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Articles 121 - 150 of 215
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Climate Change Increasing Threats On Non-Conserved Mangroves Forests Of Micheweni, Zanzibar–Tanzania, Haji M. Hamad, Islam S.S. Mchenga, Mariam I. Hamisi
Climate Change Increasing Threats On Non-Conserved Mangroves Forests Of Micheweni, Zanzibar–Tanzania, Haji M. Hamad, Islam S.S. Mchenga, Mariam I. Hamisi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Overutilization of mangroves has been reported as the factor for mangrove declining across the globe. However, currently, the global climate change has been claimed to pose significant threats to the survival of mangroves. This study analysed the impacts of climatic variability (sea level rise, temperature and precipitation) to the mangroves of Micheweni (non reserve) and Ngezi-Vumawimbi (nature forest reserve). Multi-disciplinary approach was employed to collect information on community perceptions. Secondary time series data of up to 30 years for temperature, rainfall and sea level rise were collected and analysed. Inquiry results on how local communities perceived climate change showed that …
Synthesis Of Semiochemicals And Related Fine Chemicals From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Godfrey Pius, Quintino A Mgani
Synthesis Of Semiochemicals And Related Fine Chemicals From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Godfrey Pius, Quintino A Mgani
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper reports on syntheses of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1) and tetradecanal (2) from the same renewable starting material (cashew nut shell liquid or CNSL), thus demonstrating the potential of the agro-waste cashew nut shells (CNS) as a source of valuable fine and industrial chemicals. The strategy employed in accomplishing the synthesis started with extraction of CNSL followed by isolation of anacardic acid (4) and decarboxylation to give cardanol (5). Compound 5 was hydrogenated followed by protection of phenolic group to give 3-pentadecylphenyl acetate (7). Benzylic oxidation of compound 7 followed by reduction and dehydration resulted into formation of 3-(pentadec-1-en-1-yl)phenol (9). Ozonolysis …
Impacts Of Agricultural Practices On Soil Quality And The Resulting Soil Conservation Implication In Kizanda Village, Lushoto Region, Tanzania, Sarah Maccormick
Impacts Of Agricultural Practices On Soil Quality And The Resulting Soil Conservation Implication In Kizanda Village, Lushoto Region, Tanzania, Sarah Maccormick
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
This study examined soil conservation in Kizanda Village which is in the Lushoto District, Tanga Region in the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. In Tanzania, and more specifically, the rural montane area, agriculture is an important part of both social and economic development. Due to a reported high rate of land degradation in Tanzania, this development is threatened though the lack of soil conservation. This study conducted structured interviews with farmers in Kizanda through snowball sampling to collect information about local agricultural practices and farmers’ perceptions on soil conservation issues. Soil samples were then collected from the corresponding farms (n= …
Species Composition, Diversity And Distribution Of Vascular Epiphytes In The Kihansi Gorge Forest, Tanzania, Hashim Mangosongo, Martin Griffiths
Species Composition, Diversity And Distribution Of Vascular Epiphytes In The Kihansi Gorge Forest, Tanzania, Hashim Mangosongo, Martin Griffiths
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed at assessing the species composition, diversity and distribution of vascular epiphytes in the Kihansi Gorge Forest. Epiphytes sampling was conducted in twenty sampling plots established in the strip of riverine forest within the Kihansi Gorge. All vascular epiphytes growing on trees (phorophytes) rooted in the plots were sampled using ground-based technique as the method of access to the tree canopies. A total of 476 epiphyte individuals belonging to 20 species and 10 families were recorded in the study area. Among the twenty species recorded, Drynaria laurentii was the most abundant and most widely distributed in the study …
Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Pratylenchus Goodeyi Associated With Banana In Tanzania, Doreen Mgonja, Gladness Temu, Magreth Mziray, Beatrice Kashando, Ambilikile Mwenisongole, Minza Masunga, Sylvester Lyantagaye4, Nessie Luambano
