที่สนับสนุนและคัดค้านนโยบายเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลา ดังนั้น บทบาทและปฏิสัมพันธ์ของตัวแสดงในการส่งเสริมเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลาจึงมีลักษณะผสมผสานทั้งการสนับสนุนและการต่อต้านนโยบายเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษจังหวัดสงขลา เพื่อให้เกิดการเชื่อมโยงเศรษฐกิจบริเวณชายแดนจังหวัดสงขลากับประเทศมาเลเซีย

Persistence Of Jewish-Muslim Reconciliatory Activism In The Face Of Threats And “Terrorism” (Real And Perceived) From All Sides, Micah B.D.C. Naziri

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation concerns how Jewish-Muslim and Israel-Palestine grassroots activism can persist in the face of threats to the safety, freedom, lives, or even simply the income and employment of those engaged in acts of sustained resistance. At the heart of the study are the experiences of participants in the Hashlamah Project, an inter-religious collaboration project, involving Jews and Muslims. Across chapters and even nations, chapters of this organization faced similar threats and found universally-applicable solutions emerging for confronting those threats and persisting in the face of them. This raised the question of whether revolutionaries and activists in general can persevere …

The New Philosophical Paradigm Of Cultural Development, Asliddin Sultonov

The Light of Islam

It is no secret that in recent еars the effectiveness of research in our country devoted to the study of social processes remains low. It is worth noting that many factors influence this. On the one hand, the active interaction of the international community and the waves of globalization go ahead than the development of diagnostic findings and the implementation of preventive measures in social research, and on the other hand, current studies lack clear scientific approaches and paradigms. Except for the requirement of a specific approach of the Higher Attestation Commission under the CM of the Republic of Uzbekistan, …

Stages Of Historical Development Of The System Of Selection Of Leading Personnel In Central Asia, Fazliddin Ravshanov

The Light of Islam

The article is devoted to the study of the historical experience of Central Asia on issues of public administration, its organizational system, leading employees, their vibrators, selection and appointment. Taking into account information in this area, the author presents the main stages of the evolution of the formation and development of national traditions and values in the system of selection of heads of government and public administration. The article considers the following five stages of estorical evolution in chronological order using the structural and functional method, as well as comparative analysis: the first is the period from ancient history to …

Northwest Immigrant Rights Project, Jorge Baron, Maria Kolby-Wolfe, Kristen Smith Dayley, Twila Bird, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

The Northwest Immigrant Rights Program has been around for 35 years, started in 1984 specifically to help Central American refugees during the mid-1980s, when they were fleeing civil wars. A pro-bono group of attorneys performing "direct legal representation", helping low income community members who are navigating different aspects of the immigration system. NWIRP also engages in "systemic advocacy" which attempts to change systems and policies revolving around asylum and immigration rights.

Fgm In Egypt Between Socio-Cultural Barriers And Lack Of Political Will, Yasmin Khodary, Nehal Hamdy

Political Science

Purpose – This study aims to detect the main factors impeding the anti-female genital mutilation (FGM) efforts in Egypt post the January 25 revolution, with a special focus on the era of president El-Sisi. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reasons behind the continuation of violence against women in Egypt, namely, FGM, in light of the patriarchal structures and the state willingness to address that challenge. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes a qualitative methodology. The study embarks on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 participants who experienced FGM and nine key informants from medical, religious, political and civil …

Rafi & Patra, Rafi, Patra, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Rafi and his family have been stuck on the border between Greece and Macedonia for almost four months. They made their way from Afghanistan, received certificates in Greece to help them on their journey, but were then stopped at the border of Macedonia. The Macedonians said that they were no longer allowing Afghans into their country. Now all they can do is wait and hope. In Afghanistan,Rafi was a military man. As a young man, he was a part of the Revolution army, but later was made a soldier for the Government Security of Kabul. During that time, he was …

At The Hands Of Fate: The Political Economy Of Islamic Insurance In Indonesia, Malaysia, And Pakistan, C. 1980 To The Present, Muhammad S. Rahman

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

Why have Islamic insurance systems developed well in some countries, but not in others? Malaysia is considered as Islamic insurance elite due to its relatively large number of operators it houses as well as the sustained growth of Islamic insurance sales within the country, while Indonesia and Pakistan are still in early stages of development. Analyzing the political and social history of Islamization of insurance systems in these three Muslim majority countries in Asia since 1980s, this dissertation demonstrates the development gap between these countries on Islamic insurance results from; firstly, complex bargains made between various groups within each country …

Marta, Marta, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Marta is a member of the support community for Central American refugees arriving in the southwest US. In this interview, Marta shares her own story of crossing the border at a young age with her daughter and her life in the US. Marta was self-employed for many years and later went on to serve in the US Army in Iraq. For the last 9 months, she and her husband Israel and son Josue have worked tirelessly to help make sure the current refugees arriving are cared for after they are released from detention centers and begin their lives in the …

Descriptive To Substantive Representation: A Study Of Gender Quotas In The National Assembly Of Pakistan, 2002-2018, Ameena Zia

Dissertations

Women’s political representation is linked to the empowerment of women in society. In efforts to alleviate women’s disenfranchisement from the political discourse, the international development framework included gender quotas as mechanisms to facilitate an increase in the presence of women in parliaments. Existing research has examined the link between Hanna F. Pitkin’s conceptualization of descriptive representation and substantive representation with a focus on performative measures of women parliamentarians. This longitudinal study expands the scope of existing inquiry and captures the transformational change in power relations as an outcome of the increase in women members of parliaments. This research provides an …

Shamshur, Shamshur, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Shamshur has been in Cox’s Bazaar for 8 months and works in Hope Hospital (the camp hospital) as a traditional birth attendant. In addition, she makes house calls to pregnant women throughout the camp who are fearful of hospitals due to past trauma and sexual torture. Shamshur has nine children and a husband who is in prison.