Morphological And Molecular Identification Of Pratylenchus Goodeyi Associated With Banana In Tanzania, Doreen Mgonja, Gladness Temu, Magreth Mziray, Beatrice Kashando, Ambilikile Mwenisongole, Minza Masunga, Sylvester Lyantagaye4, Nessie Luambano
Tanzania Journal of Science
Banana (Musa sp. [L]) is an important staple food and cash crop for about 30 percent of the total population in Tanzania. Root lesion nematodes, particularly Pratylenchus goodeyi, are among the major pests affecting banana production in Tanzania. Morphological, morphometric and molecular approaches are required for accurate identification of nematodes. In this study, 80 P. goodeyi isolates from major banana growing areas in Tanzania were identified. Sequence analysis of part of the small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) confirmed the identity of P. goodeyi. DNA sequences were analysed using Geneious …
Plant Diet Selectivity And Some Environmental Parameters At Foraging Sites Of Wattled Crane (Bugeranuscarunculatus) In Malagarasi Wetlands, Tanzania, Jasson R.M. John
Plant Diet Selectivity And Some Environmental Parameters At Foraging Sites Of Wattled Crane (Bugeranuscarunculatus) In Malagarasi Wetlands, Tanzania, Jasson R.M. John
Tanzania Journal of Science
Wattled Crane Bugeranuscarunculatusis a threatened wetland-dependent bird species of sub-Saharan Africa with a declining population throughout its range due to habitat degradation. Ecological studies on this species have come from large populations in Botswana and Zambia. Little is known of the isolated small populations, especially those in Tanzania where about 200individuals survive. This study reports observations made on vegetation height, water depth and consumption of plant tubers at foraging locations of the Wattled Crane in Malagarasi-MuyovoziRamsar Site. Foraging birds preferred wet habitats with short vegetation. Birds fed mainly on Pycreusnitidus and Cyperusarticulatusplant tubersbut not those of Eleocharis, a chief food …
Cytotoxic And Antimicrobial Activities Of The Constituents Of Ten Plant Species From Tanzania, Joan J. E. Munissi
Cytotoxic And Antimicrobial Activities Of The Constituents Of Ten Plant Species From Tanzania, Joan J. E. Munissi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper reports on the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of crude extracts from the plant species Clemaptosis scabiosifolia (Ranunculaceae), Diospyros mafiensis (Ebenaceae), Dolichos kilimandscharicus (Leguminosae), Gnidia kraussiana (Thymelaeaceae), Hugonia castaneifolia (Linaceae), Neorautanenia mitis (Pappilionaceae), Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae), Uvaria acuminata (Annonaceae), Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae) and Zanha africana (Sapindaceae). All crude extracts were screened for their cytotoxicities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST). Fractions and pure compounds from Hugonia castaneifolia, Diospyros mafiensis and Uvaria acuminata were tested for their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities against ten microorganisms, namely Candida albicans, Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, …
Profit Efficiency And Smallholder Sugarcane Out-Growers Under Contract Farming In Tanzania: Does Location Matter?, Thobias Nsindagi, Jennifer K. Sesabo
Profit Efficiency And Smallholder Sugarcane Out-Growers Under Contract Farming In Tanzania: Does Location Matter?, Thobias Nsindagi, Jennifer K. Sesabo
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Tanzania is among countries that value the sugarcane sector as one of the potential crops for poverty alleviation. The sector provides direct employment to about 14,000 people, and it is an outlet for the produce of over 30,000 farming households (Nkonya & Barreiro Hurle, 2012). Likewise, it provides direct earnings and savings amounting to about US$28m annually (Sugar Board of Tanzania (SBT), 2007). However, sugarcane out-growers in Tanzania have been getting low prices relative to unit costs (Matango, 2006). This has generated substantial debate about the need and level of government support. Like other developing countries, contract farming (CF) has …
A Catalog Of Orchid Species And Their Distribution In Mazumbai Forest Reserve, Tanga Region, Tanzania, Sierra Loomis
A Catalog Of Orchid Species And Their Distribution In Mazumbai Forest Reserve, Tanga Region, Tanzania, Sierra Loomis
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Although orchids are common in Mazumbai Forest Reserve (MFR), there are limited resources on where they grow and how to identify them. The primary objective of this study is to create an updated catalog of orchids in MFR, using species abundance, richness and diversity of the orchids as indicators of where orchids prefer to grow in MFR. Orchid species vary greatly as altitude changes, making it important to survey orchids across different altitudes. Therefore, Mazumbai Forest was split into five different altitudinal bands spanning 1400 – 1900m and six 100 x 20m plots in each band were surveyed for both …
Semisynthesis Of A Mellein-Type 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarin From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Cnsl), Clarence A. Mgina, Fatma Kadir
Semisynthesis Of A Mellein-Type 3,4-Dihydroisocoumarin From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Cnsl), Clarence A. Mgina, Fatma Kadir
Tanzania Journal of Science
Mellein-type 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin 39 (i.e., 8-methoxy-3-tridecyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin or 8-methoxy-3-tridecylisochroman-1-one), and its precursors, namely, methyl 2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzoate (37), methyl 2-methoxy-6-pentadecanoylbenzoate (38) and (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-1-enyl)benzoate (19) were synthesized from anacardic acid (12) as a starting material obtained from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in an overall yield of 78%. The transformation of 12 to 39 involved protection of the reactive phenolic and carboxylic acid groups of compound 12 through methylation followed by hydrogenation so as to saturate the mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated C15 chains of anacardic acid (12). Subsequent benzylic oxidation and reduction of the keto functional group with concomitant dehydration of the alcohol led …
Cost Effective Strategy For The Synthesis Of Azo Dyes By Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Cnsl), Mathias Yohana, Monica M. Ndoile, Quintino A. Mgani
Cost Effective Strategy For The Synthesis Of Azo Dyes By Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (Cnsl), Mathias Yohana, Monica M. Ndoile, Quintino A. Mgani
Tanzania Journal of Science
The synthesis and dyeing properties of two types of azo dyes are reported in this paper. The two types of dyes were obtained from coupling of amino cardanol with unsaturated anacardic acid [ACUSA (Aminocardanol unsaturated anacardic acid)] and saturated anacardic acid [ACSA (Aminocardanol saturated anacardic acid)] separately. Both, anacardic acid and aminocardanol were obtained from CNSL as their source material. ACSA dyes were solid and dark brown while ACUSA were gelatinous and dark red. The performance of both ACUSA and ACSA dyes was moderate on textile fabrics with varying cotton content. The dyeing efficiency of the ACUSA was better than …
Levels Of Heavy Metals In Drinking Water, Cosmetics And Fruit Juices From Selected Areas In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Am Mahugija
Levels Of Heavy Metals In Drinking Water, Cosmetics And Fruit Juices From Selected Areas In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Am Mahugija
Tanzania Journal of Science
Heavy metals were determined in samples of drinking water, cosmetics (nail polish, lip glosses and hair dye) and fresh fruit juices in Dar es Salaam. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) after digestion with concentrated acids, filtration and dilution. Lead, zinc and iron were detected in the water samples and the concentration ranges were below detection limit (BDL) to 0.114, 0.01 to 1.47 and 0.027 to 0.39 mg/L, respectively, whereas cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of lead in 70.83% of the samples exceeded the WHO permissible limit, implying that the water in most of the areas …
The Influence Of Agricultural Activities On The Diversity Of Rodents In Kindoroko Forest Reserve And Surrounding Areas, North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, Remmy Lema, Flora J Magige
The Influence Of Agricultural Activities On The Diversity Of Rodents In Kindoroko Forest Reserve And Surrounding Areas, North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, Remmy Lema, Flora J Magige
Tanzania Journal of Science
The patterns of richness, diversity and similarity in rodent communities in agricultural areas and in adjacent Kindoroko Forest Reserve in the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania were assessed. By using a capture-mark-recapture method, 289 individuals of nine rodent species in March and May 2011 were captured. Seven species were recorded in agricultural area and 5 species in the Forest Reserve. Multimammate Rat (Mastomys natalensis) was abundant in agricultural area while soft-furred mouse (Praomys delectorum) was dominant in the Forest Reserve. Species diversity was greater outside than inside the forest, supporting results of earlier studies. Species similarity between the two habitats was …
Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Germination Ability Of Escoecaria Bussei, F Genes, Agnes Ms Nyomora
Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Germination Ability Of Escoecaria Bussei, F Genes, Agnes Ms Nyomora
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study was conducted in Botany Department Nursery to evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature on germinability of Excoecaria bussei. The orthodox seeds, collected from Dodoma and Singida regions were germinated monthly from September 2013 through June 2014. Each time, seeds were soaked in water for 6 hours to soften then sown in sterile potting media. A Split-Split plot was used to compare temperature [(15°C) and (30°C)] as main plots, populations (Maktupa, Kisalu and Ilola) as Sub plots and storage time (September 2013 through June 2014) as Sub-Sub-plots on percentage seed germination. ANOVA revealed average germination percentages of …
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Extracts Of Some Plant Species Used In The Management Of Hiv/Aids In Tanzania, Cyprian Beda Mpinda, Debra Meyer, Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Extracts Of Some Plant Species Used In The Management Of Hiv/Aids In Tanzania, Cyprian Beda Mpinda, Debra Meyer, Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye
Tanzania Journal of Science
Six plants species (Harungana madagascariensis, Sapium ellipticum, Teclea nobilis, Pseudospondias microcarpa, Rauvolfia vomitoria and Psorospermum febrifugum) which are used in managing HIV/AIDS in Bukoba, Tanzania were screened for their antimicrobial effect on the selected representatives of infectious bacterial and fungal species. Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus lactis, Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and a fungus Candida albicans were tested for their sensitivity to the treatment with selected plants extracts using disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. Extracts of S. ellipticum, P. febrifegum and P. microcarpa demonstrated growth inhibition of S. lactis with the MIC ranging from 3.2 to 100 mg/ml. The extracts of …
Speciation Of Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, Copper And Zinc In Sediments And Plants Along Msimbazi River In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Faustin N Ngassapa, Othman C Othman, David Mihayo, Kessy F Kilulya
Speciation Of Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, Copper And Zinc In Sediments And Plants Along Msimbazi River In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Faustin N Ngassapa, Othman C Othman, David Mihayo, Kessy F Kilulya
Tanzania Journal of Science
The speciation of lead, chromium, cadmium, copper and zinc in sediments and plants (pumpkin) along Msimbazi River in Dar es Salaam were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results in sediments indicated that the heavy metal contents (mg/kg) in the form of total trace metals ranged from 50.34 to 161.63 for Pb, 68.38 to 501.85 for Zn, 18.43 to 66.61 for Cu, 20.93 to 76.46 for Cr and BDL to 0.23 for Cd. The contents (mg/kg) in the form of metals bound to organic matter ranged from 18.24 to 46.58 for Pb, 27.64 to 228.62 for Zn, 3.55 to 16.76 for …
The Plant Species Composition, Diversity And Natural Regeneration Of Indigenous Trees In The Disturbed Ruvu South Forest Reserve, Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Ruvu Forest Reserve is among coastal forests in Tanzania that has been impacted by the increased anthropogenic activities. It was determined the plant species composition, diversity and indigenous trees regeneration growth size structure in the degraded Ruvu South Forest. Transect method was used to collect data that were treated using t-test. A total of 110 plant species distributed among 38 families were recorded such that Holarrhena pubescens, Hymenocardia ulmoides, Millettia micans, Ochna mossambicensis, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia and Strychnos madagascariensis were the most common trees in moderately disturbed site, whereas Albizia versicolor, Pteleopsis myrtifolia, Pterocarpus angolensis, Antiaris toxicaria, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon and Terminalia …
Similarity Coefficients Influence The Delimitation Of Species In The Genus Aloe L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Halima Amir, Mkabwa Manoko
Similarity Coefficients Influence The Delimitation Of Species In The Genus Aloe L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Halima Amir, Mkabwa Manoko
Tanzania Journal of Science
The present study was designed to establish the influence of coefficients indices in delimiting species using phenetic approach based on morphological data. Data were collected from thirty nine Aloe species described in Flora of Tropical East Africa. A total of forty two qualitative and quantitative characters were compiled from 83 specimens of aloes. Ten coefficient indices were tested. Data were analysed using UPMA approach of PAST software. The analyses confirmed that, truly coefficient of indices influenced the resulting classification. Of the 10 coefficients used only three produced 36-38 of the 39 species. Almost a third produced less than ten species-specific …
Application Of Regression Model To Identify A Parameter That Best Defines Species Diversity In The Coastal Forests Of Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo
Application Of Regression Model To Identify A Parameter That Best Defines Species Diversity In The Coastal Forests Of Tanzania, Cosmas Mligo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Coastal forests of Tanzania are diverse in plant species that make them included as part of the 34 world biodiversity hotspots. This study aimed atdetermining plant species diversity, richness, and evenness as well as to identify the parameter that best defines plant species diversity in the three coastal forests; namely Zaraninge, Kazimzumbwi and Pande. Transect method was used for vegetation data collection and subjected to Analysis of variance and regression techniques. The plant species composition among forests ranged between 75 and 146 with a significantly lower diversity index in Zaraninge (2.057 ± 0.112) than those in Pande (2.415 ± 0.022) …
Xanthagaricus Pakistanicus Sp. Nov. (Agaricaceae): First Report Of The Genus From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Najam-Ul-Sahar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Khalid
Xanthagaricus Pakistanicus Sp. Nov. (Agaricaceae): First Report Of The Genus From Pakistan, Shah Hussain, Najam-Ul-Sahar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Khalid
Turkish Journal of Botany
Xanthagaricus pakistanicus is described as a new species from lowland northern Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish pileus, covered with dark brown squamules, a stipe with yellowish fibrils, globose basidiospores, and pileal squamules made up of pseudoparenchymatous epithelium with encrusted walls. Molecular phylogenetic trees were inferred based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyses the genus Hymenagaricus sensu lato (s. l.) was inferred as a nonmonophyletic group and recovered in two monophyletic clades, consisting of species of the genera Xanthagaricus and Hymenagaricus …
Waste Not, Want Not: Using Source-Separated Urine To Cultivate Maize In The Southern Highlands, Tanzania, Lucy Hatfield
Waste Not, Want Not: Using Source-Separated Urine To Cultivate Maize In The Southern Highlands, Tanzania, Lucy Hatfield
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
In Sub-Saharan African countries, soil fertility is low due to unsustainable agricultural practices and little to no access to chemical fertilizer. Poor yields have resulted in many of these countries struggling to produce enough food to feed their growing populations. Human urine has been used as an effective, low-cost alternative to chemical fertilizers in greenhouse and plot trials on a variety of vegetables, but its effects on elemental grain composition in cereal crops are largely unknown. Here we tested whether diluted human urine applied as a fertilizer can increase maize crop growth, yield and nutritional content on small family-owned plots. …
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete
Tanzania Journal of Science
The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large amounts of waste which is an un-tapped bioresource. Research was undertaken to establish appropriate technologies for its valorisation to mushrooms, biogas and biogas manure (BGM).Physical and biological pre-treatments achieved methane yield increments of 23-30% whereas co-digestion with fish waste achieved methane yield increments of 59-94%. Sisal fibre waste was demonstrated to be a novel biofilm-carrier for treating sisal pulp leachate. With a loading rate of 9.0 kgVS/m3/day, the packed-bed bioreactor was operated without process stress. Sisal decortication waste (SLDW) and sisal boles (SBW) were found to be suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation. With …
Evaluation Of Onion (Allium Cepa) Germplasm Entries For Resistance To Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Lindeman) In Tanzania, Gabriel Michael Njau, Agnes M.S. Nyomora, Fekadu Fufa Dinssa, Jian Cheng Chang, P. Malini, S. Subramanian, R. Srinivasan
Evaluation Of Onion (Allium Cepa) Germplasm Entries For Resistance To Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Lindeman) In Tanzania, Gabriel Michael Njau, Agnes M.S. Nyomora, Fekadu Fufa Dinssa, Jian Cheng Chang, P. Malini, S. Subramanian, R. Srinivasan
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), is a prominent species infesting onion and tomato in the northern highlands of Tanzania. It causes considerable leaf damage by direct feeding and also transmits the Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Hence, one of the objectives of this study was to identify the most resistant onion entries against T. tabaci. One highly resistant (VI038552) and two resistant onion entries (VI038512 and AVON 1067) were identified against T. tabaci. Besides thrips resistance, the bulb size of VI038512 was also equivalent to one of the commercial varieties, Texas. The highly resistant VI038552 recorded the highest yield, followed …
Utilization And Accessibility Of Securinega Virosa For Medical Use In Morogoro Municipality, Sasha Friedrich
Utilization And Accessibility Of Securinega Virosa For Medical Use In Morogoro Municipality, Sasha Friedrich
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Approximately 80% of rural communities in Tanzania utilize the services of traditional healers. This is largely because modern medicine is often expensive, inaccessible, or has undesirable side effects. This study investigates use of traditional medicine in Morogoro Urban district where people do have access to hospitals. In particular, this study aims to assess the utilization and accessibility the plant species Securinega virosa for medicinal use by identifying and interviewing the actors involved in the supply chain from harvester to consumer. I conducted semi-structured interviews with eight traditional healers and one herbal medicine shopkeeper. I expected harvesters to express a decline …
Effect Of Temperature On Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease Development In Winter Wheat, Everlyne N. Wosula, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Effect Of Temperature On Wheat Streak Mosaic Disease Development In Winter Wheat, Everlyne N. Wosula, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Stephen N. Wegulo, Gary L. Hein
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Temperature is one of the key factors that influence viral disease development in plants. In this study, temperature effect on Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) replication and in planta movement was determined using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged virus in two winter wheat cultivars. Virus-inoculated plants were first incubated at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days, followed by 27°C for 14 days; and, in a second experiment, virus-inoculated plants were initially incubated at 27°C for 3 days, followed by 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 21 days. In the first experiment, WSMV-GFP in susceptible ‘Tomahawk’ wheat at 10°C …
Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman
Can Sub-Saharan Africa Feed Itself?, Martin K. Van Ittersum, Lenny G. J. Van Bussel, Joost Wolf, Patricio Grassini, Justin Van Wart, Nicolas Guilpart, Lieven Claessens, Hugo De Groot, Keith Wiebe, Daniel Mason-D'Croz, Haishun Yang, Hendrik Boogard, Pepijn A. J. Van Oort, Marloes P. Van Loon, Kazuki Saito, Ochieng Adimo, Samuel Adjei-Nsiah, Alhassane Agali, Abdullahi Bala, Regis Chikowo, Kayuki Kaizzi, Mamoutou Kouressy, Joachim H. J. R. Makoi, Korodjouma Ouattara, Kindie Tesfaye, Kenneth G. Cassman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Although global food demand is expected to increase 60% by 2050 compared with 2005/2007, the rise will be much greater in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA). Indeed, SSA is the region at greatest food security risk because by 2050 its population will increase 2.5-fold and demand for cereals approximately triple, whereas current levels of cereal consumption already depend on substantial imports. At issue is whether SSA can meet this vast increase in cereal demand without greater reliance on cereal imports or major expansion of agricultural area and associated biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies indicate that the global increase …
Assessment Of Concentrations Of Trace And Toxic Heavy Metals In Soil And Vegetables Grown In The Vicinity Of Manyoni Uranium Depositin Tanzania, F.A. Kapile, In Makundi
Assessment Of Concentrations Of Trace And Toxic Heavy Metals In Soil And Vegetables Grown In The Vicinity Of Manyoni Uranium Depositin Tanzania, F.A. Kapile, In Makundi
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study reports on determination of concentrations of trace and toxic heavy metals in soil and vegetables grown near of Manyoni uranium deposit. Soil and vegetable samples were collected from five sites namely Mitoo Mbuga, farming area, Miyomboni, Tambukareli and near water pump. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil and edible vegetables samples were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF).All vegetable samples were found to have higher concentrations (in μg/g) of trace elements such as Ni (67.3) in pea leaves, Cu (14.9) in pumpkin leaves, Fe (478.6), (200.5) and (337.1) in pea, pumpkin and spinach leaves respectively, …
Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husks-Based Adsorbents, Fanuel J Ligate, James E.G Mdoe
Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husks-Based Adsorbents, Fanuel J Ligate, James E.G Mdoe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study reports on the preparation and characterization of rice husks-based adsorbents and their application in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Three different adsorbents were developed: rice husks ash (RHA), rice husks ash-derived silica (RHS) and triaminopropyl-silica hybrid (TSH-R). The prepared materials were characterized by acid titration, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption analysis. Results from the ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that pure silica was obtained from RHA and that after surface modification the triaminopropyl group was successfully attached onto the silica framework with a …
Agro-Waste As Source Of Fine And Industrial Chemicals: Synthesis Of 2-Formyl-6-Hydroxybenzoic Acid And 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-Dione From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Lydia Kisula, Stephen J.M. Mdachi, Charles De Koning, Quintino A. Mgani
Agro-Waste As Source Of Fine And Industrial Chemicals: Synthesis Of 2-Formyl-6-Hydroxybenzoic Acid And 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-Dione From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Lydia Kisula, Stephen J.M. Mdachi, Charles De Koning, Quintino A. Mgani
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper reports on the synthesis of 2-formyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (8) and 4-methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (10) from a renewable natural material Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) achieved in five and seven steps, respectively. Anacardic acid was isolated from CNSL, dimethoxylated into (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-8-enyl)benzoate which was subsequently hydrogenated into methyl 2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzoate. Benzylic bromination of the methoxyester, and dehydrobromination afforded (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-1-enyl)benzoate which upon ozonolysis gave methyl 2-formyl-6-methoxybenzoate. Oxidation and dehydration of 8 formed methoxyphthalic anhydride (10). The work reported in this paper has further demonstrated the resourcefulness of cashew nut shell liquid as a renewable natural resource for synthesis of fine and industrial chemicals.
Predicting The Impact Of Temperature Change On The Future Distribution Of Maize Stem Borers And Their Natural Enemies Along East African Mountain Gradients Using Phenology Models, Sizah Mwalusepo, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Gerphas O. Okuku, Nancy Khadioli, Tino Johansson, Paul André Calatayud, Bruno Pierre Le Ru
Predicting The Impact Of Temperature Change On The Future Distribution Of Maize Stem Borers And Their Natural Enemies Along East African Mountain Gradients Using Phenology Models, Sizah Mwalusepo, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Gerphas O. Okuku, Nancy Khadioli, Tino Johansson, Paul André Calatayud, Bruno Pierre Le Ru
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in East Africa. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid Chilo partellus, the noctuid Busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae at local scale along Kilimanjaro and Taita Hills gradients in Tanzania and Kenya, respectively. Temperature-dependent phenology models of pests and parasitoids were used in a geographic information system for mapping. The three risk indices namely establishment, generation, and activity indices were computed using current temperature data record from local …